槽式太阳能集热器设计研究

指出了槽式太阳能热发电技术核心在于通过聚光集热器将太阳能转换为热能将水加热成过热蒸汽。从聚光集热着手,分析了槽形抛物面的光孔面上直射辐照度的计算方法,对集热器的有用能量收益及热损进行了研究,为槽式太阳能集热器设计提供了依据。     

太阳能聚光应用聚光倍数上限探讨

本文介绍了太阳能聚光应用、聚光倍数的相关定义及推导过程。通过推导得出一维聚光倍数上限大约为214.6倍;二维聚光倍数上限大约为46049.6倍。并介绍了影响实际聚光倍数的因素。     

海洋温差发电技术的现状及其商业化可行性探讨

对海洋温差能发电技术的基本原理、类型、系统与装置,以及发展历史和现状作了全面的综述。探讨了海洋温差发电商业化的技术可行性及其带来的环境影响和成本预测。     

闪蒸余热发电技术

蒸汽／热水闪蒸复合发电技术是一种能最大限度地利用中、低温余热的纯余热利用型发电技术。该技术主要以200℃～500℃的低温废气作为热源，通过余热锅炉生产出过热蒸汽和一定量的饱和水，将常规发电系统无法利用的部分低品位低温热能，通过闪蒸系统生产出饱和蒸汽，与过热蒸汽一起进入多参数汽轮机作功发电，从而增加余热发电功率。该技术可比常规技术多发电10％左右。     

大规模分布式光伏发电对电力系统的影响

为进一步发挥清洁资源的优势作用,光伏发电被广泛应用在电力系统中,然而,大规模分布式光伏发电会对电力系统产生不同程度的影响,需要从系统长远发展角度出发,匹配更加科学合理的消纳技术,实现经济效益和环保效益的和谐统一。简要介绍了光伏发电,并从电力系统规划、调度、控制等方面分析了大规模分布式光伏发电对电力系统产生的影响,最后对消纳方式提出了几点建议。     

“梅花聚能管”实现太阳能技术革命性突破

科学合理地利用能源，提高能源利用效率，对节能减排也十分重要。北京天普太阳能工业有限公司推出自主研发的“异形内管真空集热器”通过曲面聚光技术大幅度增加真空管聚光及采光面积，从而提高热效率。据专家测算，由于曲面真空管大幅度增加了采光面积，其热效率能提升一个量级。因内管管壁造型酷似梅花，所以被命名为“梅花聚能管”。     

新型的全天候风力发电系统研究

介绍了国内风电外研究现状，提出了一种新型的全天候风能发电系统，该系统可以利用某地区的盛行风，利用特殊的喇叭形风能收集器产生高压气，通过汽轮发电机组进行发电，并分析了该系统的原理和技术方案，确保全天候长期稳定的输出大功率的电能。     

库布齐沙漠光伏发电提水灌溉控制研究

指出了太阳能光伏发电提水系统是光伏应用的一个领域。该系统的跨学科吸引了许多研究人员进行研究,这使得该系统更高效并且可以更好地满足各种用户的需求。库布其沙漠位于内蒙古西部,降水稀少,但由于靠近黄河,地下水位较高,水质较好,可作为灌溉水源。因此,光伏抽水灌溉在库布其沙漠具有广阔的发展前景。基于此,综合运用光伏发电技术、PLC控制技术、变频调速技术和组态监控技术,实现了库布其沙漠地区灌溉控制的设计。     

压电发电技术的现状及展望

探讨了压电发电技术的研究价值及发展前景,参考了国内外众多压电发电技术方面的研究资料,并对其进行综合的比较研究.介绍了当今能源利用的现状,压电发电技术的特点及国内外利用新型压电材料发电的研究现状,从理论和实践上证明了压电发电技术的可行性及发展潜力,探讨了压电发电技术在微能源器件、自供电及旋转机械方面的发展趋势.     

