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1.
American cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] grown in India belongs to the race Latifolium. It is prone to bollworms [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Erias vitella (Fabricius), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)] infestation which causes considerable crop loss. Two breeding lines ‘Bikaneri (BN)‐arboreum (ARB)‐16’ and ‘BN‐tomentosum (TOM)‐277’ are cytoplasmic diverse genetic stocks. They were developed by crossing experimental lines ‘Delta Branch Experiment Station (DES)‐ARB16’ and ‘DES‐TOM277’ (non‐recurrent parents) with G. hirsutum‘BN’ (recurrent parent). Compared with BN these stocks possessed higher amount of gossypol, flavonol and phenol contents in leaves, stem and square. Plants were tolerant to bollworms and inherited comparable agronomic properties (yield, boll weight, plant height, number of monopods and sympods and fibre quality). Cotton breeders can use these lines for breeding cotton resistant to bollworm.  相似文献   

2.
To date,genetic maps have been developed from interspecific crosses between Gossypium hirsuturn × G.barbadense and G.hirsutum × G.tomentosum.In this research,an F2 population was developed from an interspecific cross between G.hirsutum × G.mustelinum.A genetic linkage map was constructed by using two kinds of molecular markers,namely Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).The similarities and differences between this and other published interspecific maps will be presented.  相似文献   

3.
自然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白(NRAMP)家族是跨膜转运蛋白家族,参与多种金属离子的转运过程。为了更好了解棉花NRAMP基因的成员和特征,二倍体和四倍体棉花之间的进化关系,本研究利用二倍体亚洲棉、雷蒙德棉和陆地棉基因组的氨基酸序列对三个棉种中的NRAMP家族成员进行鉴定,分析了NRAMP家族的种类、理化性质、进化关系、基因结构、蛋白基序、染色体定位、共线性关系和选择压力。结果显示,在二倍体亚洲棉基因组(A)中确定12个成员,在二倍体雷蒙德棉基因组(D)中确定15个成员,在四倍体陆地棉基因组(At, Dt)中确定23个成员。按照进化关系的远近将这50个成员分为3个亚类,进化关系较近的成员之间具有更为相似的理化性质、基因结构和蛋白质基序;通过和其他植物的进化关系分析发现,NRAMP基因在单子叶和双子叶植物分离前已经产生;染色体定位发现NRAMP在染色体上的分布并不规律;共线性分析和选择压力分析表明,片段复制在棉花NRAMP基因的遗传进化过程中发挥主导作用,同源基因对在进化过程中处于纯化选择。  相似文献   

4.
《棉花学报》2002,14(Z1):74
  相似文献   

5.
磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白(phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins,PEBP)基因家族广泛存在于真核生物中,在被子植物中主要起着促进或抑制开花和控制株型的作用。利用亚洲棉(Gossypium arboreum,A2)和雷蒙德氏棉(Gossypium raimondii,D5)的基因组数据库,分别搜索到8个棉花PEBP同源基因,都包含4个外显子和3个内含子,编码的蛋白都存在PEBP家族的保守基序和关键氨基酸位点,表明二倍体棉花中至少存在8个PEBP家族基因。进化分析表明,8个PEBP基因分属于3个亚家族,含FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)-like亚家族1个、TERMINAL FLOWER 1(TFL1)-like亚家族5个(包括3个TFL1和2个BFT)、MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1(MFT)-like亚家族2个。实时荧光定量PCR分析陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)8个PEBP基因在根、茎、叶、幼苗顶端分生组织、花、胚珠和25 d的纤维组织中的表达,表明FT1在叶片中表达量最高,其次在纤维、胚珠和花中;MFT1在各组织中均表达,但在纤维中表达量最高,其次是花和叶片中,而MFT2以在叶片中表达为主;TFL1a、TFL1b和TFL1c均在根中表达量最高,但TFL1c在叶片、花和胚珠中也有相对较高的表达;BFT1和BFT2在叶片中表达量最高,但除幼苗顶端分生组织外,BFT1在其他各组织中的表达明显高于BFT2。这些结果表明,PEBP家族基因在棉花的生长发育中可能具有不同的功能。  相似文献   

