关于中国生猪产业职业教育产学研联盟发展的若干思考

随着经济的发展,我国生猪产业由传统模式步入现代生猪产业模式,逐步向规模化、标准化、生态化、智能化方向发展.我国作为生猪产业大国与职业教育大国,在生猪产业发展中,职业教育参与度越来越高,在职业教育中也越来越体现产教融合细度.中国生猪产业职业教育产学研联盟的成立,正是生猪产业发展与职业教育发展的双选项,其在实现生猪产业与职...     

中小规模养殖场及散养户非洲猪瘟防控措施

非洲猪瘟的致病原为非洲猪瘟病毒,该病具有较高的传染率和死亡率,一旦出现非洲猪瘟疫情,不仅严重损害养殖场、散养户的经济利益,还会在极大程度上影响地区养猪业的整体发展。因此,相关部门需加强指导工作,引导地区中小规模养殖场与散养户结合非洲猪瘟的传播特点,构建完善的防控体系,最大程度上降低非洲猪瘟的发生几率。     

非洲猪瘟对我国生猪养殖产业的影响与展望

非洲猪瘟病毒从2018年下旬入侵我国,对我国生猪养殖产业造成重创,导致生猪养殖的数量和规模锐减,经济损失严重,对我国畜牧养殖产业的科学发展以及我国经济的平稳运行均造成巨大威胁。目前非洲猪瘟还会导致我国生猪的出栏量显著下降,猪肉产品价格显著提高,通过分析了解现阶段非洲猪瘟导致的影响可加强应对非洲猪瘟的防控措施,改善目前生猪养殖产业发展的方向,恢复生猪养殖生产,保障我国猪肉市场的供应。该文对非洲猪瘟对我国生猪养殖产业的影响、应对措施及未来的展望进行论述。     

Needs, difficulties, and possible approaches to providing quality clinical veterinary education with the aim of improving standards of companion animal medicine in sri lanka

Companion animal medicine has now gained prominence in Sri Lanka as a result of an increased public interest in pets; however, veterinary education has not kept pace with current developments. The main constraints faced by the veterinary education system are those common to all university education in Sri Lanka. Changes in the current system, though important, depend heavily on political will and vision, which are not forthcoming in the near future. It is therefore both necessary and important that the private sector provide the impetus to improve standards of veterinary medicine in Sri Lanka. The immediate focus should be on improving the skills of practitioners through clinically based continuing education programs. Later, more specialized and intensive programs may be initiated. Interaction and sharing of knowledge with more developed countries are critical in leading the way to improved standards of companion animal medicine in Sri Lanka.     

Developing and fostering a dynamic program for training in veterinary pathology and clinical pathology: veterinary students to post-graduate education

Recent reports project a deficiency of veterinary pathologists, indicating a need to train highly qualified veterinary pathologists, particularly in academic veterinary medicine. The need to provide high-quality research training for veterinary pathologists has been recognized by the veterinary pathology training program of the Ohio State University (OSU) since its inception. The OSU program incorporates elements of both residency training and graduate education into a unified program. This review illustrates the components and structure of the training program and reflects on future challenges in training veterinary pathologists. Key elements of the OSU program include an experienced faculty, dedicated staff, and high-quality students who have a sense of common mission. The program is supported through cultural and infrastructure support. Financial compensation, limited research funding, and attractive work environments, including work-life balance, will undoubtedly continue to be forces in the marketplace for veterinary pathologists. To remain competitive and to expand the ability to train veterinary pathologists with research skills, programs must support strong faculty members, provide appropriate infrastructure support, and seek active partnerships with private industry to expand program opportunities. Shortages of trained faculty may be partially resolved by regional cooperation to share faculty expertise or through the use of communications technology to bridge distances between programs. To foster continued interest in academic careers, training programs will need to continue to evolve and respond to trainees' needs while maintaining strong allegiances to high-quality pathology training. Work-life balance, collegial environments that foster a culture of respect for veterinary pathology, and continued efforts to reach out to veterinary students to provide opportunities to learn about the diverse careers offered in veterinary pathology will pay long-term dividends for the future of the profession.     

