环境因子及接种量对单增李斯特菌生长的影响

为探究不同环境因子及接种量对单增李斯特菌（LM90）生长特性的影响,本试验通过测定LM90在各培养条件下的D_600nm值,分析了不同的温度、NaCl浓度、pH,以及温度（0~40℃,梯度为10℃）、NaCl浓度（3%~8%,梯度为1%）、pH （6~9,梯度为1）的交互作用下LM90的生长状况。结果显示,菌株的对数增长期为8~16 h,稳定期为16~20 h,20 h以后进入衰亡期;菌株在NaCl浓度为0.5%~4%时生长良好,其最适生长pH为7.5,最适生长温度为37℃。通过SPSS 20.0软件进行方差分析可知,各因素的交互作用均对LM90有极显著影响（P＜0.01）。本研究为进一步探讨温度、NaCl浓度、pH等因素对LM生长的影响及LM抗环境胁迫的作用机制奠定了基础。     

四环素降解细菌菌群的富集驯化及特性研究

为明晰四环素降解细菌菌群的生长特性及对盐酸四环素在不同培养条件下的降解效率,以猪粪为选菌材料,在基础无机盐培养基中(MM)加入初始浓度为50 mg/L的盐酸四环素依次富集驯化、传代培养直至盐酸四环素的浓度为300 mg/L,经过40代的富集培养,细菌群组成达到稳定,生长特性试验结果表明:细菌群落的最佳培养时间为30 h,此时D_(600 nm)值达到最大,为2.56;细菌群落生长的最适温度为30℃,此时D_(600 nm)值较20℃、25℃、35℃、40℃处理分别提高65%、19%、6%、51%,且各处理之间差异显著(P<0.05);细菌群落在不同的pH梯度(6、7、8、9)下各处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),最适宜pH为7,较pH为8和9时D_(600 nm)值分别提高5%和12%,pH为6时明显抑制菌群的繁殖。降解特性测定结果发现,细菌群落在30℃、初始pH为7、培养7 d时接种量(1%、2%、3%)对降解特性的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),碳源的添加会降低菌群对四环素的降解能力。     

猪链球菌2型生长曲线与半数致死量的测定

为精确测定猪链球菌2型的半数致死量,通过对猪链球菌2型菌株进行液体培养,采用分光光度计测定菌液的实时OD_(600)值,制作细菌的生长曲线,并确定OD_(600)值与菌液稀释倍数的关系、猪链球菌对BALB/c小鼠的半数致死量。结果猪链球菌2型用THB液体培养基培养2 h达到对数生长期,培养至5 h的菌液OD_(600)值为1.51,此时对应的活菌浓度为5.3×10~8CFU/mL;猪链球菌2型对BALB/c小鼠的LD_(50)为1.116×10~8 CFU,95%置信区间为9.429×10~8-1.311×10~8CFU。     

产大豆肽蛋白饲料的研制及其固态发酵工艺参数的优化研究

就2种菌组合协同固态发酵生产功能大豆寡肽蛋白饲料工艺参数优化的工业化研究结果进行了总结。其模式为:2种菌组合→液态接种→发酵池封闭式发酵。筛选菌种:枯草芽胞杆菌和乳酸杆菌。经优化后发酵工艺参数:时间38h;pH值为7～8;初始培养温度(37±1)℃;芽胞杆菌菌液接种量2%,乳酸菌接种量为3%;料水比为2∶1;底物组成:豆粕90%、麸皮7%、玉米粉3%。     

蟹源地衣芽孢杆菌培养条件的优化

以牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基为初始培养基,探讨了不同培养时间、初始pH值、温度、盐度(NaCl浓度)和转速对中华绒螯蟹源地衣芽孢杆菌ESB3生长的影响。结果表明:菌株ESB3产最大活菌数的培养条件为培养时间20h,初始pH为7.8,温度为30℃左右,盐度为1.5%(m/V),转速为190r/min。采用单因子试验和正交试验优化了种子培养基的组成,结果表明,最佳种子培养基:可溶性淀粉(2%)(m/V)、胰蛋白胨(2%)(m/V)、K2HPO4(0.3%)(m/V),此条件下菌株ESB3活菌数达11.09×108CFU/mL。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌液体发酵培养工艺研究

