Antibacterial activity of Vitex trifolia.

The petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Vitex trifolia leaves exhibited moderate inhibiting activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.     

蔓荆子研究进展

综述了蔓荆子品种考证、品种来源及资源状况、生物学特性、栽培技术、化学成分、临床应用的研究进展,为进一步研究蔓刑子提供参考。     

Insect growth regulatory activity of Vitex trifolia and Vitex agnus-castus essential oils against Spilosoma obliqua

Essential oils of Vitex trifolia and Vitex agnus-castus were evaluated against Vth instar larvae of Spilosoma obliqua, when applied topically on the dorsal side of mesothoracic region, for insect growth regulatory activity. This treatment caused extended larval period and pupal period, increase in larval mortality and adult deformity and decrease in adult emergence, fecundity of female and egg fertility of test insect.     

不同因素对单叶蔓荆无性繁殖育苗的影响

对单叶蔓荆无性繁殖育苗进行生长影响因素试验的结果表明,繁殖方式、育苗时间、材料规格对苗木生长指标具有显著影响。扦插苗的苗高、地径最大,根数最多;春季育苗的苗高、地径、根数最大;材料规格≥5.0 mm(<8.0 mm)时,苗高、地径、分枝数、根数皆最大;选用≥5.0 mm(<8.0 mm)规格材料,在春季进行扦插繁殖,苗木质量最佳。     

金樱子离体培养植株高效再生体系的建立

以金樱子带芽茎段为外植体, 对消毒时间、基本培养基、激素配比等方面进行了研究.结果表明:选用浓度为0.1%HgCl2消毒5 min最佳;MS作为基本培养基腋芽萌发整体效果较好,萌芽率达到62.1%;最佳腋芽诱导培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,萌芽率达80.28%;最佳芽增殖和继代培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,增殖系数可达到4.42;最适生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L,生根率达61.34%.     

单叶蔓荆对滨海沙地土壤养分和木麻黄生长的影响

通过对比分析蔓荆地、非蔓荆地主要养分、木麻黄生长量及蔓荆林地小气候变化特点的试验研究表明 ,单叶蔓荆能促进木麻黄生长 ,可作为海滨沙地、风口地段固沙造林的先锋植被     

鄱阳湖区单叶蔓荆产业发展的SWOT分析

从鄱阳湖区单叶蔓荆产业发展的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁4个方面进行分析,结果表明,单叶蔓荆的优势在于防风固沙且易种植,在鄱阳湖滨沙地可操作性强;其劣势在于发展中的产业链不够完善与植物种群自然演替因素的双重影响;单叶蔓荆自身的药用价值和国家政策的导向又为产业的发展迎来了新的机遇;威胁在于鄱阳湖湖滨沙生环境的日益恶化以及单叶蔓荆产业在管理恢复方面技术的欠缺。并针对其劣势、威胁提出了鄱阳湖区单叶蔓荆资源保护和产业发展的对策建议。     

金丝吊蝴蝶腋芽离体繁殖再生体系的建立

为建立金丝吊蝴蝶离体快繁再生体系,以金丝吊蝴蝶带顶芽或腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养,探讨外植体类型、消毒方法、基本培养基种类和不同激素浓度对腋芽萌发、增殖、生长的影响,结果表明:4月初取未木质化的萌发茎段诱导萌发率高、消毒效果好、污染率低;腋芽离体萌发和增殖培养最适培养基组合为:MS+6-BA2.0mg·L^-1+NAA0.2mg·L^-1,增殖系数为2。生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.2mg·L^-1生根效果较好。移栽5d后生长良好,成活率达到90%以上。     

In vitro rooting and early greenhouse growth of micropropagated Paulownia elongata shoots

Experiments focused on improving methods for rooting micropropagated Paulownia elongata shoots and enhancing the quality of plants grown from rooted shoots transferred to the greenhouse. Micropropagated shoots rooted on basal Murashige and Skoog medium, but inclusion of 0.2 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.4 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid during a 10-day rooting treatment resulted in a shorter rooting time, a greater number of roots per shoot, and shorter roots that were more easily manipulated during transfer to the greenhouse. Shoots with a greater initial height had greater rooting success than short shoots. Shoots from 1.1 to 2.0 cm in height were preferable to taller shoots because: (1) less time is required to produce them, (2) their smaller leaf size makes them easier to handle, (3) they root with about the same frequency, (4) rooted shoots are more easily transferred to the greenhouse, and (5) once in the greenhouse they attain a height that is indistinguishable from shoots that were classified as very tall at the start of the rooting process. Inclusion of sucrose in the rooting medium promoted rooting as compared to shoots rooted without sucrose. Of the fertilizer treatments applied to plants newly transferred to the greenhouse, 17-17-17 (N-P-K) and 0-44-0 each applied at 1 g/l with each watering resulted in the highest portion of plant fresh mass allocated to roots (49%).     

