在数字stroop范式中中文数字的物理信息和数字信息之间的ERP时程交互作用

采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术探讨了在数字stroop范式中中文数字的物理信息和数字信息的交互作用电生理基础.结果发现,在任务出现后的250 ms左右,在数字大小判断任务和物理大小判断任务中,不一致条件(数字大小与物理大小不一致)比一致条件(数字大小与物理大小一致)诱发的ERP有一个更加负向的偏移(N250);随后,在300～450 ms内,在数字大小判断任务和物理大小判断任务中,在大脑头皮顶部诱发明显的P300,且一致条件比不一致条件诱发的P300更正.因此我们的研究表明中文数字的物理信息和数字信息的冲突主要发生在比较阶段.

Abstract：

Event-related brain potentials(ERPs)were used to explore the electrophysiologic correlates of interaction between physical and numerical dimensions of Chinese word numbers in the numerical stroop paradigm.Results showed that Incongruent condition elicited a more negative ERP deflection at around 250 ms(N250)than did Congruent condition in both the numerical and physical tasks.Then,between 300～450 ms,there was an apparent P300over the parietal scalp and it was more positive in Congruent condition than in Incongruent condition in both the numerical and physical tasks.     

Teaching Locally,Engaging Globally to Enhance the Undergraduate Curriculum： A Social Science Research and Evaluation Perspective

The purpose of this project is to reach more students in food, agricultural, and environmental sciences with a globalized undergraduate curriculum, by providing contextually-rich reusable learning objects （RLOs） and authentic case studies that address multidisciplinary issues. Reusable learning objects （RLOs） are self--contained, digital learning activities that range in length from 2 to 15 minutes. RLOs can contain a wide array of media, including text, web sites, charts, maps, models, PowerPoint presentations, photos, case studies, simulations, video clips, audio clips, and assessments, Food and agricultural sciences faculty at the University of Florida, the University of Georgia, and Texas A＆M University have been selected to be part of a Faculty Learning Community that Will work together in curriculum and RLO development, and will participate in an international study experience funded by this project. For each experience, a group of approximately ten faculty and three project team members will spend roughly two weeks in a Latin American/Caribbean basin country. Various social science data collection processes and evaluation strategies will be the focus of the presentation. The use of preflective and reflective instruments to measure initial attitudes or beliefs about the context-rich multidisciplinary experience and expected gains from participating in the curricula development will be demonstrated.     

Exploring the Feasibility of Winter Wheat Freeze Injury by Integrating Grey System Model with RS and GIS

Winter wheat freeze injury is one of the main agro-meteorological disasters affecting wheat production. In order to evaluate the severity of freeze injury on winter wheat systematically, we proposed a grey-system model (GSM) to monitor the degree and the distribution of the winter wheat freeze injury. The model combines remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology. It gave examples of wheat freeze injury monitoring applications in Gaocheng and Jinzhou of Hebei Province, China. We carried out a quantitative evaluation method study on the severity of winter wheat freeze injury. First, a grey relational analysis (GRA) was conducted. At the same time, the weights of the stressful factors were determined. Then a wheat freezing injury stress multiple factor spatial matrix was constructed using spatial interpolation technology. Finally, a winter wheat freeze damage evaluation model was established through grey clustering algorithm (GCA), and classifying the study area into three sub-areas, affected by severe, medium or light disasters. The evaluation model were verified by the Kappa model, the overall accuracy reached 78.82% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.6754. Therefore, through integration of GSM with RS images as well as GIS analysis, quantitative evaluation and study of winter wheat freeze disasters can be conducted objectively and accurately, making the evaluation model more scientific.     

