吉林农科院创建优质肉牛规范化技术体系

针对吉林省肉牛产业发展技术需求,吉林省农科院畜牧科学分院从肉牛遗传改良、高效繁育、精细化饲养、疫病防控、精深加工等关键环节,组成产学研联盟,开展技术攻关与集成示范,构建了支撑肉牛产业持续发展的技术体系。省农科院在创建优质肉牛规范化技术体系实施过程中,以副院长、研究员赵玉民为首的科研团队,利用分子设计育种和多性状基因聚合技术,挖掘出与草原红牛(肉用品系)和延黄牛生长发育、肉质性     

肉牛产业化高效养殖技术

作者综述了肉牛产业化体系的内容,分别从苜蓿生产技术、繁殖母牛饲养管理,育肥牛的饲养管理几个方面进行阐述,以期为肉牛生产者提高经济效益提供依据.     

肉牛的科学饲养管理与疾病预防

本文从肉牛的饲养管理、日粮营养与安全管理、环境卫生管理、疾病预防措施和疫情防范及紧急处理五个方面简述了肉牛的科学饲养与疾病预防,以期为建立科学的肉牛养殖技术体系提供理论基础。     

平顶山市肉牛生产调查研究

本文阐述了目前肉牛生产中存在的繁衣体系不规范、饲养规模小而少、饲草饲料开发利用普及面小、对饲养管理和疫病防治技术重视不够、育肥屠宰科技含量低等问题，导致肉牛生产整体水平低、质量差，产业化、规模化程度低的结果。从品种、饲养到育肥、屠宰加工，以满足市场需要和消费者对质量的要求为出发点，分析原因并提出了解决这些问题的基本思路。     

肉牛饲养管理过程中的技术解析

随着人民生活水平的不断提高和发展,社会主义现代化设施的逐步完善,畜禽饲养业也随着科学技术的进步逐步向规模化、标准化方向发展,同时,从事饲养畜禽的养殖人员也在不断地提高自身的科学饲养技术水平,努力学习畜牧业方面的科学技术知识,不断提升饲养管理技术能力。肉牛养殖在畜禽养殖业中占有重要地位,在饲养肉牛的过程中遇到的技术问题,应采用科学的技术方法,改善肉牛饲养管理过程中错误的、传统的饲养方式,提高饲养肉牛的养殖效益,减少饲养成本,增加饲养肉牛的收益。现对肉牛的场址选择、品种选择、饲养方式、育肥工作、饲养场的消毒和防疫免疫方面进行阐述,为提高肉牛饲养管理工作提供参考。     

浅谈肉牛养殖技术

影响肉牛生产性能的因素很多,只有通过科学的饲养管理,才能提高饲养肉牛的经济效益.从牛舍的建造、母牛的发情与配种、妊娠母牛和犊牛的饲养管理、肉牛育肥、牛病的防治等方面进行了阐述,以期为肉牛养殖提供参考.     

提高肉牛肥育效果的技术措施

肉牛肥育受品种、饲养、管理等诸多因素影响。现就肉牛肥育过程中对其品种、性别、年龄、体形的选择及饲养管理等技术措施进行阐述。     

浅谈肉牛养殖技术

影响肉牛生产性能的因素很多，只有通过科学的饲养管理，才能提高饲养肉牛的经济效益。从牛舍的建造、母牛的发情与配种、妊娠母牛和犊牛的饲养管理、肉牛育肥、牛病的防治等方面进行了阐述，以期为肉牛养殖提供参考。     

澳大利亚肉牛业发展特点以及对我国肉牛业的启示

本文简要介绍了澳大利亚肉牛业的发展现状及其成功经验,着重对良种繁育体系、产品质量安全体系、养殖管理技术、行业协会的作用进行论述,并对我国的肉牛业发展中的地方牛种资源肉用性能选育、肉牛饲养管理水平、高档牛肉和普通牛肉同步发展、牛肉质量安全管理、行业协会等组织作用、开拓消费和出口市场提出建议。     

提高肉牛育肥效果的途径

近年来,随着全国性“肉牛热”的兴起,群众性的季节性育肥肉牛和短期育肥肉牛已成热门,肉牛已跻居与奶牛、生猪等经济家畜同等重要地位,肉牛生产在支柱性产业牛的重要地位已被人们所认识,并逐步由传统饲养向科学化饲养转变,由分散性饲养向专业化、规模化饲养转变.为此,如何利用现代科学养牛技术指导肉牛生产,缩短育肥期,提高增重速度,降低饲养成本,提高经济效益,是肉牛育肥者迫切需要了解和掌握的问题.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.