耳背包埋蟾酥和雄黄法治疗猪高热综合征

利用传统中药蟾酥和雄黄进行耳背包埋法,治疗猪高热综合征,结果 7 d左右病猪体温恢复正常,10 d左右耳背包埋药物处痂皮开始脱落,15 d左右23只病猪全部恢复健康。应用此法会造成病猪耳朵的脱落或穿孔,影响动物福利,今后应用中需通过调整用药剂量、筛选赋形剂等途径减轻其副作用,需进一步探讨方法的治疗机理,为更有效治疗猪高热综合征做深入研究。     

Veterinary medical education in Iraq

Iraq is an agricultural country with a large population of animals: sheep, goats, cattle, water buffaloes, horses, donkeys, mules, and camels. In the 1980s, the successful poultry industry managed to produce enough table eggs and meat to satisfy the needs of the entire population; at one time, the thriving fish industry produced different types of fish for Iraqis' yearly fish consumption. There are four veterinary colleges in Iraq, which have been destroyed along with the veterinary services infrastructure. Understandably, improvements to the quality of veterinary education and services in Iraq will be reflected in a healthy and productive animal industry, better food quality and quantity, fewer zoonotic diseases, and more income-generating activities in rural areas. Thus, if undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education programs are improved, the veterinary medical profession will attract more competent students. This will satisfy the country's increased demand for competent veterinarians in both public and private sectors. Although Iraq has an estimated 5,000-7,000 veterinarians, there is a need for quality veterinary services and for more veterinarians. In addition, there is a need for the improvement of veterinary diagnostic facilities, as zoonotic diseases are always highly probable in this region. This article provides insight into the status of veterinary medical education and veterinary services in Iraq before and after the 1991 Gulf War and gives suggestions for improvement and implementation of new programs. Suggestions are also offered for improving veterinary diagnostic facilities and the quality of veterinary services. Improving diagnostic facilities and the quality of veterinary services will enhance animal health and production in Iraq and will also decrease the likelihood of disease transmission to and from Iraq. Threats of disease transmission and introduction into the country have been observed and reported by several international organizations.     

养猪场户如何做好非洲猪瘟的防控

非洲猪瘟是一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病^[1],近两年来给我国养猪业带来了灾难性的影响。因此,在当前阶段做好现有养猪场户的防控工作尤为重要。文章结合我国养猪特点和防控形势,从养猪从业者角度介绍了非洲猪瘟的特点、传播方式、综合防控措施及防疫职责,以期为广大生猪养殖者做好非洲猪瘟防控提供参考。     

Swine production.

The US swine industry is large and growing. The quantity of pork desired by consumers of US pork is growing at the rate of 1.5%/y. New production systems and new technology have enabled production per sow to grow at a rate of 4% annually in recent years. Consequently, the number of sows in the United States is declining. Because productivity growth is outpacing demand growth, the deflated price of hogs and pork is declining. Hog production and prices continue to exhibit strong seasonal and cyclic patterns. Pork production is usually lowest in the summer and highest in the fall. Production and prices tend to follow 4-year patterns. The US swine industry continues to evolve toward fewer and larger producers who rely on contracts for both hog production and marketing. In 2000, over half of the hogs marketed were from approximately 156 firms marketing more than 50,000 head annually. These producers finished 60% of their production in contract facilities. Over 90% of their marketings were under contract or were owned by a packer. These producers expressed a high level of satisfaction with hog production. Both they and their contract growers were satisfied with production contracts. These large producers were satisfied with their marketing contracts and planned to continue them in the future. The hog industry has changed a great deal in the last decade. There is little reason to believe this rapid rate of change will not continue. This swine industry is highly competitive and profit driven. Profit margins are too small to allow producers the luxury of ignoring new technology and innovative production systems. Consequently, hog production will continue its rapid evolution from traditional agriculture to typical industry.     

猪附红细胞体病的诊断与防治

猪附红细胞体病是由猪附红细胞体感染机体引起的一种人畜共患的传染病。而附红细胞体则是寄生于红细胞表面、血浆、及骨髓中的一类微生物。近年来随着我国养猪业的蓬勃发展,该病的流行已有越来越烈之势,并逐渐成为危害养猪业的传染病之一。为保证群众养猪业的快速和健康发展,必须引起充分重视,予以科学诊治。     

古典猪瘟病毒基因组及ORF编码蛋白的结构和功能

古典猪瘟是严重危害养猪业发展的重要疫病之一,对古典猪瘟病毒的分子生物学研究能揭示病毒复制和致病机理,寻找免疫保护关键位点,为新型疫苗开发奠定基础。文章综述了近年对古典猪瘟病毒基因组和相关蛋白的研究成果,对以后的研究方向作了展望。     

Disease prevention in swine production

First, it is mentioned that the health status of the population of Swiss swines is very good in comparison to other nations due to the activity of the pig health service (PHS) and that in many places the conditions for a reduction of the use of antimicrobials are already there. Then, the activity of the PHS is described. Its success is base on the obstinate implementation of the eradication programs which are already widely used at the present time in several regions of Switzerland and which have attracted interested specialized practitioners. How the renouncement of the use of antimicrobial growth promoters will affect PHS and non PHS herds remains to be determined. A special paragraph lists the reasons why practitioners often have only little access to swine herds. One reason is the lack of competence. This problem should be solved by an intensification of the graduate and postgraduate education. Finally, the argument for a valorization of an applied and problem-oriented research at the faculties should be put forward.     

