共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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小麦是我国主要粮食作物,常年播种面积3.2亿亩左右,生产商品小麦920亿kg左右,需小麦种子25.6亿kg,如何控制和提高小麦良种质量,直接关系到国家粮食生产安全和农民经济收入.小麦种子生产单位要高度重视种子生产质量,为农业安全生产和农民增收做出质量保证. 相似文献
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本刊2004年第10期《植物生长调节剂在小麦生产上的应用》一文介绍了10种常用于小麦生产的植物生产调节剂.为了让大家能对此有更深刻、更广泛的了解,现再简要介绍几种近年来国内外研究开发的新型的可用于小麦生产及育种的植物生长调节剂,供参考. 相似文献
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河南省小麦育种的发展方向探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
小麦生产发展对品种的产量及农艺性状提出了更高要求,农村劳动力缺乏导致栽培管理不到位,气候和环境条件变化使小麦抗逆性和抗病性面临新的挑战。针对上述问题,结合育种研究方向、育种目标及育种方法进行了探讨,并提出了相应的意见和建议。 相似文献
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通过对5个国审京冬系列小麦品种京冬12、京冬17、京冬18、京冬22和京花9号在北部冬麦区区域试验中的表现,对其进行农艺和品质性状分析.结果表明:京冬系列品种中早熟,株型紧凑,灌浆进程快,后期叶片功能期长,产量三因素比较协调,综合丰产稳产性及抗性较好.其育种思路是根据北京地区小麦穗分化和灌浆期短的气候生态特点,明确"以粒大为特点,以穗粒质量为优势,同时兼顾产量三因素协调发展"的中间型育种模式,通过高代品系的多点种植,注重选择综合的农艺性状和抗性. 相似文献
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Kishk Abdelmageed Xu-hong CHANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie WANG Yu-shuang YANG Guang-cai ZHAO Zhi-qiang TAO 《农业科学学报》2019,18(3):483-495
Wheat was the first crop grown in Egypt, and it remains highly important. Egypt is the largest wheat importer in the world and consumes an extensive amount of bread. It is imperative for wheat scientists to decrease the large gap between production and consumption. Wheat yields in Egypt increased 5.8-fold(6.7 billion kg) between 1961 and 2017 due to variety improvement and the use of better planting methods such as the raised bed method, ideal sowing date, surge flow irrigation and farm irrigation systems, laser levelling, fertilizers, and intercropping with raised beds. In this paper, the development of wheat production techniques and variety evolution over more than five decades in Egypt have been analyzed. In particular, we have focused on the technologies, cultural practices and causes for per unit area yield increase. The main purpose was to study the issues that have arisen during wheat production and to make recommendations for smart agricultural practices. In 1981, the yield was 3 300 kg ha–1 and through the improvement of varieties, expansion of agricultural land and the adoption of modern agricultural techniques yield reached 6 500 kg ha–1 by 2017. The production growth rate was 4.1% annually, and the total grain yield increased 4.3-fold, from 1.9 billion kg in 1981 to about 8.1 billion kg in 2017. The use of new improved varieties, new cultivation techniques, and modern irrigation techniques contributed to 97.0% of the increase in yield per unit area and 1.5% of the increase in yield was due to planting area expansion. Therefore, the increase in total yield mainly depended on the increase in yield per unit area. Wheat production in Egypt has been improved through the development of breeding and cultivation techniques. The use of these new techniques, the popularization of new high-quality seed varieties, and the use of the raised bed method instead of the old method of planting in basins have made the largest contributions to increased yield. In the future, wheat yield could be further increased by using the tridimensional uniform sowing mode and the development of wheat varieties that are resistant to rusts, deficit irrigation, and abiotic stress, that are highly adaptable to mechanized operation and have high yields. Based on our analysis, we propose the main technical requirements and measures to increase wheat yield in Egypt in the near future. 相似文献
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我国硬粒小麦育种研究概况及开发前景 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
简要介绍了我国硬粒小麦育种的概况及硬粒小麦材料的创新和育种方法的研究.利用复合杂交选育出了一批综合农艺性状好的硬粒小麦品系.株高在60~95cm,千粒重在40~55g,产量水平达到或接近普通小麦大面积的生产水平.对其品质性状、栽培特点进行了初步的分析.结果表明,硬粒小麦品质性状已达到一个较好的水平,有的品系湿面筋可达到 38.7%,类胡萝卜素含量达到8.500mg/kg以上.栽培上,应注意播种对土壤墒情要求较高.此外,还对硬粒小麦的主要用途和营养价值做了阐述,并对硬粒小麦开发和利用作了分析,认为我国硬粒小麦市场前景广阔,发展潜力很大. 相似文献
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许梅芬 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1991,(1)
采用等电聚焦丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和微核技术,分析检测了三种激光对小麦L_1代的诱变效应,电冰分析表明:激光确有提高酯酶活性的作用,表现在酯酶带增加、电泳扫描图上反映出峰面扩大且色泽加深;在形态上植株生长健壮;在花粉母细胞分裂间划,微核率比对照增加0.13~1.99%,研究结果还表明,激光能诱发小麦L_1和L_2代性状的变异,对经激光处理后的L_1有促进生长的作用,而且使L_2的部份经济性状产生了变异,如出现的高秆突变率>矮秆突变率,以15 W的CO_2激光处理2分钟的诱变效果最好,我们利用CO_2激光辐射处理小麦干种子,选育出了浙娄3号和浙麦4号新品种。 相似文献
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2004年新育成小麦品种(系)成株期抗条锈性鉴定分析 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
采用4个条锈菌生理小种(类型)对2004年新育成的180份小麦品种(系)进行了成株期分小种鉴定。结果表明,对条32号、31号、水11-14和太白4表现抗病的品种(系)分别为52,65,83和110份,所占比例依次为29.1%,39.4%,50.9%和64.0%。小麦区试品种自然诱发发病情况调查表明,黄淮区试品种的抗性优于陕西省区试品种,岐山县区试圃自然发病重于杨凌区区试圃。 相似文献
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