6.
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.  相似文献   

7.
二倍体栽培棉45 S rDNA-FISH作图及核型比较   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
以45SrDNA为探针,获得了草棉体、亚洲棉体细胞染色体的荧光原位杂交(FISH)资料。从rDNA FISH实验结果看,草棉有6个杂交信号,也显示了3对核仁组织区(NOR),分别位于第3、9、13对同源染色体上;亚洲棉有4个杂交信号,显示了2对NOR,分别位于第6、13对同源染色体上。草棉、亚洲棉基于45SrDAN FISH的核型分别为:2n=2x=26=20m(4sat) 6sm(2sat)和2n=2x=26=26m(4sat)。  相似文献   

8.
冯克云 《中国农学通报》2006,22(12):181-181
用天然绿色棉GC1011(Gossypium hirsutum L.)和白色海岛棉324(Gossypium barbadense L.)配置杂交组合,F1各单株之间性状稳定一致,F2疯狂分离,经5年连续选择,获得了四个较稳定的杂种新品系,即G324-1、G324-6、324-15和324-24,其纤维品质优良,纤维天然绿色。纤维长度、衣分、及籽棉产量都比GC1011有所提高,其纤维长度分别为28.3mm、27.8mm、28.5mm、28.1mm,衣分分别为25.5%、25.2%、25.8%和28.4%,平均籽棉每公顷产量分别为4962kg、4936.5 kg、4929kg、和4956 kg,均超过了绿色棉亲本GC1011,并具有较强的抗枯萎病和抗蚜虫能力,可以在生产上推广应用。  相似文献   

9.
多药和有毒化合物排出(MATE)蛋白家族是1个次级转运蛋白家族。为了更好地了解亚洲棉和雷蒙德氏棉中MATE蛋白的种类和数量,利用2种二倍体棉花基因组的氨基酸和c DNA数据库对MATE基因家族进行筛选,并分析亚洲棉和雷蒙德氏棉全基因组中MATE基因的种类和进化关系。结果显示,在亚洲棉基因组中初步鉴定了34个MATE基因,而在雷蒙德氏棉中筛选出42个MATE基因。基因结构和系统进化的比较分析表明,进化关系近的MATE基因在结构上基本是一致的。同时对陆地棉中克隆的Gh TT12及与其同一族的部分MATE基因进行荧光定量分析,推测其所在同一族的MATE基因功能可能与转运原花青素有关。这些结果为进一步深入分析棉花MATE基因的功能以及在原花青素转运中的作用提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

10.
棉花海陆杂交纤维品质性状遗传参数分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为了研究棉花海陆杂交纤维品质性状的遗传规律,本试验采用5个陆地棉品种(系)作母本与5个海岛棉品种(系)杂交,配制25个杂交组合,随机区组试验设计,重复2次。主要检测杂交种F1代纤维品质性状,以小区平均数进行相应的方差分析及遗传参数估计。结果表明:陆地棉亲本间变异除马克隆值外,其他纤维品质性状均差异显著或极显著,而海岛棉亲本间除伸长率外,其他性状均存在显著或极显著差异;各纤维品质性状双亲互作效应均不显著。另外,遗传参数结果表明:绒长、比强度和马克隆值的遗传变异系数与表型变异系数变化趋势基本吻合,且均大于环境变异系数。整齐度和伸长率的遗传变异系数均小于环境变异系数,说明整齐度和伸长率的变异中环境因素的作用不容忽视。绒长、比强度和马克隆值的广义遗传率较高,在采用海陆杂交改良棉花纤维品质性状时,适宜在早代选择优异株系。  相似文献   

11.
李燕  姚金波  陈伟  张永山 《棉花学报》2016,28(5):434-442
TCP基因家族是植物中特有的一类转录因子家族,涉及了植物的多种生长途径以及各种生理生化反应的信号传导。为了更好地了解TCP基因家族在雷蒙德氏棉和亚洲棉基因组中的数量和分布情况等,通过生物信息学方法,在雷蒙德氏棉(D5)和亚洲棉(A2)全基因组中分别鉴定出37个TCP基因家族成员,并对TCP家族成员进行基因结构、染色体定位、保守域、进化关系等分析。结果表明,雷蒙德氏棉和亚洲棉全基因组分别编码37个TCP转录因子成员。雷蒙德氏棉30个成员基因分布在10条染色体上,亚洲棉37个成员基因分布在13条染色体上;内含子/外显子结构分析表明,TCP基因结构较为简单,大部分不含内含子;功能结构域分析,发现所有TCP转录因子具有高度保守的TCP结构域;根据结构域差异和系统发育分析的结果,将TCP基因家族分成2个亚族,进一步划分为PCF、CIN、CYC/TB1三个亚类。以上结果为进一步研究棉花TCP基因家族各成员的功能奠定一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