脱水和高氧压过程中单叶蔓荆叶片细胞膜透性分析

【目的】分析植物细胞在组织脱水过程中电解质外渗量增加的原因以及细胞膜透性变化与细胞脱水胁迫和高氧压胁迫关系,并从非平衡态热力学角度对细胞脱水程度与细胞电解质外渗量增加的比例关系进行描述,以辨明细胞膜在组织脱水过程中对离子透性的变化是否与组织脱水胁迫的伤害有关。【方法】采用植物 P －V 曲线测定技术测定单叶蔓荆叶片的水分关系并收集不同压力区间的组织压出液,用原子吸收分光光度计测定压出溶液中的钠、钾离子含量,并据此分析细胞脱水过程中细胞膜透性的变化情况。【结果】在用压力室测定植物细胞水分关系的 P－V曲线时,随着细胞失水程度和氧分压的增大,组织压出液中钠、钾离子的总量不断增加,但组织压出液中钠、钾离子的浓度随着压力升高反而下降,同时,组织压出液中钠、钾离子的总量与压力呈接近线性的正相关关系,表明细胞连续脱水和高氧分压没有导致细胞膜透性的增大。另外,组织压出液中离子累积量与压出液体积累积量的关系呈现出2个具有不同斜率的双相线性关系,首先是离子累积量快速上升的阶段,然后是离子累积量缓慢上升、累积速度大大下降的阶段。离子累积量快速上升的阶段可能表明细胞间隙溶液压出阶段,钠、钾离子含量较高;随后的压出液离子累积速度大幅下降阶段可能代表了细胞内溶液经过细胞膜超滤作用压出阶段,这一阶段压出液中钠、钾离子含量较低,说明细胞膜对钠、钾离子的透性很低,未受到脱水和高氧压胁迫的明显伤害而透性增大。【结论】在本试验的压力区间内,无论是细胞脱水程度的增大,还是压力室氧分压的大幅度升高(最高达大气氧分压的24倍),都没有引起细胞膜对钠、钾离子透性的增大。这些结果表明植物细胞膜的透性相当稳定。因此,在没有其他证据的条件下,仅仅通过组织相对电导率的增大做出脱水导致细胞膜透性增大的结论时应该更加谨慎。     

In vitro and ex vitro rooting of micropropagated shoots using three green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) clones

Shoot multiplication using seedling materials was achieved by subculture on Murashige and Skoog salts with Gamborg's B5 vitamins (MSB5) medium containing a combination of 5 M 6-benzyladenine (BA), 5 M thidiazuron (TDZ), and 1 M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with three green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) clones, SD1009 (South Dakota origin), SD2002 (South Dakota origin), and KA2018 (Kansas origin). Shoots were rooted using in vitro and ex vitro methods. For in vitro rooting studies, elongated shoots were transferred to rooting plugs supplied with liquid MSB5 medium containing a 3×3 factorial arrangement of two different auxins, -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and IBA, at three concentrations (0, 5, and 10 M). The most effective treatment for in vitro root number, root length, and shoot height was 5 M IBA. The three clones also were tested for ex vitro rooting using a quick dip in 1 mM NAA, 1 mM IBA, or control (no auxin). The maximal ex vitro rooting response occurred when shoot explants of the three clones were dipped in 1 mM IBA. Significant clonal differences were noted in response to in vitro and ex vitro rooting treatments. Rooted plantlets were acclimated to the greenhouse.     

群众杨组培体系的研究

以群众杨(Populus popularis 35-44)为材料建立组织培养再生系统。研究表明，外植体取材部位对不定芽的分化率有非常明显的影响，叶片的再生能力较弱，而幼茎的再生能力很强，叶柄的再生能力介于叶片及幼茎之间。因此，无菌苗幼茎是快繁和基因转化的理想外植体。在组培体系建立过程中发现再生不定芽中存在生长优于对照的个体，是否为体细胞无性系变异有待进一步研究。     

秃杉优选单株的离体培养技术研究

在选育12年生秃杉优良种源的优良母株上,取其枝条的顶芽为外植体,进行离体培养技术研究。结果表明,以改良WPM BA 1.0 mg/L ZT 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L CA 50 mg/L S 3%为最适宜芽苗增殖培养基;改良WPM BA 0.5 mg/L ZT 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L CA 50 mg/L S 3%为最适宜芽苗壮苗生长培养基;最适宜生根培养基为1/2MS IBA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L CA 100 mg/L S 2%;将生根的试管苗移栽于蛭石、珍珠岩、泥炭体积比为5∶3∶2的混合基质,控制温度为20~30℃,相对湿度85%~90%,保湿20~25 d,其间适当遮荫,35 d后成活率达86%以上。研究成果为秃杉优良种质保存利用提供了扩繁实用技术。     

乌桕优选单株的离体快速繁殖技术研究

选择8年生乌桕优树母株,取其枝条的腋芽茎段为外植体,进行组织培养快速繁殖技术研究。结果表明,接种时,先用70％的酒精对带芽茎段消毒30s,再用0．1％升汞灭菌11min,污染率可降到18．5％。在初代培养中,芽诱导最佳培养基为WPM＋6-BA1．5mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L,30d后的诱导率可达85．4％。在4／5...     