水冷振动炉排秸秆锅炉调研情况

通过调研把生物质水冷振动炉排锅炉和点火系统以及输料和给料系统情况记录下来,帮助以后对秸秆发电技术的设计和改进。     

四川省退耕还林碳汇潜力预测研究

通过调研四川省退耕还林工程实施现状，建立模型，预测未来60 a 四川省退耕还林工程的碳汇潜力。采用经由森林清查人工林历史生长数据拟合的里查德方程（Richards equation）进行分树种生长量预测，依据文献调研所得有关参数计算相应的生物碳储量，结合碳排放、碳基线和碳泄漏的分析与估算，得出四川省退耕还林工程未来60 a碳汇量。     

Negotiating a political path to agroforestry through the Conservation Security Program

Temperate agroforestry systems have faced obstacles to adoption despite their multiple environmental, economic, and social benefits. In part, these obstacles derive from the typically small scale of agroforestry systems relative to large-scale mainstream grain agriculture, which in the US is supported by strong commodity subsidies. One promising option for promoting agroforestry on a policy level, and thus for making it more appealing to landowners, is the Conservation Security Program (CSP), which provides payments to farmers for sustainable conservation practices on working lands. CSP was first passed in 2002 and has many supporters; however it has also faced opposition, delays in implementation and funding caps. CSP proponents have thus promoted its expansion in current and future Farm Bills. Since CSP is one part of the Farm Bill clearly suited to promoting agroforestry practices, supporters of agroforestry should consider joining coalitions around CSP to ensure that it includes explicit provisions for advancing agroforestry. In addition, CSP and agroforestry proponents alike should develop a strategic plan to market the expansion of CSP to policy makers. Specifically, a broad and strong coalition based on ideological common ground (e.g., attention to the notion of a family farmer) and on situational factors (e.g., potential international pressure from the World Trade Organization to reduce commodity subsidies) might be sufficient to push CSP into an expanded role in current and future Farm Bills.

A two-variable model for predicting the effects of moisture content and density on compressive strength parallel to the grain for moso bamboo

It is well known that mechanical performances of bamboos are significantly affected by moisture content (MC) and specific density. However, until now, no published studies have attempted to combine these two factors into one predictive model. In this paper, a two-variable model for predicting the combined effects of MC and specific density on compressive strength parallel to the grain (CSP) for moso bamboo was established and validated. The results show that the two-variable model is capable of predicting the CSP for bamboos of variable density and MC with significantly higher accuracy than either of the single-variable models. It is envisioned that this model could play an important role in supporting non-destructive evaluations of bamboos mechanical properties, greatly enhancing the potential applications of bamboo-based engineered products in commercial fields.     

Vegetation community responses to different establishment regimes in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in southern MS,USA

Management treatments involving multiple herbicide applications are standard procedure on most industrial pine plantation sites in the southern USA, raising concerns about biodiversity impairment. Management decisions impact not only plant communities but also the habitat potential they create for wildlife. We tested the effects of five intensities of stand establishment treatments on vegetation communities in loblolly pine plantations (n = 4) to age 5 in the Middle Coastal Plain (MCP) of Mississippi. Measurements were species richness, diversity, coverage, and community composition. Treatments were combinations of mechanical site preparation (MSP), chemical site preparation (CSP), and herbaceous weed control (HWC) both banded or broadcast for 1 or 2 years using the same herbicide mixtures. Tree richness and diversity were reduced by increasing treatment intensity; tree coverage, which included crop and non-crop trees, was less in moderate-intensity treatments. Vine richness and coverage were less in more intensive treatments, but 2 diversity indices differed on whether vine diversity was likewise affected. Richness and coverage of forbs and graminoids was lessened by broadcast HWC, with effects mostly limited to the year of application. Plant communities differed in all 5 years, with CSP acting as the primary factor for years 2–5. Early seral communities were favored by CSP, but broadcast HWC suppressed resulting herbaceous plants. Though CSP may somewhat reduce stand-level plant diversity, it may increase overall biodiversity within plantation-dominated landscapes by creating early succession plant communities that enhance wildlife habitat.     

Structure of causation and its influence on cooperation: A comparative study of forest management in Ontario, Canada

The paper uses cause mapping and structural analysis to analyse how key consensus-building criteria influence the development of cooperation among and between stakeholders and a government agency. The analyses are based on a comparative study of two Local Citizens Committees (LCCs) in Ontario, Canada. Given–Means–Ends (GME) analysis is used to identify the informal goals of LCCs, including the development of cooperation, and LCCs' influence over consensus-building criteria, and Context, Structure and Performance (CSP) analysis is used to identify the relative influence of key consensus-building criteria on cooperation criteria. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relationship between the structural analysis and content analysis of the same data and four inferences for consensus-building and co-management theories.     

