合生素对鲤鱼促生长作用的研究

研究在鲤鱼饲料中添加新一代微生态制剂合生素,对鲤鱼增质量和饵料系数等生长指标的影响。结果表明,试验组鲤鱼平均体增质量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,试验组饵料系数比对照组降低7．2％,这表明,鲤鱼饲料中添加0．05％合生素可提高低水温环境下鲤鱼的生长性能．降低饵料系数,达到较理想的效果。     

鲤鱼饲料中添加赖氨酸的试验

在鲤鱼配合饲料中添加0．25％赖氨酸的试验结果表明，可以提高鲤鱼的生长速度19％，降低饲料系数为0．21，每公斤饲料成本可降低13．71％。     

鲤鱼越冬前期管理抓什么

调整饲料成分,增强鲤鱼体质 越冬前1个月,应适时调整饲料成分比例,使饲料中脂肪的含量增加3％～5％,蛋白质的含量降低3％～5％。同时适当增加饲料中维生素C和维生素E的含量,以增强鲤鱼体质和对疾病的抵抗力。通过1个月左右的强化饲养,使鲤鱼膘肥体壮,安全过冬。     

水产养殖过程中出现的几种主要疾病及相应对策

1鱼类肝胆综合症 1．1特征及诱发原因 肝胆综合症是近年来普遍流行的一种疾病,其最主要的危害对象是鲫鱼、鲤鱼和青鱼,主要分布在浙江和江苏地区,死亡率达到50％以上．是一种常见并且危害极大的疾病。     

60头健康屠猪主要淋巴结带菌情况抽查报告

动物机体淋巴系统中的淋巴结是机体的滤过装置，它能反映微生物侵害机体的途径、程度、甚至性质。淋巴结不仅是机体发病的首要标志，而且是评价肉品卫生质量的主要依据之一。在判定家畜机体患病情况，查明疾病在畜体的扩展趋势，帮助确定疾病的感染门户，具有极为重要的意义。通过调查安徽省阜阳市某肉类加工厂６０头临床健康屠猪２９２个主要淋巴结的带菌情况，共分离出３０７株细菌，其中葡萄球菌属８５株，占２７．６９％，链球菌属１３株，占４．２３％，肠杆菌科６８株，占２２．１５％，棒状杆菌属４８株，占１５．６４％，波氏杆菌属…     

鱼源气单胞菌的主要特性研究

对分离于草鱼肠炎、白鲢鱼打印病、鲢鱼白皮病、草鱼烂鳃、鲤鱼体表出血感染及甲鱼败血症等病例的80株细胞进行了主要特性研究。结果表明均为气单胞菌属（Aeromonas)的细菌，其中嗜水气单胞菌（A.hydrophila)29株（占36．25％）、豚鼠气单胞菌（A.caviae)38株（占47．5％）、温和气单胞菌A.sobria）13株（占16．25％）。在被检验的病例中，或为其中一种气单胞菌的单独感染，或为两种、三种气单胞菌的混合感染。经做人工感染试验检查，表明这些分离菌均为相应感染症的致病菌。     

青海省部分仔猪水肿病病原的血清型鉴定

就青海省仔猪水肿病多发区分离鉴定的45株溶血性大肠杆菌进行了血清学定型，结果表明：已鉴定出血清型的菌株33株，占73．3％，12株未定出血清型，占26．7％；其中O8 10株(22．2％)，O25 1株(2．2％)，O101 1株(2．2％)，O138 3株(6．7％)，O139 7株(15．5％)，O141 5株(11．1％)，O149 6株(13．3％)。O抗原优势菌株分别为：O8、O139、O141、O139，占全部菌数的62．2％。     

微生态制剂和有机酸对鲤鱼生长性能最适结合水平的研究

本试验通过U5(5^2)均匀设计，把有机酸和微生态制剂结合添加到鲤鱼基础饲料中进行饲喂。其结合水平为0．2％ 0．1％，0．4％ 0．2％，0．6％ 0．05％，0．8％ 0．15％．1．0％ 0．25％。通过37d的试验，统计结果表明，使鲤鱼生长性能达到最佳的水平结合范围为：微生态制剂0．17％～0．22％，有机酸0．28％～0．47％。     

