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利用原位杂交及CAPS标记分析芸薹属A、B和C基因组间的关系 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
以来源于Brassica rapa基因组(AA)的重复序列(151 bp)为探针, 分别同二倍体白菜型油菜(AA, 2n=20)、甘蓝(CC, 2n=18)和异源四倍体芥菜型油菜(AABB, 2n=36)的中期染色体杂交, 白菜型油菜和甘蓝的所有染色体上都有杂交信号, 芥菜型油菜的染色体上显示出20个明显的信号, 其余染色体上信号很弱或无, 可以区分出A和B基因组。对来源于油菜3个基本种与3个复合种FAE1基因进行CAPS分析表明, 3个基本种表现出不同的酶切式样, 用Mbo I和Msp I酶切表现出多态性, 基因组A和C非常相似, 而基因组B与A、C关系较远, 同时3个复合种也并不是2个基本种的简单相加, 表明异源四倍体在长期进化过程中可能发生了重排和重组。 相似文献
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欧洲油菜(B.napus L.;2n=38)是一个相对年轻的物种,它是通过芜菁(B.rapa L.;2n=20)与甘蓝(B.oleracea L.;2n=18)间自然杂交产生的。目前欧洲的油菜是世界上最重要的油料作物。然而,它有限的地理范围和集约育种已经导致了现行育种材料相对狭窄的 相似文献
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人工合成甘蓝型油菜是拓宽油菜遗传育种种质资源的有效途径,也是研究芸薹属物种起源与演化的重要手段之一。为了把黄籽沙逊的黄籽性状同芥蓝的优良特性相结合,本研究利用白菜型油菜黄籽沙逊(Brassica. campestris var. Yellow Sarson Pain, 2n=AA=20)与芥蓝(Brassica albograbra, 2n=CC=18)开展了芸薹属种间杂交研究,在MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+7%蔗糖+活性炭1.0 mg/L的培养基上,通过胚珠培养从授粉7 d的140个胚珠中得到6个远缘杂交胚发育而成的植株,其中1个自然加倍成为双二倍体,随后应用形态学、细胞学和分子标记的方法对双二倍体种间杂种植株进行了鉴定,结果表明杂种植株生长势较强,形态属于中间类型;根尖染色体压片观察显示杂种植株具有父母本的染色体数量之和;SSR分子标记分析表明,杂种植株包含了双亲的遗传信息,由此证明了所获杂种的真实性,这为最后自交分离获得黄籽甘蓝型油菜提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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芥菜型油菜(AABB,2n=36)是印度的一种重要油料作物,它是由芜菁(AA,2n=20)和黑芥(BB,2n=16)自然形成的双二倍体。印度的芥菜型油菜品种都是来自较窄的遗传资源库,这限制了对品种的进一步育种改良。解决问题的方法之一是采用远缘杂交从其二倍体祖先芜菁和黑芥重新合成芥菜型油菜。重新合成芥菜型油菜增大了遗传变异,这种变异在 相似文献
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以芥蓝与甘蓝、白菜、芥菜等8个芸薹属近缘物种为材料,采用常规压片法进行染色体核型分析,结果表明,芥蓝和青花菜、花椰菜、结球甘蓝的核型公式分别为2n=2x=18=10m+8sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=10m+8sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=8m+10sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=18=6m+12sm (2SAT),核型类型均为2A型;大白菜和小白菜核型公式为2n=2x=20=14m (2SAT)+6sm、2n=2x=20=16m (2SAT)+4sm,核型类型均为1B型;雪里蕻、榨菜核型公式为2n=2x=36=22m+14sm (2SAT)、2n=2x=36=26m+10sm (2SAT),核型类型均为2B型;芥蓝的核型在核型类型、核型不对称系数、臂比、随体分布染色体类型等核型特征上与甘蓝类高度类似,与白菜类和芥菜类差异较大。芥蓝的核型进化程度位于青花菜与花椰菜、结球甘蓝之间,与白菜类和芥菜类相距较远。因此,本试验结果支持芥蓝为甘蓝种的一个变种。 相似文献
