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受精前障碍是影响园艺作物远缘杂交育种成功与否的首要因素。文章概述了远缘杂交在园艺作物育种领域的重要意义和最新进展;从亲本育性和杂交亲和性两个方面对受精前生殖障碍的类型、特征和机理进行了综述和分析;重点阐述了克服远缘杂交受精前障碍的方法,包括合理选择亲本、物理处理花粉和柱头、化学处理花粉和柱头、改良授粉方式、试管离体受精、体细胞融合和使用桥梁亲本等;最后对未来研究的重点和方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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综述了近20年来国内外利用植物细胞工程技术进行油菜育种所取得的成就。器官、组织和单细胞培养不仅可用于繁殖和保存种质,而且已用来诱导体细胞变异,产生突变体。花药、小孢子体系的建立,促进了单倍体育种的进行,加速了作物育种进程。子房、胚珠和胚培养以及体细胞杂交可用于克服远缘杂交的不亲和性和杂种的不育性,有利于拓宽种质资源。通过分析提出了在今后的油菜育种中,植物细胞工程技术将是一种重要的辅助育种手段。 相似文献
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综述了近20年来国内外利用植物细胞工程技术进行油菜育种所取得的成就。器官、组织和单细胞培养不仅可用于繁殖和保存种质,而且已用来诱导体细胞变异,产生突变体。花药、小孢子体系的建立,促进了单倍体育种的进行,加速了作物育种进程。子房、胚珠和胚培养以及体细胞杂交可用于克服远缘杂交的不亲和性和杂种的不育性,有利于拓宽种质资源。通过分析提出了在今后的油菜育种中,植物细胞工程技术将是一种重要的辅助育种手段。 相似文献
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棉花种间杂交抗棉铃虫资源选育 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
棉属野生种共有46 个,这为棉花遗传育种提供了丰富的资源宝库。有些野生种具有天然的抗虫性。利用棉花远缘杂交的方法,把野生种的抗虫性转移到栽培种上,充分利用棉属内存的天然资源,是当前提高棉花抗虫性行之有效的方法。从1973 年开始,我组通过棉花远缘杂交研究创造了一套克服棉花远缘杂交不亲和性技术,即采用种间杂交铃喷施植物生长素,杂种胚离体培养并在试管内利用秋水仙碱溶液进行染色体加倍的方法,有效地解决了种间杂交铃、杂种胚的发育和F1 结实率的难题,并先后获得14 个野生种与栽培种的杂种高代材料,从中已筛选出一批抗棉铃虫的种质资源,并选出了92- 48- 2、92- 26- 2、6- 1 和科181×完紫等高产、优质,抗棉铃虫的优良品系。 相似文献
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芒属植物多倍体诱导技术的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
芒属植物是一种新兴的纤维素类生物质能源植物。为了提高芒属植物生物质产量和开发具有抗逆性的新品种,国内外广泛开展了关于其多倍体育种的研究。近年来,通过对其体外再生和诱变育种等方面进行研究,取得了一些重要成果。本研究从芒属植物体外培养时外植体的选择,愈伤和丛生芽的诱导,多倍体诱导过程中秋水仙碱和氨磺灵的处理,倍性鉴定方法这几个方面对芒属植物多倍体诱导的相关研究做了综述,并对芒属植物多倍体育种的应用和发展前景提出了展望。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,19(17):5782-5792
紫牡丹是进行栽培牡丹花色改良育种的关键亲本之一。设置紫牡丹与亚组内、亚组间、亚组间杂交后代及芍药组等多个杂交组合,并观察受精前障碍。结果表明:(1)紫牡丹不存在无融合生殖,异株授粉结实率最高,自交结实率最低;(2)紫牡丹作母本的杂交组合亲和性好于作父本,紫牡丹与其杂种后代组合亲和性较好;(3)紫牡丹为母本,栽培品种为父本的杂交组合亲和性高于紫牡丹为父本的组合;(4)紫牡丹×黄牡丹受精前障碍主要表现为花粉粒附着、花粉管萌发慢、到达雌蕊各部分时间延迟,生长方向杂乱、管内出现胼胝质块,形态基本正常且能正常到达子房的花粉数量较少。探究紫牡丹结实特性及不同杂交组合亲和性差异,有助于获得更多杂交种子,提高育种效率。 相似文献
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Crossability of American tree peony ‘High Noon’ as seed parent with Japanese cultivars to breed superior cultivars 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Qing Hao Noriaki Aoki Jyunko Katayama Tetsuya Kako Kyeong-Seong Cheon Yusuke Akazawa Nobuo Kobayashi 《Euphytica》2013,191(1):35-44
The tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a valuable ornamental plant. American and French cultivars have desirable flower colors, while, Japanese cultivars have larger flowers with better presentation. We hybridized an American tree peony cultivar ‘High Noon (HN)’ (the seed parent) with 57 different Japanese cultivars (pollen parents) to investigate cross compatibility, with the ultimate goal of obtaining improved hybrids. Of the 1,927 crosses performed, 135 (38 cross combinations) yielded a total of 181 seeds (86 mature) and 22 seedlings. Five of the hybrids have already flowered and exhibited their parent character with large yellow flowers. To investigate the causes of cross incompatibility, we examined pollen tube growth in a cross between ‘HN’ and a Japanese cultivar. The result indicated that there are three most important causes of incompatibility, namely, abnormal pollen tube growth, the failure of fertilized ovules, and poor seed germination. Although cross compatibility in each combination was low, crosses between ‘HN’ and Japanese cultivars might be successful with the right paternal plants. In this study, 13 Japanese cultivars had higher cross compatibility with ‘HN’ than the others. Our results will enhance tree peony breeding and guide the selection of parents for hybridization. 相似文献
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[目的]为研究蝴蝶兰观赏性状遗传规律,优化杂交亲本,更加高效的培育高品质的蝴蝶兰新品种。[方法]以5份大红花蝴蝶兰为材料,设计了3组正反交杂交组合,并对杂种后代花底色、花径、花朵数、花梗高度、植株冠幅等主要观赏性状进行了观测分析。[结果]结果表明,3个组合正反交杂种后代,花底色、花朵数、花梗高度等性状杂种优势明显,在花色上出现了亲本没有的花斑变化,正反交分离表现明显不同,深紫红色大红花作为母本时,获得深色杂种后代的几率更高;3个杂交组合正反交杂种后代花径分离表现不尽相同,‘T’和‘R’组合正反交杂种后代花径则表现超亲优势,而‘133’和‘62’,‘J’和‘62’正反交则表现出一定程度的衰退现象,当母本花径较大时,杂种后代花径总体较大,但获得超亲花径的比例低;3个组合正反交植株冠幅均表现一定程度的衰退现象。[结论]该研究结果初步阐明大红花杂种后代主要观赏性状的分离表现,为蝴蝶兰育种亲本的选配和新品种选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
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杜鹃花新品种的培育需要时间较长,而从自然界中选择自然杂交种来培育,能够节省许多时间。贵州百里杜鹃自然保护区内马缨杜鹃和迷人杜鹃自然杂交的后代能产生更多花色,具有一定的观赏价值和研究价值。本试验以贵州省百里杜鹃景区迷人杜鹃与马缨杜鹃杂交种的花苞、芽、茎段和根为材料,筛选了一种诱导迷人杜鹃和马缨杜鹃杂交种的愈伤组织的方法。结果表明:最佳消毒方法为0.1%的升汞浸泡8 min,期间不断搅拌的方式对外植体进行灭菌处理,之后用无菌蒸馏水冲洗4~5次,当选择使用1/2WPM+1.0 mg/L ZT+2.0 mg/Lα-NAA+100 mg/L的水解酪蛋白+30 g/L蔗糖+8 g/L琼脂粉,pH值为5.0的培养基时,迷人杜鹃与马缨杜鹃杂交种的愈伤组织长势最好。本研究结果为迷人杜鹃与马缨杜鹃杂交种的无性繁殖奠定了理论基础,为解决杂交品种后代性状不稳定以及繁殖问题提供了一种行之有效的方法,以期为杜鹃的种质资源保护、新品种选育、扩大繁殖和推广应用提供依据。 相似文献
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Genetic diversity between parents is important for hybrid breeding and for maximum usefulness of a cross in pure line breeding. However, wide crosses may suffer from poor adaptation in the target environments and recombination losses owing to disruption of favourable epistatic gene combinations. In this study we investigated the importance of various gene effects for different traits in the parents and generations F1 to F5 derived from 99 intra- and inter-pool crosses among 20 lines of the Minor, Major, and Mediterranean germplasm pools of faba bean in Mediterranean and German environments. Yield