本试验旨在利用液体发酵装置对鸭疫里氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)GN52株在改良酵母肉汤中的发酵培养情况进行研究。通过染色镜检、活菌计数、D_{450 nm}值测定、pH测定等方法对RA的生长规律进行摸索,确定培养方法、最佳收菌时间及最佳灭活条件。结果表明,RA在培养过程中,菌液pH基本不变;37 ℃液体发酵培养20 h活菌含量最高,可达320亿~350亿CFU/mL;0.3%甲醛37 ℃灭活18 h为最佳;D_{450 nm}值与活菌数之间存在一定的函数关系,可通过测定RA菌液的D_{450 nm}值推算其活菌数。     

黑曲霉生产木聚糖酶固态发酵及粗酶制剂性质的研究

筛选了一株产木聚糖酶活力较高的黑曲霉菌株 ,研究了其固体培养的工艺条件。该菌的最适培养条件为 :起始 pH 4 .8,2 8℃ ,孢子悬液接种量 1 0 % ,玉米秸粉∶麸皮 (6∶4 ) ,培养时间 72h。木聚糖酶活力最高达 2 6 5 0IU/g ,营养盐、pH值及发酵时间对木聚糖酶活力影响较大。该酶的最佳作用条件 :温度 5 0℃、pH 4 .6 ,在不同温度下保温 1h ,测得半失活温度 (t1 / 2 )为 5 2℃。盐析后的酶粉活力为 91 0 5IU/g ,收率 5 0 %。酶对 3种底物降解力依次为麸皮、玉米芯和玉米秸     

尖孢镰刀菌生物学特性及杀菌剂毒力测定

为了明确苜蓿根腐病致病菌尖孢镰刀菌的生物学特性和最佳杀菌剂,本试验采用不同培养基、温度、pH、光照和碳氮源的条件培养尖孢镰刀菌,测定菌落生长速率和孢子萌发率;用4种杀菌剂与PDA培养基混合制成含药培养基培养尖孢镰刀菌,测定菌落生长速率和抑制率。结果表明:适宜培养尖孢镰刀菌培养基有PSA、SNA和YMM;适宜生长温度为20～30℃、pH为7～8;黑暗条件适于生长。其中菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25℃和20℃,最适pH分别为7和5,最适碳源分别为可溶性淀粉和麦芽糖,最适氮源分别为尿素和蛋白胨,菌丝和孢子的致死温度分别为52℃(10min)和50℃(10min)。在供试的4种杀菌剂中,75%百菌清抑制效果最好,在稀释500倍时抑制率为89%,EC_(50)为4.5279mg/L。     

九种根际促生菌最适培养条件初探

测定了分离自燕麦和小麦根际九株促生菌对温度、pH值、光照及培养方式的需求,结果表明:虽然九株促生菌适应范围较广,即在5~45℃、pH4~9、3种光照条件(12h黑暗12h光照、24h光照和24h黑暗)和3种培养方式(全天振荡、间歇振荡和静止培养)下均能较好生长,但不同菌株的最适培养条件不尽相同。通过对各菌株的最适培养条件进行了测定和分析,为后续确定促生菌的最佳发酵条件和生态适应性评价提供了依据。     

骆驼刺源产乳酸的木糖葡萄球菌分离鉴定和菌株特性研究

为了探讨产乳酸的葡萄球菌对青贮发酵的作用,试验以青贮3个月的豆科牧草疏叶骆驼刺为材料,采用MRS培养基分离、纯化细菌,革兰染色后进行细胞形态学观察,并进行生理生化特性鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析。结果表明:菌株呈球状,G+,无芽孢;产乳酸,液化明胶,水解淀粉,触酶阳性,温度生长范围为15~35℃,酸生长范围(p H值)为4~7,Na Cl生长范围为2%~12%,可利用多种碳源和氮源;该菌株与模式菌株ATCC 29971的相似性为99.7%。说明该菌为木糖葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus xylosus)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.