日粮中添加蜂花粉对塞北兔生殖激素的影响

为探讨日粮中蜂花粉的添加量对塞北兔生殖激素水平的影响,试验选用7～8月龄、体重为4 kg左右的公兔48只随机分为4组,每组12只,第1组为对照组,仅饲喂基础日粮,第2,3,4组饲喂添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%蜂花粉的日粮,试验期为60 d。结果表明:日粮中添加1.5%蜂花粉能提高塞北种公兔促卵泡素(FSH)浓度水平,促黄体素(LH)、血浆睾酮(T)水平也有升高趋势,其中精液量、精液密度、精子活率均与FSH呈显著正相关(P<0.05),精子畸形率与T水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),T和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)呈显著正相关(P<0.05);精液量、精子活率和精液密度与LH呈负相关。说明精液量和精子活率可以作为评定精液品质的重要指标,FSH是评定精液品质的主要生殖激素。     

黑白花种公牛睾丸周径与血浆睾酮、雄烯二酮和皮质醇的关系及对精液品质的影响

将北京公牛站的33头黑白花公牛按年龄分为3组,其中A组(1～2岁)、B组(2～4岁)和C组(4岁以上),每组各11头。详细检查并记录一个月内每头公牛每次采精的精液品质(射精量、精子密度、总精子数及活率)。试验结束时,逐一做睾丸周径测量、质地检查,并做颈静脉采血,测定睾酮、雄烯二酮和皮质醇的含量。计算各项指标的平均值,进行显著性测定、相关测定及多重比较分析。结果表明,B组和C组与A组的睾丸周径有极显著差异(P<0.01);B组和C组的射精量和总精子数与A组也有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01);B组和C组外周血液中睾酮水平与A组也有极显著差异(P<0.01);其余各项指标的组间差异不显著。睾丸周径与各组公牛的射精量、精子密度和总精子数之间存在正相关(r=0.11～0.54);睾丸周径与睾酮浓度在A组和C组中为正相关(r=0.49,r=0.42);睾丸周径与雄烯二酮和皮质醇浓度无固定相关关系。     

雪峰乌骨鸡精液质量分析

为了研究雪峰乌骨鸡公鸡的繁殖性能,对32周龄和40周龄的白羽、黄羽公鸡精液颜色、密度、射精量、活力,以及白羽、黄羽公鸡21批次受精率等指标进行测定与分析。结果表明:不同周龄、羽色公鸡精液颜色、精子密度、活力与射精量差异均不显著(P0.05)。随着周龄的增加,黄羽公鸡精液颜色更好、密度更大,射精量增加,精子活力增强;白羽公鸡射精量不变,精子平均活力呈降低的趋势;黄羽公鸡受精率极显著高于白羽公鸡(P0.01)。说明黄羽雪峰乌骨鸡精液质量与白羽雪峰乌骨鸡相比,随着周龄的变化表现出不同的优势,且黄羽公鸡受精率优于白羽公鸡。     

黔北麻羊精液品质分析

为了研究黔北麻羊精液品质,筛选优秀种公羊,准确地对黔北麻羊进行选种选配,试验选择2~4岁的黔北麻羊公羊9只,对其精液品质进行常规评定分析。结果表明:黔北麻羊公羊精液颜色为乳白色,略带膻味,pH值为6.5,射精量为(0.85±0.14)mL,精子活力为0.71±0.09,精子密度为(22.39±1.92)×109个/mL,精子畸形率为(5.96±1.52)%;多重比较分析发现,8903号和6543号公羊精液品质最好;密度与射精量呈显著正相关(P0.05),密度与活力呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。说明黔北麻羊公羊精液品质良好,各项指标均属正常范围,符合GB 20557—2006山羊精液标准,其中8903、6543号公羊可作为场区优秀种公羊安排配种任务。     

影响鸡人工授精受精率的因素及对策

1种公鸡的精液品质不合格　　公鸡个体之间存在着差异，射精量、精液浓度、精子活力、颜色都不尽相同。一般来说，射精量大的公鸡比射精量小的公鸡的精液合格率高。射精量大，但太稀、精子密度小，即使有足够的输精量也不能保证有足够的精子数量；精子不呈乳白色的也不能用，微黄色的精液不太稳定。同一只鸡的黄精液有时在镜下观察精子密度和活力都可以，但过几天又不行了，甚至精液的颜色也会变成乳白色；另外，采精时，精液被血、粪污染会造成精子死亡，混入尿液的精液会发生凝集反应，造成精子死亡；再者，不同公鸡的精液之间有时会不相…     