禽源沙门氏菌的血清型分布与耐药性分析

对89株禽源沙门氏菌临床分离菌株进行了血清型鉴定,鉴定出肠炎沙门氏菌（S．enteritidis）17株,纽波特沙门氏菌（Snewport）1株,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（S．typhimurium）6株和鸡白痢沙门氏菌（S．pullorum）65株。结果表明,89株禽源沙门氏菌中有24株（27．0％）为能够引起人的沙门氏菌感染的血清型,具有重要的公共卫生学意义,而且这24株沙门氏菌中多重耐药菌株有12株（50．0％）。用微量稀释法检测了89株禽源沙门氏菌对18种抗菌药物的耐药性。检测结果表明,所有分离菌株均对阿米卡星和头孢曲松敏感;在使用的其他16种抗菌药物中,89株禽源沙门氏菌分离菌株对链霉素耐药率最高,为43．8％,其次为四环素、头孢噻吩、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、奥比沙星、萘啶酸和氨苄西林,耐药率分别为30．3％、22．5％、22．5％、20.2％、20.2％、19．1％和19．1％;对氯霉素、环丙沙星、沙拉沙星、恩诺沙星、左氟沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟和卡那霉素呈现轻度的耐药性,耐药率分别为10．1％、9．0％、9．0％、7．9％、7．9％、6．7％、6.7％和2．2％。     

仔猪黄痢疫苗的应用研究

在猪场仔猪粪便中分离出１０株大肠杆菌制备成疫苗,用于母猪免疫。免疫后仔猪死亡率由３０％降到５％,仔猪黄痢发病率由７０％降到２０％．１０株大肠杆菌血清型中Ｏ５０,Ｏ６４,Ｏ１０１,Ｏ１８为可能的致病菌株。     

Experiences with a vaccine being developed for the control of swine dysentery

SUMMARY A prototype vaccine that is being developed for the control of swine dysentery (SD) was tested in two groups of experimental pigs. Vaccination induced high circulating antibody titres against the aetiological agent, Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae .
Pigs in the first trial were vaccinated twice before being challenged orally with the bacteria. Five of 6 unvaccinated animals developed dysentery within a fortnight of challenge, but only 1 of 6 vaccinated pigs showed signs of disease at this time. Unexpectedly, 1 mo after challenge, the surviving unvaccinated pig and 2 remaining healthy vaccinated animals succumbed to the disease. The reason for the development of this late-onset form of dysentery was not clear.
In the second trial, 8 pigs were vaccinated 3 times. Only 2 of these animals (25%) developed severe dysentery after being mixed with infected pigs, whereas 7 of 8 (88%) unvaccinated control pigs in the same pen became diseased. The late-onset form of dysentery was not observed.
The prototype vaccine for SD provided a useful level of protection, and could be used in programs to control the disease in Australia.     

Effect of Vaccination in the Field with the Theileria annulata (Hisar) Cell Culture Vaccine on Young Calves Born during the Winter Season

The responses were monitored of young crossbred calves vaccinated against tropical theileriosis during the winter against a field tick challenge in the disease season. Thirty-eight calves below 2 months of age, born after the end of the disease season, were selected at an organized farm. Twenty-five animals were vaccinated with Theileria annulata (Hisar) cell culture vaccine (developed at CCS HAU Hisar laboratory) after the end of the disease season and 13 calves were kept as non-vaccinated controls. These calves were observed for their susceptibility to theileriosis in the new disease season. There was an increase in antibody titre in 18 of the 25 vaccinated animals one month after vaccination. The antibody titre then declined gradually, but remained higher than those of the non-vaccinated animals at month 0. No fever or other clinical signs of tropical theileriosis were observed in any of the vaccinated animals. Nine out of 25 (36%) vaccinated calves showed occasional piroplasms (<;0.5%) in blood smears. All the vaccinated animals withstood the field tick challenge. On the other hand, 9 of the 13 (69%) unvaccinated calves exhibited occasional piroplasms, and included three clinical cases of tropical theileriosis. These observations suggest that young crossbred calves vaccinated with the T. annulata (Hisar) cell culture vaccine at the end of the disease season were relatively resistant during the next disease season.     