performance of parental inbreds and progenies of crosses in different selfing generations was high in the region of adaptation of the respective germplasm pool. Heterosis for yield was greatest in interpool crosses of Minor × Mediterranean germplasm, amounting to 106% in Mediterranean and 72% in German environments. Interpool crosses exhibited significantly greater heterosis compared with intrapool crosses in both mega-environments. Generation means analysis revealed the importance of additive gene effects and dominance × dominance epistasis in Mediterranean and German environments. Dominance effects and additive × additive epistasis for yield were negligible in most crossing groups. Since intrapool crosses of Mediterranean germplasm in Mediterranean environments and crosses of Minor and Major germplasm in the German environments were most promising, we suggest crosses among adapted germplasm for hybrid breeding and for establishing new base material in line breeding in faba bean. 相似文献
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Rice, one of most important crops, is emerging not only as a model plant for molecular biological studies in cereal crops,
but also as a model system for hybrid breeding methodologies, which include three-line system, two-line system and one-line
system, corresponding to inter-varietal heterosis, inter-subspecific heterosis and heterosis of distant hybridization based
on enhancing heterosis level, respectively. The developmental goal and direction of rice breeding are to simplify procedure
of hybrid breeding and to enhance heterosis level. One-line breeding is not only to use distance cross for enhancing heterosis
but also to lock hybrid vigor and to produce permanent hybrid. Rice of early generation stability, sporophytic apomictic rice
or gametophytic apomictic rice might be used as a genetic tool for one-line breeding, and also represent three main methods
and three development stages in one-line breeding. 相似文献
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目的:为选育优质高产向日葵新品种及向日葵柱头颜色遗传规律研究提供依据.方法:以4种柱头颜色典型的食用向日葵亲本材料为试材,通过连续两年正反交试验,研究不同柱头颜色向日葵亲本传粉效应及亲和效应.结果:在相同的授粉条件下,4种柱头颜色向日葵自交系自交后柱头存活时间及结实率无明显变化,然而自然异交后两者均有明显差异.自交系间花粉数量(N)变化同样明显;三系杂交表现为亲本柱头颜色相差越大,A系柱头存活时间越短;传粉效应(C1)表现为C1黄 < C1红 < C1紫 < C1黑紫,亲和效应(C2)表现为双亲颜色相差越大,C2越大.结论:柱头颜色在影响结实率的诸多因素中有积极作用,且与亲本的传粉效应及亲和效应存在相关性. 相似文献
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国兰与大花蕙兰杂交育种及无菌播种研究进展 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
利用国兰与大花蕙兰杂交进行新品种的选育是兰属的育种趋势。笔者对近年来国兰、大花蕙兰的杂交育种及无菌播种取得的成果进行总结,并从杂交亲本的选择及核型分析应用2个方面概述国兰与大花蕙兰种间的杂交育种进展,主要分析基本培养基、激素及有机添加物等对国兰与大花蕙兰无菌播种的影响。指出其中存在的一些主要问题,并对其育种趋势进行展望。 相似文献