秦川牛公牛血浆睾酮17β一雌二醇的变化及其与一些种用特性关系的研究

本试验应用放射免疫技术测定了秦川牛公牛血浆睾酮、17β一雌二醇的变化水平,研究了这两种性激素水平之间以及与其体尺、体重、精液品质六项指标的关系,分析了4月令血浆睾酮水平不同的公牛后期生长发育(12月龄)、精液品质(23月龄)以及性激素水平不同的公牛后裔初生重的差异;并对性激素水平能否应用于公牛早期选种的问题进行了讨论。血浆睾酮、17β一雌二醇具有逐月龄增长、季节性差异的变化。两种激素水平之间无相关。11头青年公牛血浆睾酮的平均水平为4.44±3.22ng/ml,17β一雌二醇为45.02±8.13pg/ml,两者的比例为100∶1。血浆睾酮水平与精液量.精子活率、精子密度、精子存活指数均具有显著的(相关γ=0.6499、0.6245、0.7173、O。665,η=11),而17β一雌二醇与精液品质指标的相关不显著。公犊4月龄血浆睾酮水平与年均睾酮水平、16月龄睾酮水平,以及12月龄的体高、体长、胸围、管围、日增重呈显著或极显著的正相关[O.81(η=7)、0.92(η=5)、0.83、0.94、0.84、0.79 0.92(η=10)]。4月龄血浆睾酮水平高的公牛,后期生长发育快(12月龄),精液品质优(16月龄)。利用4月龄血浆睾酮水平对公牛后期若干主要种用性状进行早期选择可收到好的效果。测定公犊4月龄血浆睾酮水平,挑选其中水平高者留种,辅以外貌鉴定和血统分析,进行种公牛的早期选育,在理论和实践上都有深入探讨的价值。     

黔东南小香鸡种公鸡体重体型指数与精液品质的相关性研究

为了研究黔东南小香鸡种公鸡体重、体尺指标与精液品质的关系,本文选择30只400日龄健康黔东南小香鸡种公鸡,测定了其体重、体斜长及冠高等8项体尺指标和射精量等4项精液品质指标,并对体重和体尺指标与精液品质的相关性行了相关分析。结果显示:冠高与精液品质各个指标间有较弱负相关(P0.05);冠宽与射精量、密度、活力负相关,与精液pH值正相关(P0.05);体斜长、胫长与精液品质各指标正相关(P0.05);胸宽与射精量、精液pH值、密度负相关,与活力正相关(P0.05);胸深与射精量、活力负相关,与精液pH值、密度正相关(P0.05);体重与射精量、活力正相关,与精液pH值、密度负相关(P0.05);龙骨长与射精量、密度负相关,与精液pH值、活力正相关(P0.05);体型指数与射精量、活力均呈负相关(P0.05),与精液pH值显著负相关(P0.05)。     

影响鸡人工受精率的因素

１种公鸡的精液品系不合格公鸡个体之间存在着差异，射精量、精液浓度、精子活力、颜色都不尽相同，一般来说，射精量大的公鸡比射精量小的公鸡的精液合格率高。有的公鸡射精量大，但太稀，精子密度小，即使有足够的输精量也不能保证有足够的精子数量，这样的种公鸡不能用，不呈乳白色的精液一般不能用，微黄色的精液不太稳定，我在实践中遇到过这样的情况：同一只公鸡的黄精液有时在镜下观察，精子密度和活力都可以，但过几天又不行了。另外，采精时，精液被血、粪尿污染，会造成精子死亡。混入尿液的精液会发生凝聚反应，造成精子死亡。再…     

血清、精清中锌和睾酮含量与种公牛精液品质的关系

对9头种公牛连续测定5次血清、精清中锌和睾酮的浓度,研究了锌、睾酮和精液品质的相互关系。结果表明,血、精清中的锌和睾酮含量呈正相关(P<0.01),血、精清锌与精液 冻后活力和顶体完整率呈正相关(P<0.01),与精子畸形率呈弱负相关(P<0.05)。精液品质与血、精清中睾酮浓度呈正相关。     