12.
棉属种子蛋白质组分的差异变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
棉属种子蛋白SDS─PAGE分析结果表明,棉花种子蛋白质主要由46KD、41KD、30KD、27KD、23KD、16KD、14KD蛋白质组分构成。蛋白质组分及其相对含量差异显著,A型染色体组棉花含34KD蛋白质组分,(AD)型染色体组的含18KD蛋白组分,因此,依据种子蛋白质组分差异可进行棉花系统分类。  相似文献   

13.
棉属的遗传致死   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
棉属遗传致死主要发生在与戴维逊氏棉、克劳茨基棉和拟似棉的杂种中,通过不致死的隐性突变材料已将戴维逊氏棉的致死基因导入法地棉、海岛棉和亚洲棉。目前利用遗传致死主要有两个方案:(1)遗传隔离;(2)消除杂种与产生单倍体。后一方案是结合棉花半配合特性拟就的。本文较全面评述了棉花遗传致死,同时就几个植得深化研究的领域作了探讨。  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to induce embryogenic callus from various cultivars of cotton in tissue culture, so that a stable and efficient regeneration system could be developed to produce new cotton varieties for cultivation in Xinjiang. The explant materials were hypocotyls of the main cotton cultivars grown in Xinjiang, i. e. Xinhai 25, Xinhai 16, Xinluzao 39, and Xinluzao 42. We tested the effects of different combinations of two hormones (kinetin, KT; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D) on induction of callus from these explants. Calli were produced by the explants under four different combinations of hormones in the media. The optimal hormone combination to induce callus from Gossypium hirsutum explants was 0.1 mg·L-1 KT + 0.05 mg·L-1 2,4-D, while that to induce callus from Gossypium barbadense explants was 0.1 mg·L-1 KT + 0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D. Hormone-free medium and medium containing double to the normal concentration of KNO3 promoted the emergence of embryogenic callus. Filter paper placed under the medium promoted somatic embryo growth and regeneration of the root system. The differentiation and embryogenesis processes occurred more rapidly in G. hirsutum explants than those in G. barbadense explants. Using this protocol, normal plantlets of these cotton cultivars with strong roots were produced within 10 to 12 months. These methods could be used to increase the number of cotton genotypes that can be regenerated in tissue culture.  相似文献   

15.
基于45S rDNA和雷蒙德氏棉gDNA为探针的草棉FISH核型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 草棉基于荧光原位杂交(FISH)的核型公式为2n = 2x = 26 = 16m + 10sm (6 sat),短臂和长臂的相对长度分别为1.43~4.14和3.34~5.18,染色体长度比(最长与最短染色体的比值)是1.63。染色体组有6个随体,都定位在最后3条染色体的短臂上,其中位于第12和第13号染色体的随体在DAPI和罗丹明镜像中明显可见,但位于第11号染色体的随体在DAPI镜像中观察不到。检测到6个(3对)NOR信号,与随体同位,1对位于染色体端粒,2对紧接着丝粒。雷蒙德氏棉基因组DNA(gDNA)作探针时,在体细胞染色体上检测到GISH-NOR,其数量、位置和大小与45S探针的NOR相同,说明FISH核型比以前常规核型(非FISH核型)更精确。结合本试验室其它FISH资料,推断A基因组棉种在作为供体形成异源四倍体棉种以来,一些串连重复序列如rDNA可能发生了很大变化,包括扩增、易位或缺失等。对于D基因组特有的GISH-NOR的一个可能解释,就是D基因组棉种的rDNA拷贝数远远多于A基因组棉种。NOR或者GISH-NOR位点等方面的进一步研究,有助于探讨rDNA基因进化和功能,并作为一种标记应用于棉属构建染色体序号定位的物理图谱。  相似文献   

