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1.
Takahisa Nakai Hisashi Abe Takeshi Muramoto Tetsuya Nakao 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(5):441-447
The relationship between sap flow rates and diurnal fluctuation of stems was investigated in cloned 3-year-old saplings of
Cryptomeria japonica D. Don grown in a phytotron with irrigation every 2 days. The improved stem heat balance method and a strain gauge were used
to measure sap flow rate and diurnal fluctuation of the stem. The sap flow rate reacted to lighting conditions, increasing
and decreasing immediately after lights-on and lights-off, respectively. The tangential strain on the surface of the inner
bark exhibited a reaction that followed but opposed the reaction of the sap flow rate to lighting conditions. Based on the
changes in sap flow rate, there seemed to be four phases in diurnal sap flow: phase A1 began with lights-on, when the sap flow rate increased, and lasted about 2 hours. In the following phase, A2, the sap flow rate remained almost constant at 1.3 g/min for about 10 h, and then declined for about 2 h as lights-off approached.
In phase B, the early period of darkness, the sap flow declined quickly and then more slowly, for about 4 h, until the start
of the second dark period, phase C, when the sap flow rate became almost constant at 0.05 g/min for about 6 h. The first derivative
of each sap flow rate and the corresponding tangential strain were calculated, and the results indicated a negative correlation
between the two variables in all periods. In particular, the relationship between the first derivative values exhibited a
highly negative correlation in phases A1 and B, expressed as a primary formula. Sap flow rate was found to continue for some time after lights-off, and this compensated
for reduced evaporative effects, albeit at a slow rate, over 4 h. The total amount of sap flow in the dark was only about
9% of that in the light, disregarding transpiration in the dark for simplicity. Thus, the total amount of sap flow responsible
for swelling of the stem was about 9% of that consumed in transpiration during the light period. 相似文献
2.
Sadanobu Katoh Tohru Furukawa Akinori Mizuguchi Takeshi Furuno 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(5):466-469
Variations in the compositions of low boiling point (LBP) monoterpenes in needle samples from 99 sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and 100 kuromatsu (Pinus thunbergii) trees were investigated using a headspace technique. Considerable variations in the proportions of monoterpenes were revealed
in both species. In sugi, the proportions of sabinene and α-pinene in the total LBP monoterpenes, ranging from 8.8% to 73.3% and from 14.5% to 73.3%, respectively, showed enormous variations
among nine monoterpenes. The proportions of 3-carene and limonene, ranging from 0.1% to 29.5% and from 0.2% to 20.4%, respectively,
also showed very specific variations. In kuromatsu, the proportions of β-pinene and α-pinene in the total LBP monoterpenes, ranging from 26.5% to 66.3% and from 18.7% to 46.9%, respectively, showed considerable
variations among ten monoterpenes. The proportions of myrcene and 1,8-cineole, ranging from 0.9% to 18.5% and from 0.8% to
12.3%, respectively, also showed specific variations.
Part of this article was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April, 2000, and
the 13th Annual Meeting of the Chugoku Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Okayama, September 2001 相似文献
3.
介绍了日本的柳杉的育苗、造林、经营利用等情况,并根据日本的情况对贵州引种的日本柳杉的经营提出了建议。 相似文献
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The absolute configuration of bisabolanoids isolated from Yaku-sugi wood were compared with those of dihydrocarvone and dihydrocarveol isomers based on their13C nuclear magnetic resonance data and optical rotations. 相似文献
6.