Use of vaccination against enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris disease by the U.S. catfish industry

Vaccination is an effective strategy used for the protection of food animals against infectious diseases. A 2010 U.S. Department of Agriculture questionnaire examined U.S. catfish industry use (in 2009) of two commercial vaccines that provide protection against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease, catfish producers' opinions regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish they expect to be protected, and producers' general expectations regarding survival of vaccinated fish compared with unvaccinated fish. During 2009, 9.7% of the total fingerling operations used one or both vaccines; 12.3% of the total industry fry production was vaccinated against ESC, and 17.0% was vaccinated against columnaris disease. Of the producers who grew food-sized catfish to harvest, 6.7% used vaccinated catfish. The farms that did not use vaccinated fish for grow out had a mean size of 63.4 water surface hectares (156.6 water surface acres). The operations that used vaccinated fish were larger (mean size = 206.6 water surface hectares, or 510.6 water surface acres). The producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated fish for grow out represented 19.0% of the total water surface area of food fish production; producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated fish represented 16.6% of the total area. Of the producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated catfish, 41.9% thought that survival was better in vaccinated fish than in unvaccinated fish; of the producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated catfish, 46.2% thought that vaccinated fish displayed better survival. However, 37.5% of producers that used the ESC vaccine and 39.7% of producers that used the columnaris vaccine did not know whether vaccination improved survival rates. When all producers were asked about their expectations regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish that would be protected from disease, 52.4% responded that they expected 100% of their fish to be protected. More producer information about reasonable expectations regarding vaccine efficacy, the conditions under which immunosuppression and vaccine failure can occur, and assessment of vaccine performance may result in increased use of vaccination as a tool for the catfish industry.     

Impact of field vaccination with a Theileria annulata schizont cell culture vaccine on the epidemiology of tropical theileriosis

Tropical theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, is an important tick-borne disease of cattle. A cell culture attenuated vaccine has been developed in our laboratory by long-term in vitro propagation of the schizont stage of the parasite. A longitudinal study was conducted at selected farms housing indigenous, cross-bred and exotic animals to investigate the effect of vaccination on the epidemiology of the disease. A total of 120 animals in 4 age groups were vaccinated with the vaccine before the onset of disease season. An equal number of age-matched animals were kept as controls at the same sites. Animals were monitored for 14 months at monthly intervals. The 97.5% vaccinated animals showed a rise in antibody titres 1 month post-vaccination, as determined by single dilution ELISA. The 78.3% of non-vaccinated animals became sero-positive over the period of observation. Mean antibody titres were significantly higher in vaccinated than non-vaccinated animals. Cross-bred animals showed higher antibody titres followed by exotic and indigenous animals in both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. However, the antibody titres in animals of different ages were similar. The 36.7% vaccinated and 64.2% non-vaccinated animals became carriers (<0.5% piroplasms in erythrocytes) during the observation period. Clinical cases of theileriosis were recorded only in the non-vaccinated group suggesting that vaccinated animals were sufficiently immune to withstand field tick challenge for at least 14 months.     

Use of a C6 ELISA test to evaluate the efficacy of a whole-cell bacterin for the prevention of naturally transmitted canine Borrelia burgdorferi infection

A commercially available C6 ELISA kit was used to detect antibodies induced by natural infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs that lived in an area endemic for Lyme disease. Rates of infection were determined both for nonvaccinated dogs and those that had been vaccinated with a whole-cell B. burgdorferi bacterin (Lyme Vax, Fort Dodge Animal Health) before 6 months of age and were boostered annually. Vaccinated dogs had an infection rate of 5% (8 of 163), whereas 64% (25 of 39) of the non-vaccinated dogs were positive for B. burgdorferi antibodies. The preventable fraction, determined by comparing infection rates in unvaccinated and vaccinated dogs, was 92.2% (95% confidence interval: 84.3% to 96.3%). In addition, screening of nonvaccinated dogs at six Connecticut clinics (Middletown, Portland, Essex, Old Lyme, Durham, and Marlborough) with the C6 ELISA test revealed infection rates ranging from 41% to 73%, demonstrating a high level of infected dogs in the area. It was concluded that emphasis should be placed on vaccinating young dogs at risk for Lyme disease before they are exposed to infected ticks. Results of this study support the value of immunization with this whole-cell Lyme disease bacterin for dogs at risk for infection by B. burgdorferi.     