不同采精阶段对后备北极公狐的射精量、精子活力及密度的影响

采用后备北极公狐在配种期内用６个阶段的采精频率检测公狐精液的采出率、射精量、精子活力和密度。精液采出率以３月下旬和４月上旬最高,极显著地高于３月上旬（Ｐ＜００１）;射精量以３月下旬和４月上旬最高,３月上、中旬最低（Ｐ＜００５）;精子活力以４月上旬最高,极显著地高于４月下旬（Ｐ＜００１）,但４月上旬与其他阶段差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）;精子密度以３月中旬和４月中旬最大,３月下旬最低,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明,不同的采精阶段对后备公狐的射精量、精子活力和密度均有一定的影响,尤其对后备公狐发情开始和接近结束阶段的影响更大。     

Tunica dartos index as a parameter for measurement of adaptability of rams to subtropical conditions of Egypt

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of hot summer climatic conditions (compared to winter) on the libido, semen quality traits, level of serum testosterone hormone and some physiological and body measurements of Egyptian Suffolk rams. A parameter for the tolerance of the rams to adverse hot climatic conditions, designated as the tunica dartos index (TDI), was estimated as the multiplication of the percentage change in scrotal length and that of the percentage difference between rectal temperature and scrotal skin temperature. The relationships between the TDI and semen characteristics were also estimated. The results showed that in summer, the reaction time, pH, percentage dead and abnormal spermatozoa, acrosomal damage and temperatures of rectum, body skin and scrotal skin and scrotal length were significantly higher, while sperm motility, sperm concentration, scrotal circumference and testis length were significantly lower than in winter. The correlation coefficient (r) values estimated between the TDI and each of the semen pH, ejaculate volume, sperm motility and sperm cell concentration were positive, and those estimated between the TDI and each of the reaction time, dead and abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal damage were negative. The best values of libido (low reaction time), semen pH, semen motility percentage, sperm cell concentration and testosterone level were recorded with a high TDI level (7.5 and more), while those of percentage of dead spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damage were recorded with a low TDI level (less than 4.5). It can be concluded that the TDI correlates well with the reproductive ability of the ram and can be a reliable parameter to indicate the tolerance of rams to hot subtropical conditions in Egypt.     

Plasma Hormone Levels and Semen Quality in Male Cats during Non-Breeding and Breeding Seasons

Female cats are known to be seasonal breeders and male cats annual breeders. Despite this, there are limited data on the influence of breeding season (BS) on hormone concentration and semen quality in the male cat. This study compared plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone (T), and semen quality during the non-breeding season (NBS) and BS in five male cats subject to natural hours of daylight but a constant environmental temperature. Plasma LH and T concentrations were higher during the BS in 2/35 and 3/5 cats, respectively, although when comparing both hormones combined, values were higher during the BS than the NBS in all cats (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the percentage of abnormal sperm between the cats. Overall, semen quality was superior during the BS with larger semen volume in 2/5, sperm motility in 2/5 and sperm viability in 3/5 cats. Although there was a clear seasonal effect on hormone secretion and semen quality, during the NBS all cats were likely to have been fertile.     

Phenotypic Correlations of Testes Size with Semen Traits and the Productive Traits of Young Boars

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship of young boar testes size with semen traits and with productive traits. The dimensions (length, width and volume) of each testis and semen traits (semen volume, percentage of sperm with progressive motility, sperm concentration, total number of sperm in semen, percentage of sperm with normal acrosome, percentage of sperm with major and minor morphological defects, osmotic resistance test value and activity of aspartate aminotransferase in seminal plasma) were determined on 120 young boars aged 6 months. At 180 day of age, the boars backfat thickness and leanness (by ultrasonic apparatus) and body weight were also measured. The average daily gain was determined in the period from 70 to 180 days of age of the boars. The results showed that the sperm concentration, total number of sperm in semen and percentage of progressive motile sperm were a significantly positively correlated with width and volume of the left (p ≤ 0.01) and right testis (p ≤ 0.05) and with total volume of both testes (p ≤ 0.01). But the highest values of correlation coefficients were found between the width of the left testis and sperm concentration, total number of sperm in semen and percentage of progressive motile sperm. A correlations of dimensions (length and width) and volume of testes with other semen traits were very low and statistically non‐significant. The volume of testes (left and right testis and total testes) was significantly positively correlated with body weight at 180 days of age and daily gain (p ≤ 0.01), but lower correlation coefficient was between left testis and daily gain (p ≤ 0.05), whereas correlations were low and non‐significant with leanness and backfat thickness.     