16.
朱协飞  王鹏  司占峰  张天真 《作物学报》2017,43(12):1784-1790
棉花产量分为籽棉产量和皮棉产量,其中高皮棉产量总是育种的首要目标。皮棉产量由单株铃数、衣分、单铃重等因素组成。其中衣分在各因素中的遗传率最高,同时也是产量育种中重要的选择指标。育种中利用分离群体对单株铃数、铃重等产量性状选择受环境影响较大。利用染色体片段导入系进行铃数、铃重等产量性状的定位,定向改良产量性状,是棉花分子设计育种的有效方法。本研究利用陆地棉TM-1为轮回亲本和海岛棉海7124为非轮回亲本构建了一套陆地棉背景的染色体片段导入系,并在7个环境的田间试验下,鉴定了它们的产量表现,定位了28个与单株铃数、铃重、衣分和籽指相关的QTL。其中,在Dt亚组染色体上鉴定出的产量性状QTL多于在At亚组染色体上鉴定出的。28个QTL中,加性效应为正的16个,加性效应为负的12个,表明海岛棉不同的导入片段效应不同,有的片段可以提高陆地棉产量,有的则降低陆地棉产量。在6个环境下,导入系IL008(特征标记NAU2573和NAU3576)的衣分均显著高于轮回亲本TM-1,因此IL008可以应用于棉花分子育种,定向改良陆地棉的衣分。  相似文献   

17.
[Objective] The MAPKKK gene family plays an important regulating role in response to multiple abiotic stresses and the development of plant. This study aims to identify MAPKKK genes of Gossypium raimondii and analyze their functions. [Method] In this study, based on G. raimondii genome database and bioinformatics method, G. raimondii MAPKKK family genes were identified and analyzed. Using the MEGA5, GSDS and Mapchart program, the phylogenetic tree, gene structure and chromosomes location analyses were accomplished. Based on the existing microarray data in cotton and comparative profiles of these MAPKKK genes, different expression of them in multiple abiotic stresses and the expression at different cotton fiber developmental stages were analyzed. [Result] A sum of 114 MAPKKK genes were identified systematically in G. raimondii and classified into 3 subfamilies (Raf, ZIK and MEKK) according to the gene stucture and phylogenetic tree analyses. They were distributed on all the 13 chromosomes of G. raimondii, and segmental duplication and tandem duplication events may have occurred. Compared with the recently released 78 genes of G. raimondii MAPKKK family genes, 47 sequences are exactly the same ones. [Conclusion] The results are helpful to understand the evolution and function of MAPKKK gene family. Our results provide a foundation for future functional characterizations of MAPKKK genes in cotton and probably other Gossypium plants.  相似文献   

18.
Summary With in vitro culture of ovules, interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an otherwise incompatible cross between a diploid (Gossypium arboreum) and a tetraploid (G. hirsutum) cultivated cotton. The early abortion of the embryo was prevented by repeated treatment of the flowers, immediately after pollination with a solution of gibberellic acid and naphthalene acetic acid. The ovules excised three days after pollination and cultured in a liquid medium underwent profuse proliferation, whereas on an agar-solidified medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate, indoleacetic acid and kinetin they germinated to form hybrid plants.  相似文献   

19.
采用叶片棉球定位鉴定法,初步鉴定并评价了半野生棉和亚洲棉对草甘膦的自然抗性,结果表明:参试材料抗性水平从高抗至高感分6级,极端抗性水平相差33.3倍(0.2%对0.006%)。其中,半野生棉对草甘膦的自然抗性分级丰富,抗性水平分布自高抗至高感;但大部分半野生棉不耐草甘膦,近86%(346份)的材料抗性水平处于低耐级别以下。而亚洲棉抗性水平都处于高抗至低耐的4个级别,抗性多样性较差,但整体抗性水平较高,70.3%(71份)表现为耐或以上级别。从半野生棉和亚洲棉中分别筛选到2份和5份高抗材料,半野生棉中有1份高感材料,亚洲棉中无对草甘膦敏感材料。本研究报道的极端材料为棉花草甘膦抗性遗传机制研究、新品种的培育、内源抗性基因的挖掘和感抗机理研究,奠定了良好的材料基础。  相似文献   

20.
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