羊口蹄疫免疫方法及效果研究

通过对陕西省绥德县15乡镇15户养羊户饲养的未免疫4~7月龄羊150只,分别进行口蹄疫灭活疫苗一次免疫（150只）、加强免疫（其中30只）,并开展抗体检测,结果发现一次免疫抗体合格率为55.33%,加强免疫合格率为93.33%。试验表明,加强免疫后羊免疫抗体合格率可以得到保证,并根据免疫试验进行分析,为今后羊口蹄疫科学免疫提出合理的建议。     

Verification of the protective effect of a toxoid vaccine against edema disease of weaned piglets in an infection model

105 piglets (56 vaccinated and 49 control animals) were utilized in 6 consecutive experiments. Each used litter was divided randomly into vaccine and control animals. One week prior to weaning each of the 56 piglets of the vaccine groups received 5 mg of nonpurified toxin treated with glutaraldehyd subcutaneously whereas to the remaining 49 control animals an extract of apathogenic E. coli was administered. During the first 12 hours post weaning each of the 105 piglets was challenged perorally with 10(10) cfu of edema principle toxin producing germs of E. coli serogroup O 139. 23 animals of the control groups (46.9%) and one animal of vaccine groups (1.8%) died due to the infection between days four and five post challenge. These control animals showed classical clinical symptoms as well as pathological findings typical for edema disease. In contrast, such findings as mentioned before could not be observed in the vaccinated piglets. The remaining part of the control animals and eight of those vaccinated ones exhibited edema disease symptoms. The vaccinated animals have shed the challenge strain one to three days, while the survivals of control groups shed those germs for two to six days. The vaccinated piglets showed a better growth rate than the remaining control animals. Presented data suggest that our toxoid immunizing procedure can be used successfully against edema disease of swine.     

The spread of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection to unvaccinated and vaccinated sheep

SUMMARY The decrease in the prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis after two generations of vaccination against the disease it causes, was used to estimate the rate of control of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Three groups of 150 sheep, of which 50 in each group were artificially infected with C pseudotuberculosis and 100 in each group were uninfected sheep, were run separately for 40 months and shorn 5 times to promote the spread of CLA. One lot of 50 infected sheep and 2 lots of 100 uninfected sheep were vaccinated against CLA. The rate of spread of CLA was recorded. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and naturally exposed to infection had a 74% lower infection rate than unvaccinated sheep. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and exposed to only vaccinated infected sheep had a 97% lower infection rate. Unvaccinated sheep had a 76% infection rate, with 77% of the transmission occurring at the 4th and 5th shearings, without any discharging CLA abscesses being observed. This study supports the view that in Australian wool producing flocks, CLA spreads mainly from sheep with discharging lung abscesses to sheep with shearing cuts. Vaccinated sheep infected with CLA have 96% fewer lung abscesses compared with unvaccinated infected sheep and are therefore less likely to spread this disease to other sheep .     

Serological survey on Newcastle and Gumboro diseases, pasteurellosis and pullorosis in local hens in Niger

A serological survey on avian pathology in a village area was carried out in Niger. It allowed to determine the incidence of pullorosis (47%), pasteurellosis (48%), avian bursal disease (47%) and Newcastle disease (14% in non vaccinated and 63% in vaccinated animals).     

鸡贫血病-法氏囊病联合免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量及免疫球蛋白含量变化

应用免疫SRA菌体花环法和间接ELISE法对鸡传染性贫血病 (CIA) -传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)联合免疫母鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量变化进行了动态研究。结果发现 ,CM -IBD联合免疫母鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡 ,表明CIA-IBD联合免疫母鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液体液免疫和细胞免疫功能明显增强。而CIAV、IBDY强毒攻击后 ,未免疫的子代雏鸡 ,其外周血液的上述指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡 ,表明未免疫的子代雏鸡外周血液的免疫机能降低 ,这与未免疫雏鸡缺乏特异性抗体 ,强毒攻击后 ,雏鸡免疫器官组织广泛损害 ,淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关