不同季节肉用种公牛精液品质与生理常值、血清及精清生化指标相关关系研究

以利木赞和夏洛来种公牛为试验牛，研究不同季节对其精液品质、冻精产量、生理常值、血清及精清生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）与其它季节相比，夏季肉用种公牛的原精活力、冻精活力、活精于百分数、顶体完整率均显著降低，而精于畸形率显著升高（P〈0．05）。精子密度以秋季最低。（2）冻精产量夏季处于最低水平，平均每月仅为7388支。（3）夏季肉用种公牛的血清LH、睾酮、T3、皮质醇的含量分别为48．12、4．15、1．11、4．89ng／L，显著低于春、秋、冬季（P〈0．01）。（4）夏季肉用种公牛血清钠、钾、钙、镁均处于最低水平，显著低于其它季节（P〈0．01）。（5）夏季肉用种公牛精清睾酮水平明显下降，显著低于春季、秋季和冬季。（6）精清钠、钾、钙夏季含量最低，分别为83．12mmol／L、18，77mmol／L和4．63mmol／L；精清镁含量由春季至秋季呈显著下降趋势；精清磷含量夏季最高，为4．65mmol／L，显著高于春季、秋季和冬季。（7）肉用种公牛精清ALP夏季含量为1784．3U／L，显著高于春、秋两季，但低于冬季。（8）精清睾酮与精液品质各指标存在显著相关；血清生化指标与精清生化指标存在显著相关；直肠温度、呼吸频率与精液品质及血清生化指标存在显著相关性，与精清生化指标相关性不大。     

Semen traits and seminal plasma biochemical parameters in white leghorn layer breeders

This study was designed to determine the semen quality and seminal plasma biochemical parameters in White Leghorn layer breeders in the early phase of maturity. Individual ejaculates from 25 males were analysed for the determination of volume, sperm concentration, dead sperm percentage (DS) and sperm motility. Seminal plasma was separated and analysed for total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase, ceruloplasmin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Our findings showed a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between TOS and DS in layer breeders. The values of TAC were significantly negatively correlated with TOS and DS, while positively correlated with PON1. Conversely, AST showed significant negative correlation with motility and DS. Significantly, negative correlation was also observed between ALT and sperm concentration. In conclusion, these parameters provide some valuable basal data that may help better understanding the semen quality characteristics of White Leghorn layer breeders.     

Effects of antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and sodium valproate on fertility of male rats

The effects of carbamazepine and sodium valproate on fertility of male rats were studied. The tested drugs were given orally to male rats for 30 and 60 consecutive days. Mating performance, sex organs weights, semen quality, plasma concentrations of sexual hormones as well as histopathological findings were the criteria used to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of treated males. Oral administration of carbamazepine and sodium valproate for 30 and 60 consecutive days significantly decreased the testicular weight, sperm cell concentration, live sperms and percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa. Both drugs significantly increased the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. A decrease in plasma testosterone, FSH and LH and an increase in prolactin levels were observed in the treated groups. Histopathological examination showed mild to moderate degenerative changes in the testes of the treated rats while the prostate glands and seminal vesicles appeared normal. A recovery period of 30 days was accompanied by marked changes in the tested parameters towards initial values.     