基层非洲猪瘟防控存在问题与对策

2018年非洲猪瘟爆发以来,我国养猪业严重受挫,猪肉价格猛增,给我国养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。疫情的出现也充分暴露了我国生物安全体统的不完善,尤其是基层防控工作。该文将对非洲猪瘟进行介绍,对基层非洲猪瘟防控中存在的问题全面阐述,提出一些合理性建议。     

非洲猪瘟危害及防控方法

非洲猪瘟是一种急性传染病,不仅发病率较高,死亡率也高,已被列为法定报告动物疾病,是我国重点防控的动物疫病之一。非洲猪瘟的危害性较强,一旦出现会大面积扩散,病情控制的难度较大,会带来难以估量的损失。在养猪中,做好非洲猪瘟的预防工作,充分认识非洲猪瘟的危害性,保障养殖业的发展和消费者的健康。     

Review of Influenza A Virus in Swine Worldwide: A Call for Increased Surveillance and Research

Pigs and humans have shared influenza A viruses (IAV) since at least 1918, and many interspecies transmission events have been documented since that time. However, despite this interplay, relatively little is known regarding IAV circulating in swine around the world compared with the avian and human knowledge base. This gap in knowledge impedes our understanding of how viruses adapted to swine or man impacts the ecology and evolution of IAV as a whole and the true impact of swine IAV on human health. The pandemic H1N1 that emerged in 2009 underscored the need for greater surveillance and sharing of data on IAV in swine. In this paper, we review the current state of IAV in swine around the world, highlight the collaboration between international organizations and a network of laboratories engaged in human and animal IAV surveillance and research, and emphasize the need to increase information in high‐priority regions. The need for global integration and rapid sharing of data and resources to fight IAV in swine and other animal species is apparent, but this effort requires grassroots support from governments, practicing veterinarians and the swine industry and, ultimately, requires significant increases in funding and infrastructure.     

非洲猪瘟疫病对中国生猪市场和产业的影响

我国生猪养殖产业受到非洲猪瘟的影响,生猪养殖产业链结构、生猪消费市场结构及猪肉贸易等方面均发生重大变化,繁殖母猪存栏量显著下降,生猪养殖数量和规模受到重创,同时猪肉进口量创新高。现阶段我国国务院及农业农村部等相继出台一系列的非洲猪瘟防控政策和方案,保障疫病良好控制及我国生猪养殖产业科学恢复,猪肉畜牧产品价格获得一定的回落。该文将对现阶段我国生猪养殖产业市场的供需情况,非洲猪瘟疫情下我国生猪养殖市场中价格波动特点及下一阶段非洲猪瘟的防控对策和建议等进行介绍,促进我国生猪养殖产业健康发展。     

Evaluation of a veterinary-based syndromic surveillance system implemented for swine

Practicing veterinarians play an important role in detecting the initial outbreak of disease in animal populations. A pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility of a veterinary-based surveillance system for the Ontario swine industry. A total of 7 practitioners from 5 clinics agreed to submit information from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008. The surveillance program was evaluated in terms of timeliness, compliance, geographic coverage, and data quality. Our study showed that the veterinary-based surveillance system was acceptable to practitioners and produced useful data. The program obtained information from 25% of pig farms in Ontario during this time period. However, better communication with practitioners, more user-friendly recording systems that can be adapted to each clinic's management system, active involvement of the clinics' technical personnel, and the use of financial incentives may help to improve compliance and timeliness.     

非洲猪瘟研究进展及防控措施

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒科、非洲猪瘟病毒属的唯一成员非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引起的一种高致死率、高抵抗力、严格接触性的病毒性疾病,对所有年龄段的家猪和野猪均具有感染性。我国非洲猪瘟传入疫情的出现,对养猪生产构成严重威胁,必将冲击生猪产业的健康稳定发展。本文介绍ASF的病原、流行病学特点,并总结防控措施,以期为ASF的进一步防控提供参考。