川北地震灾区不同植被恢复模式对土壤抗蚀性的影响

以川北地震灾区不同植被恢复模式（慈竹林、茶树林、喜树林、柳杉林和农耕地）为对象,研究土壤抗蚀性,并探讨土壤有机质与抗蚀性指标之间的关系。结果表明：植被恢复后水稳性团聚体平均重量直径、结构性颗粒指数、团聚状况和团聚度增加,土壤结构体破坏率、不稳定团粒指数、分散率、侵蚀系数和受蚀性指数降低;不同植被恢复模式土壤抗蚀性综合主成分值呈现出慈竹林〉茶树林〉喜树林〉柳杉林〉农耕地的规律;土壤有机质与绝大多数土壤抗蚀性指标呈显著相关。说明土壤有机质能较好地表征土壤抗蚀性,慈竹林对于提高研究区土壤抗蚀性具有重要的作用和意义。     

Modeling analysis of potential carbon sequestration under existing agroforestry systems in three districts of Indo-gangetic plains in India

The Indo-gangetic plains (IGP) in India occupies 13 % of the total geographical area and produces 50 % of total food grain to feed 40 % population of the country. Dynamic CO2FIX model v3.1 has been used to assess the baseline (2011) carbon and to estimate the carbon sequestration potential (CSP) of agroforestry systems (AFS) for a simulation period of 30 years in three districts viz. Ludhiana (upper IGP in Punjab), Sultanpur (middle IGP in Uttar Pradesh) and Uttar Dinajpur (lower IGP in West Bengal) respectively. The estimated numbers of trees existing in farmer’s field on per hectare basis in these districts were 37.95, 6.14 and 6.20, respectively. The baseline standing biomass in the tree components varied from 2.45 to 2.88 Mg DM ha^?1 and the total biomass (tree + crop) from 11.14 to 25.97 Mg DM ha^?1 in the three districts. The soil organic carbon in the baseline ranged from 8.13 to 9.12 Mg C ha^?1 and is expected to increase from 8.63 to 24.51 Mg C ha^?1. The CSP of existing AFS (for 30 years simulation) has been estimated to the tune of 0.111, 0.126 and 0.551 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1 for Sultanpur, Dinajpur and Ludhiana districts, respectively. CSP of AFS increases with increasing tree density per hectare. Site specific climatic parameters like monthly temperature, annual precipitation and evapotranspiration also moderates the CSP of AFS. The preliminary estimates of the area under AFS’s were 2.06 % (3,256 ha), 2.08 % (6,440 ha) and 12.69 % (38,860 ha) in Sultanpur, Dinajpur and Ludhiana respectively.     

Bird community responses to a gradient of site preparation intensities in pine plantations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina

Although intensively managed pine forests are common in the southeastern US, few studies describe how combinations of mechanical (MSP) and chemical site preparation (CSP) and herbaceous weed control (HWC) techniques affect bird communities that use early successional habitats within young pine forests. Therefore, we examined effects of six treatments of increasing management intensity via combinations of MSP (strip-shear and wide spacing or roller chop and narrow spacing) and CSP (application or no application) treatments with banded or broadcast HWC on bird communities in six loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA, for 8 years following site preparation. Wide pine spacing and strip-shear MSP increased bird abundance and species richness over narrow spacing and chopped MSP for 6 years after planting. Chemical SP reduced bird abundance in year 2, increased bird abundance in year 6, had no effect on abundance after year 7, and did not affect species richness in any year. Total bird abundance and species richness were similar between banded and broadcast HWC. Site preparation and HWC had no effect on bird diversity and bird communities were most similar in treatments of similar intensity. Site preparation and HWC had few or no effects on birds based upon migratory status, habitat association, or conservation value. The addition of chemical site preparation or HWC had little effect on birds beyond pine spacing, and bird abundance was not proportional to management intensity. Although we observed treatment effects, all treatments provided habitat used by a variety of bird species, and pine plantations may play an increasingly important role in bird conservation as forests become fragmented and converted to other land uses and as natural processes that create early successional habitat, such as fire, are suppressed.     

工厂供电系统无功补偿问题研究

主要对工厂供电系统无功补偿问题进行研究分析,以及利用无功补偿来提高工厂供电系统功率因数的方法和途径。设法提高供电系统的功率因数以提高电能质量,保证供电可靠性,实现工厂供电系统的高效节能运行,提高工厂的综合生产效率和经济性。     

零锯料角木工锯子的初步研究

从影响锯切功率的齿距、齿槽面积以及锯料量三个因素入手，对零锯料角木工锯子的切削性能进行了研究。分析了这三个因素使零锯料角木工锯子锯切功率降低的机理，并用有关实验加以证明。其结论是，在相同的锯切条件下，零锯料角木工锯子的锯切功率小于现有传统木工锯子。