基于学生自主学习和创新能力培养的《动物繁殖学》课程教学改革探索

笔者以培养学生自主学习能力和创新创业精神为目标,从课程体系优化、教学内容和方法的改进以及课程考核体系的完善等方面形成促进学生自主学习能力和创新创业能力培养的改革方案。本文以动物科学专业的《动物繁殖学》课程教学改革探索为例,介绍正在进行的课程内容改革思路和实践方法,为创新教育和人才培养的教育教学改革提供参考。     

《动物生物学》课程实习考核模式探索

动物生物学课程实习考核改革需要充实实习考核内容,坚持以学生动手实践考核为主、理论考核为辅;实行动手操作、口试和笔试相结合的考核模式。     

《猪生产学》课程教学实习产学结合模式的实施与探索

实践教学是动物科学专业教学体系中的重要环节,对于提高学生综合素质和实践能力具有重要意义。在《猪生产学》课程教学实习过程中采取在农业实验基地驻场实习和综合实训的产学结合实践教学模式,通过改革和创新该课程实践教学模式,来探索动物科学专业实践教学体系的构建。     

项目教学法在《动物寄生虫学》实习教学中的应用

《动物寄生虫学》是一门实践性很强的专业课程,在其实习教学中引入项目教学法不仅有利于教学目标的实现,还可培养学生的创新能力和综合运用知识的能力。本文分析了项目教学法的特点,阐述了《动物寄生虫学》教学实习项目的设计,从项目的确定及下达、组织项目团队及制定项目计划、项目的组织实施、项目考核和评价等4个方面探讨了项目教学法在《动物寄生虫学》教学实习中的具体应用,对《动物寄生虫学》实习教学具有重要的促进意义。     

牛生产实习课程的实习方法完善与实践

生产实习是提高学生综合素质的实践教学环节。校企实习基地建成以来对生产实习教学模式进行研究改进,以创新和创业型人才为培养目标、以参与牛生产全过程为导向对牛生产实习课程方法和内容进行完善和实践;用开放教学理念和方法把该课程分成教学实习、生产实习、科研实习和兴趣实习等4个实习模块,按实习模块化实施开放式的实习方法明显提升了学生实习兴趣和专业实践能力,提高了其观察问题和解决问题的能力。     

动物繁殖学模块式教学法的应用与效果评价

自《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)》实施以来,高等教育改革取得了长足的发展。为了提高动物繁殖学课程的教学效果,西北农林科技大学动物科技学院动物繁殖学课程组在传统教学方法的基础上,引入了"模块式"教学法。笔者从动物繁殖学模块式教学的设计与运行、模块式教学的考核方法、成绩评定、学生对教学内容满意度评价及对学生未来学习工作的影响等方面进行了研究。结果表明:选择实践型培养模式的同学更擅长对操作能力强的动物繁殖技术的学习,而选择研究型培养模式的同学,学习重点集中于动物繁殖理论的学习,选择复合型培养模式的同学则介于二者之间。说明动物繁殖学采用模块式教学法收到了良好的教学效果。     

开放式教学模式在《动物繁殖学》课程中的应用

动物科学专业培养具备动物科学方面的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能,具有从事动物科学研究能力的高级专业技术人才。动物繁殖学是一门重要的专业基础课程。通过改革和探索教材编排模式、理论教学模式、实验教学模式、实习教学模式,并充分利用现有实践教学资源,以期建立《动物繁殖学》开放式的教学体系,充分调动学生的积极性,强化学生的综合素质和能力,提高课程的教学效果和质量。     

动物环境卫生学实验课程教学改革探索

动物环境卫生学实验课是加强学生操作技能的主要环节。通过实验课,可以让学生更好地对养殖场环境做出正确的评价,因此,有必要全面提高实验课的教学质量和效果。论述了动物环境卫生学实验课程建设中的一些主要问题,主要从教学观念、实验内容、教学方法、课程考核评价4个方面进行了分析,提出了动物环境卫生学实验课程改革的对策和建议。     

双创背景下家禽生产学实验教学改革探索

在“大众创业、万众创新”的时代背景下,以“培养具有创新精神和创造能力的人才”作为指导思想,以创新创业能力培养为导向,开展家禽生产学实验教学改革,提高地方高校动物科学专业本科生的创新创业能力。对家禽生产学实验教学课程分别从教学内容、教学模式、考核方法三个方面进行优化改革,以便更好地培养高质量的双创人才。     

高职动物医学专业学生双向创业孵化模式探索与实践

高职动物医学专业相应的就业岗位和工作环境适合学生创业。通过专业教师技术支持、选派在校动物医学专业学生到毕业生创业动物诊疗机构跟岗实习,支持毕业生创业,创业毕业生反向指导在校生创业,为在校生创业奠定专业基础的"双向"创业孵化模式,为动物医学专业学生创业探索出一条可行之路。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.