Cell behavior in the cambium and developing xylem of 3-year-old Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.) trees, during and after an 11-day suspension of irrigation, was analyzed. Leaf xylem pressure potential and tangential strain of the stem surface were monitored throughout the experiment. Anatomical features and numbers of developing tracheids and cambial cells were observed in four trees, sampled on Days 0, 4, 8 and 11 after irrigation was suspended. Daytime xylem pressure potential decreased to -1.9 MPa on Day 7 and remained the same until irrigation was resumed on Day 11. The transverse dimensions of the tracheids, which began to form secondary walls, began to decrease on Day 4. The number of cells in the cambial zone and cell expansion zone decreased abruptly on Day 8. Tangentially aligned developing tracheids with collapsed cell walls were observed in samples harvested on Days 8 and 11. Secondary wall formation was recognized in these tracheids. After the resumption of irrigation, xylem pressure potential recovered rapidly to the same value as before the suspension of irrigation. Tangential strain increased within 30 min after the resumption of irrigation, and continued to increase until the onset of light the next day. Eighteen days after the resumption of irrigation, anatomical features of cells in the cambium and cell-expansion zone were similar to those observed before suspension of irrigation. 相似文献
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The distribution of growth stresses in leaning trunks of Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don was determined by measuring the stresses released by the kerf method with strain gauges glued at specified positions along the trunks. Effects of both tree height and peripheral positions on the surface of leaning trunks on surface growth stress were determined. The inner residual growth strains in leaning trunks were also measured. We found high compression stresses in the lower side of leaning trunks that differed greatly from the tensile stresses in normal erect trunks. However, transverse compression stress was found around the tree trunk in both normal and compression wood. In leaning trees, the distribution of internal stresses in the bent trunk portion differed from that in the erect trunk portion, being compressive on the outside and tensile on the inside. The resistant moment introduced by compression stress generated in compression wood is released by the bending of the leaning trunk. The bending stresses are then superimposed on the original internal growth stress. We demonstrated that Poisson's effect of longitudinal stresses should be considered when evaluating transverse surface growth stresses. The existence and intensity of compression wood development can be assessed by growth stress measurements. We conclude that the compressing force of compression wood functions physiologically to give an upward righting response in a leaning trunk. 相似文献
11.
日本柳杉生长对气候的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对建立的日本柳杉的差值年表与气象数据进行的相关性分析结果表明:日本柳杉的生长与上年10、11月的温度,与上年12月、当年1月的降水量正相关;与当年3月的降水量、8月的温度负相关。这既是日本柳杉海拔分布的重要因子,也是影响林分生物生产力和碳循环的重要因素。 相似文献
12.
Hiroko Ueuma Eri Yoshii Yoshihiro Hosoo Hideaki Taira 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(2):123-126
To determine the mechanism of male-sterility Cryptomeria japonica tree Shindai3, the process of microspore development was observed under light and fluorescence microscopy. Microspore development
in the Shindai3 was normal until the tetrad stage, but separation of the microspores from the tetrads was not observed even
after callose had been degraded. In contrast to the microspore stage in a male-fertile tree, amorphous substances were observed
around tetrads in the Shindai3, and the amount of the amorphous substance increased from the middle of November to the middle
of December. The substances are hypothesized to prevent the separation of individual microspores from tetrads by inducing
adhesion between microspore cells within the tetrad or enclosing the tetrads. The form of the tetrads in the Shindai3 was
maintained until just before the pollen dispersal season, but they ultimately degenerated. The results of this study indicate
that the mechanism causing male sterility in Shindai3 differs from that previously reported for other male-sterile trees of
C. japonica. 相似文献
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We assessed the vertical distribution of litter and its seasonal patterns in the canopy and on the forest floor (soil), as
well as litterfall (the flux of litter from the canopy to the soil) in a 33-year-old plantation of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). The masses of total litter, dead leaves, and dead branches in the canopy of C. japonica trees averaged 34.09, 19.53, and 14.56 t dry wt ha−1, respectively, and were almost constant during the study period. The total masses of the annual litterfall were 4.17 and
5.88 t dry wt ha−1 year−1 in the two consecutive years of the study. The mass of the soil litter averaged 7.95 t dry wt ha−1 during the same period. All relationships between the mass of canopy litter and tree-size parameters (diameters at breast
height and at the lowest living branch) were linear in a log-linear regression. Compared with the results for this plantation
at a younger stage (16 years old), our results suggest that the total mass of dead leaves attached to each tree increases
markedly with increasing age, but that the trajectory of this increase as a function of tree size may change from an exponential
to a saturation curve with increasing stand age. 相似文献
16.