Studies on the Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity of Kuianchun and Its Potential Carcinogenicity Prediction

Kuianchun is a newly synthesized antibacterial and growth-promoting drug. This paper selected a battery of three short-term tests, including Ames test, micronucleus test and sperm abnormality test, to detect the mutagenicity of Kuianchun. The carcinogenicity prediction and battery selection method (CPBS method) was used to determine the probability of carcinogenicity of Kuianchun based upon the results of shortterm tests mentioned above. In addition, traditional teratogenic test was selected to study teratogenicity of Kuianchun. In Ames test, Kuianchun showed mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence and presence of microsomal metabolic activation system (S9-mix). However, the mutagenicity was reduced by the addition of S9-mix. In micronucleus test, Kuianchun was administered intra-peritoneally to male mouse 30 hours and 6 hours before they were killed respectively. The result indicated that there was no significant difference on the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) in the mouse bone marrow induced by Kuianchun compared with the negative contrast (50% DMSO) (P ＞ 0.05). In sperm abnormality test, Kuianchun was administered through a gastric incubation to male mouse as a suspension in 2% Tween-80. The dosage levels were 450, 750, 1000 and 1500mg/kg per day for 5 days. The result indicated that the percentage of abnormal sperms induced by Kuianchun was not significant compared with the negative contrast (P＞0.05). In traditional teratogenic test, Kuianchun was given orally to pregnant mouse at 1/30,1/20 and 1/15 LDs0 during 6 - 15days of pregnancy period (the LD50 = 9000mg/kg). No toxicity was found either on mother and embryo in mouse, and teratogenic effects were also not observed at all tested dosages. The probability of carcinogenicity of Kuianchun is 23.8 % (θ = 0.238). The result demonstrated that Kuianchun is a non-carcinogen.     

Influence of Climate and Socio-Economic Factors on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Soil Organic Matter： A Case Study of Central Heilongjiang Province,China

For the scientific management of farmland, it is significant to understand the spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter and to study the influences of related factors. Using geostatistical theory, GIS spatial analysis, trend analysis and a Geographically Weighted Regression （GWR） model, this study analyzed the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors in central Heilongjiang Province during the past 25 years. Second soil survey data of China for 1979-1985, 2005 field sampling data, climate observations and socio-economic data for 1980-2005 were analyzed. First, soil organic matter in 2005 was spatially interpolated using the Co-Kriging method along with auxiliary data sets of soil type and pH. The spatio-temporal variability was then studied by comparison with the 1980s second soil census data. Next, the temporal trends in climate and socio-economic factors over the past 25 years were investigated. Finally, we examined the variation of the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors using the GWR model spatially and temporally. The model showed that 53.82% area of the organic matter content remained constant and 29.39% has decreased during the past 25 years. The impact of precipitation on organic matter content is mainly negative, with increasing absolute values of the regression coefficient. The absolute value of regression coefficient of annual average temperature has decreased, and more areas are now under its negative effects. In addition, the areas of positive regression coefficient of annual sunshine hours have northward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of positive coefficient and decreasing absolute value of negative coefficient. The areas of positive regression coefficient of mechanized farming as a socio-economic factor have westward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of negative coefficient and decreasing absolute value of positive coefficient. The area of regions with the positive regression coefficient of irrigatio     

Characterization and Differentiation into Adipocytes and Myocytes of Porcine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） could differentiate into various cell types including adipocytes and myocytes, which had important scientific significance not only in the field of tissue regeneration, but also in the field of agricultural science. In an attempt to exhibit the characterization and differentiation into adipocytes and myocytes of porcine BMSCs, we isolated and purified porcine BMSCs by red blood cell lysis method and percoll gradient centrifugation. The purified cells presented a stretched fibroblast-like phenotype when adhered to the culture plate. The results of flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the isolated cells were positive for mesenchymal surface markers CD29, CD44 and negative for hematopoietic markers CD45 and the adhesion molecules CD31. Cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes with adipogenic medium containing insulin, dexamethasone, oleate and octanoate. Oil Red O staining demonstrated that the porcine BMSCs successfully differentiated to adipocytes. Moreover, the findings of real-time PCR and Western blotting indicated that the induced cells expressed adipogenic marker genes （PPAR-y, C/EBP-c~, perilipin, aP2） mRNA or proteins （PPAR-3,, perilipin, aP2）. On the other hand, porcine BMSCs were induced into myoctyes with myogenic medium supplemented with 5-azacytidine, basic fibroblast growth factor, chick embryo extract and horse serum. Morphological observation by hochest 33342 staining showed that the induced cells presented as multi-nucleus muscular tube structure. And myogenic marker genes （Myf5, desmin） mRNA or proteins （MyfS, MyoD, myogenin, desmin） were found in the induced cells. In addition, the results of immunofluorescence staining revealed that myogenic marker （Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, desmin, S-MyHC） proteins was positive in the induced cells. Above all, these results suggested that the isolated porcine BMSCs were not only consistent with the characterization of mesenchymal stem cells, but also exhibited the multipotential capacity to form adipocytes and myocytes, which provided the basis to investigate the regulation mechanism involved in the selective differentiation of porcine BMSCs.     