The Effect of Season on Semen Characteristics and Freezability in Bos indicus and Bos taurus Bulls in the Southeastern Region of Brazil

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of season in southeast of Brazil comparing genotypes on semen characteristics, freezability and peripheral plasma concentrations of testosterone. Ejaculates of five Bos indicus bulls and six Bos taurus bulls were evaluated over a period of 27 months, which was divided into winter (July, August, September), spring (October, November, December), summer (January, February, March) and autumn (April, May, June). Semen was evaluated according to standard procedures for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, gross-motility, progressive motility and sperm morphology. After preparing and freezing the ejaculates according to commercial procedures, the straws were stored in liquid N₂ until post-thaw evaluation. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, gross-motility, progressive sperm motility, vigor and morphological sperm defects were significantly influenced by season and genotype (p < 0.05). Heat tolerance was better in B. indicus bulls than in B. taurus bulls characterized by lower values of sperm abnormalities throughout the observation period. The highest values were recorded for abnormal heads followed by cytoplasmatic droplets in B. taurus bulls. The proportion of ejaculates which were eliminated before freezing for reasons of bad quality was lower in the B. indicus bulls. Temporal changes in peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations were higher in B. indicus bulls than in B. taurus bulls not revealing seasonal influences. The results of this study show clear genotype differences regarding semen quality. Freezability of B. taurus semen varies considerably throughout the year, leading to a high proportion of eliminated ejaculates. Collecting semen from B. taurus bulls during the summer in an artificial insemination centre may not be profitable.     

Seasonal variations in semen quality of bulls: correlations with environmental temperature

Seventeen bulls were used for a 12-month survey of semen quality and for the estimation of plasma progesterone and testosterone and semen testosterone concentrations. Sperm output showed two minima, in mid-winter and late summer, and the percentage of abnormal sperm was highest and their ability to survive freezing was lowest at the summer minimum. Plasma progesterone concentration was negatively correlated with the total ejaculate content of testosterone, and positively with the local average maximum daily temperature. Temperature showed a quadratic relationship with the percentage of abnormal sperm ejaculated one month later, with the minimum percentage occurring at 14.5 degrees C. Temperature also showed a quadratic relationship with the numbers of sperm in semen ejaculated two months later, with the maximum number occurring at 17 degrees C. These relationships may reflect the impaired or enhanced survival of the temperature sensitive meiotic prophase and alterations in the output of testosterone and progesterone by the testis.     

高温对荷斯坦种公牛精液品质及精清生化指标的影响研究

以荷斯坦种公牛为试验牛研究了高温对其精液品质和精清生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)高温可造成种公牛精液品质显著下降。使原精活力、精子密度、活精子百分数和顶体完整率分别比春季下降3·13%(P<0·05)、34·8%(P<0·01)、15·0%(P<0·01)和17·8%(P<0·01),精子畸形率比春季上升25·5%(P<0·01)。(2)夏季荷斯坦种公牛精清睾酮含量仅为4·31pg/mL,极显著低于非高温季节(P<0·01)。(3)高温环境使得荷斯坦种公牛精清钾、钙、镁处于最低水平(P<0·01),精清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)处于最高水平(P<0·01),使精清钠由春季至夏季呈显著下降趋势。     

Fluctuation in the concentration of sex steroids and aflatoxin B1 in the seminal plasma of boars and its relation to sperm production

The concentration of testosterone, 17-beta oestradiol and aflatoxin B1 were studied in the semen plasma of 21 boars of four breeds for the period of twelve months. The following spermiological parameters were investigated: semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, and survival of spermatozoa. The fertilizing capacity of ejaculates was evaluated according to the conception rate of sows and gilts after the first insemination, according to the average number of piglets per litter and average number of live-born piglets per litter. The highest aflatoxin B1 residues in sperm were recorded in March to May and were related with aflatoxin concentration in feed ration. The group of boars with fertility disorders had more aflatoxin in their sperm (up to 100 pmol . l-1), lower sperm concentration, lower survival of spermatozoa, and a larger proportion of abnormal spermatozoa. The year season had a significant influence on the concentration of the hormones. The highest average value of testosterone (10.2 +/- 1.28 nmol) was obtained in autumn and lower values were recorded in winter. The changes in 17-beta estradiol concentration were similar to the changes in testosterone content, with the maximum value in November (0.249 nmol X 1(-1]. The boars with reproduction disorders had a significantly lower concentration of 17-beta oestradiol. Significant correlations were found between the concentration of the hormones, semen volume, and sperm concentration. 17-beta oestradiol also had a significant positive correlation to abnormal spermatozoa and to the activity of aspartate aminotransferase.