In vitro regeneration of Populus tomentosa from petioles

A reliable in vitro regeneration procedure for Populus tomentosa is a prerequisite for its trait improvement through genetic transformation. We established a systematic protocol for indirect regeneration of P. tomentosa using in vitro petioles of Chinese poplar cultivar ‘fasta-3'. A high frequency of callus induction([97 %) was obtained from isolated petioles cultured on the modified 1/2MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L ZT and 1.0 mg/L NAA, and the tested calli were subsequently plated on1/2MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L BA,0.25 mg/L ZT, 0.25 mg/L NAA, 0.01 mg/L TDZ, and0.5 mg/L KT for efficient regeneration of shoots after being cultured for 6 weeks. The regenerated shoots were vigorously rooted on the tested media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. These results can facilitate genetic transformation of P. tomentosa for trait improvements in future.     

In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Rhaphidophora pertusa stem

Methanol extract of Rhaphidophora pertusa stem was analyzed for its antioxidant (DPPH, reducing power and Fe(3+) metal chelation methods) and antibacterial activities. The extract was found effective against the three antioxidant test models and exhibited strong and moderate antibacterial activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria.     

An efficient in vitro process for recurrent production of cloned plants of Vitex negundo L

An efficient method for cultivation of Vitex negundo L. through axillary shoot (collected from micropropagated plants) proliferation has been successfully developed, which can be employed at a commercial scale. Axillary shoot induction was most successful using nodal explants for propagation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of single cytokinin or in various combination with auxins. We obtained the maximum percentage (97.6 ± 1.45) response with highest number (16.4 ± 0.60) of shoots per explant on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) and ??-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 5.0 and 0.5 ??M, respectively. Shoot regeneration frequency was optimized by manipulating pH and using various media. MS medium and pH 5.8 was found to be the optimum for maximum regeneration. Nodal explants from in vitro regenerated microshoots too developed shoots, thus making the process recurrent. Shootlets with 4?C5 nodes were utilized for in vitro rooting, and best response was evaluated on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 ??M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The well-developed micropropagated plants were acclimatized (97%) successfully within 2 weeks in soilrite and planted ex vitro in normal garden soil, where they grew well without any morphological and genetic variations. The present regeneration process not only favoured the rapid multiplication but also expressed the regeneration capability of micropropagated plants.     

In vitro regeneration of Salix nigra from adventitious shoots

Black willow (Salix nigra Marsh.) is the largest and only commercially important willow species in North America. It is a candidate for phytoremediation of polluted soils because it is fast-growing and thrives on floodplains throughout eastern USA. Our objective was to develop a protocol for the in vitro regeneration of black willow plants that could serve as target material for gene transformation. Unexpanded inflorescence explants were excised from dormant buds collected from three source trees and cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with one of: (1) 0.1 mg l(-1) thidiazuron (TDZ); (2) 0.5 mg l(-1) 6-benzoaminopurine (BAP); or (3) 1 mg l(-1) BAP. All plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments induced direct adventitious bud formation from the genotypes. The percentage of explants producing buds ranged from 20 to 92%, depending on genotype and treatment. Although most of the TDZ-treated inflorescences produced buds, these buds failed to elongate into shoots. Buds on explants treated with BAP elongated into shoots that were easily rooted in vitro and further established in potting mix in high humidity. The PGR treatments significantly affected shoot regeneration frequency (P < 0.01). The highest shoot regeneration frequency (36%) was achieved with Genotype 3 cultured on 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP. Mean number of shoots per explant varied from one to five. The ability of black willow inflorescences to produce adventitious shoots makes them potential targets for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with heavy-metal-resistant genes for phytoremediation.     

In vitro antioxidant activity of Argyreia cymosa bark extracts

The Argyreia cymosa bark extracts were subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity with different methods. The petroleum ether extract has shown antioxidant activity in ABTS, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical (by p-NDA) and lipid peroxidation methods. The ethyl acetate extract has shown antioxidant activity in DPPH, H(2)O(2) and hydroxyl radical (by deoxyribose) scavenging methods.     

An efficient in vitro shoot regeneration through direct organogenesis from seedling-derived petiole and leaf segments and acclimatization of Ficus religiosa

Prolific and rapid in vitro plant organogenesis via direct regeneration has been obtained from axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants of Ficus religiosa in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins in combination with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium with 1.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine plus 0.15 mg/l IBA produced the highest shoot induction frequency with an average of 6.26 and 10.13 shoots per leaf and petiole explants, respectively. After 4 weeks, the highest root formation frequency (96.7%), root number (5.73), and root length (4.76 cm) were with MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l IBA plus 0.1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid. In addition, the effect of four sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatments on acclimatization was also studied. Highest morphological traits such as survival rates, fresh and dry root weights as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase was achieved with 125 ppm SNP. The α-amino acid, proline, content was highest with this treatment while the highest H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) was in the controls. This study introduces a cost-effective, prolific, and efficient in vitro multiplication system to supply pharmaceutical and ornamental needs. It is the first report of an in vitro organogenesis protocol for F. religiosa by direct regeneration through axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants, which can be efficiently employed for the utilization of active biomolecules.