Conservation of Iris bismarckiana Regel （Iridaceae） Using Plant Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis

In an attempt to propagate and conserve the rare, showy bulbous plants of Iris bismarckiana, newly recorded to the flora of Jordan and to contribute to the conservation the wild lris species in Jordan, a simple rapid, time consuming protocol has been developed using plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in zygotic embryo culture on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid （8 mg/L） as the sole plant growth regulator, where both embryogenesis calli and somatic embryos were induced. Separation of embryos from embryo clusters was necessary to enhance the frequency of germination. Germination was stimulated by separation of embryos successfully from embryo clusters and transferred onto fresh MS medium. Data obtained were analyzed as a complete random design with three replications. Calli fragments that were transferred to embryogenesis induction medium （EIM） produced white embryo-like globular structures within two weeks. Within three more weeks, clusters of structures at various stages of development could be found on the same callus. The applied technique is rewarding and encouraging for further research on the endangered wild species of Iris in Jordan.     

藏系绵羊MSTN基因在不同年龄不同组织的表达定量研究

Dermatophyte infection or ringworm is a superficial cutaneous infection with one or more of the fungal species of the keratinophilic genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, or Epidermophyton and is a zoonosis with a great impact on public health. Dermatophytes were identified from rabbit sample cultures submitted to mycological examination in the Laboratory of Microbiology of the University of Tr~-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. All samples were collected from suspected clinical cases. Dermatophytes were cultured from 4 of the 55 specimens （7.3%）. The dermatophytes isolated were Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes （1.8%） and Microsporum gypseum （5.5%）. Microscopic examination was negative in all specimens. In this work, Scopulariopsis spp., a contaminant mould, was identified in 13 specimens （23.6%）. The proportion of positive samples in relation to the number of samples examined from cases suspected was very low. As all samples were collected from rabbits with compatible signs, we presume that the low prevalence of isolation was due to laboratory constraints on dermatophytes diagnosis.     

假设生成和任务结构对假设检验的影响

在"2-4-6"规则发现任务中,设置有无假设、有无列表和任务结构三个变量,考察任务结构和假设生成难度对假设检验成绩的影响,结果发现:有无列表主效应显著,但只有在无假设情况下有列表组成绩好于无列表组,有假设组中,有无列表效应不显著;任务结构和有无假设两个因素主效应都不显著;三种目标规则难度没有显著差异,但分别在有、无假设条件下三种规则难度表现出不同趋势的显著差异.这些结果说明:促进假设生成可以提高假设检验成绩,而任务结构对假设检验成绩的影响不显著;是否给被试提供最初假设对假设生成和目标规则难度具有调节作用,最终对假设检验成绩造成影响.

Abstract：

In order to explore the effects of hypothesis generation and task structure on hypothesis-testing,three factors were designed in this research: with or without hypothesis, with or without selective number list and structure of task. The experimental results showed that "with or without selective number list"had a significant main effect and the main effects of the other two factors were not significant. The difference of performance of the three target rules was not significant but the difference was significant in "with hypothesis" group and "without hypothesis" group. The results revealed that the performance of rule-discovery task could be improved if hypothesis-generation was facilitated. The structure of task had no effect on the performance of rule-discovery task. "With or without hypothesis" affected performance by modulating the effect of hypothesis-generation and the types of rule.