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are induced by a variety of phytopathogens in many plants and several TLPs are allergenic. Previously, we isolated three TLP-encoding cDNAs (Cry j 3.1, Cry j 3.2 and Cry j 3.3) from a cDNA library derived from the pollen of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. Here, we describe three new TLP cDNAs (Cry j 3.4, Cry j 3.5 and Cry j 3.6). We compared the sequences, the genetic map location and the expression patterns of the Cry j 3 genes. The amino acid sequence predicted from Cry j 3.5 exhibits only limited similarity to those predicted from the other Cry j 3 genes. Linkage analysis showed that the Cry j 3.1 to Cry j 3.4 genes are located in the same linkage group, but Cry j 3.5 is located in a different group. Organ-specificity and induction by stresses and plant hormones differed among the Cry j 3 mRNAs. In pollen grains, the Cry j 3.5 mRNA expression level was higher than that of the other Cry j 3 genes. Exposure to UV-B and salt stress induced expression of Cry j 3.1. The ethylene-releasing compound ethephon strongly induced expression of Cry j 3.4. Salt stress and salicylic acid also induced expression of Cry j 3.4. Abscisic acid weakly induced expression of Cry j 3.5. Arachidonic acid strongly induced expression of Cry j 3.4 and Cry j 3.6, and weakly induced that of Cry j 3.3, whereas expression of Cry j 3.1 and Cry j 3.5 was unaffected. These results suggest that the roles of TLPs and the cascades that regulate their expression differ among the members of the TLP family in C. japonica. 相似文献
17.
Ryunosuke Tateno Keitaro Fukushima Reiji Fujimaki Tetsuya Shimamura Masami Ohgi Hirotsugu Arai Nobuhito Ohte Naoko Tokuchi Takahito Yoshioka 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(5):276-285
We investigated soil net nitrogen mineralization rate, above- and belowground biomass allocation, and nitrogen use in a Cryptomeria japonica plantation chronosequence. Total biomass accumulation showed an asymptotic accretion pattern, and the peak total biomass
accumulation rate occurred approximately 30 years after afforestation. Soil net nitrogen mineralization rate was lowest 30 years
after afforestation. Between years 30 and 88, net nitrogen mineralization increased again. These results indicate that an
imbalance in soil nitrogen supply and plant nitrogen demand occurred approximately 30 years after afforestation. Furthermore,
leaf nitrogen concentration, which was used as an index of plant nitrogen status, was lower in mature forest than in young
forest, suggesting that mature stands did not take up nitrogen as successfully. If soil resources such as nitrogen limit plant
growth, plants may increase biomass allocation to fine root structure; however, fine root biomass was not higher in 30- and
88-year-old stands than in younger stands, suggesting that changes in biomass allocation may not be effective against nitrogen
deficiency in a C. japonica plantation chronosequence. 相似文献
18.
Yuji Tsutsumi Ayako Shimada Akiko Miyano Tomoaki Nishida Tohru Mitsunaga 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(6):463-468
Screening and isolation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) based on the in vitro ACE inhibitory assay were attempted. The ethanol extract from outer bark showed the highest inhibitory activity (IC50 is 16g/ml) among 24 extracts prepared from roots, leaves, heartwood, sapwood, inner bark, and outer bark by successive extraction with four solvents. The fractionation of the outer bark ethanol extract followed by the bioassay resulted in the isolation of two strong ACE inhibitors, catechin and dimeric procyanidin B3. The bioassay of three flavan-3-ols including (+)-catechin and six flavones revealed that most of these compounds have high ACE inhibitory activity. The results suggest that the phenolic hydroxyl group at the C7 position and heterocyclic oxygen atom of these compounds are important for expressing the inhibitory activity. 相似文献
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Nova D. Doyog Roscinto Ian C. Lumbres Sung Cheol Jung Young Jin Lee 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(5):442-456
The accurate estimation of the stem volume of trees is an important task for forest managers. Two common variables used in stem volume models are the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the total height of a tree. These two variables can be used together, or only the DBH can be used. The present study was conducted to develop a simple volume model for Cryptomeria japonica found in Jeju Island, South Korea. The performance of six models using only the DBH and using both the DBH and total height as variables were evaluated. Fit statistics including coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of the estimate (SEE), mean bias (ē), absolute mean difference (AMD), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Akaike weight (AICw) were used to evaluate the models. Lack-of-fit statistics were also used for further evaluation. The results showed that the models using the DBH and total height as variables performed better than the models using only the DBH as a variable. 相似文献