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几种芸薹属油菜的起源和进化 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
本文主要介绍油菜的起源和进化情况,特别是有关中国芸薹和芥菜型油菜,以及从国外引进的甘兰型油菜的历史考证。近年来,由于在华中和西北发现山芥菜和野生型黑芥,可以得出结论说,油菜是多源发生的,中国是白菜型油菜和芥菜型油菜的发源中心之一。白菜型原始祖先 B.compostris 起源于华中和西北,B.chinensis 型油菜起源于中国中 相似文献
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芸薹属B基因组包含许多在育种中有用的性状和基因,然而它的研究却非常有限。为了创建全套甘蓝-黑芥单体异附加系来解析B基因组,在本研究中我们针对芸薹属B基因组染色体创建了一套以SSR分子标记和FISH技术为核心的高效、快速、准确地鉴定和筛选体系。利用该体系,我们在以异源三倍体杂种(2n=26,CC.B)作为母本,用亲本甘蓝(2n=18,CC)作轮回亲本的回交后代中进行异附加系的鉴定和筛选。结果表明,采用该体系能够准确的鉴定和筛选出在C基因组上附加的每一条B基因组染色体的单体异附加系(2n=19,CC+1B1-8);并且效率很高,仅回交3代我们就获得了7个不同的单体异附加系。创建的甘蓝-黑芥单体异附加系对于黑芥基因组结构和进化的研究以及优良性状的应用都具有重要价值。 相似文献
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为了探究芸薹属甘蓝型油菜(B. napus)、白菜(B. rapa)、甘蓝(B. oleracea) 3个物种的进化关系,本研究利用生物信息分析学的方法,测定芸薹属VFB4基因成员的氨基酸序列,染色体定位和二级结构。利用VFB4基因在染色体上的位置,绘制出染色体定位图和3个物种的进化系统发育树,并对3个物种的亲缘关系进行讨论。结果显示,芸薹属VFB4基因编码的氨基酸数在524~534之间,均为亲水蛋白,亚细胞定位均在细胞核中。VFB4基因不含内含子,GC含量很高,但是在染色体上分布不均匀。系统进化发育树分析得出,芸薹属物种间的同源性非常的高,种内的同源性不是很高。通过对基因的对比分析发现,芸薹属VFB4位点符合禹氏三角理论,但是不完全符合芸薹属三倍体进化学说。本研究结果可为进一步研究芸薹属基因进化提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Ovule culture was used to overcome postzygotic interspecific incompatibility in reciprocal crosses between Brassica campestris and B. oleracea. Hybrid plants were obtained from 82 % of all reciprocal pollinations, representing 91 % of the attempted combinations. Comparisons of the embryo culture and the ovule culture indicated a significantly higher germination rate after ovule culture. 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜与近缘种、属杂交时花粉-雌蕊相互作用的研究 总被引:27,自引:4,他引:27
甘蓝型油菜作母本与白菜、甘蓝、黑芥、芥菜型油菜和埃塞俄比亚芥杂交时,花粉粘合程度减弱。花粉管常常不能穿入柱头,与花粉管接触的柱头乳突细胞内普遍产生胼胝质。少数异源花粉管能穿过柱头进入花柱,但时有异常胼胝质沉积在花粉管中。海甘蓝的花粉很难粘合在甘蓝型油菜柱头上。异种花粉与甘蓝型油菜雌蕊的亲和性按大小依次 相似文献
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试验分别对“胞质不育大白菜×羽衣甘蓝”和“胞质不育结球甘蓝×羽衣甘蓝”进行了连续三代的回交亲和性的对比研究。结果表明,在“胞质不育大白菜×羽衣甘蓝”的回交进程中,BC2亲和指数为2.45,仍有较强的生殖隔离,但连续回交到BC4时,亲和指数提高到6.17,不亲和性已逐步被克服。在“胞质不育结球甘蓝×羽衣甘蓝”的回交进程中,BC2、BC3和BC4之间的回交亲和指数分别为6.20、6.23和6.27,方差分析表明差异不显著,符合羽衣甘蓝与结球甘蓝是变种间关系。两个回交转育组合比较,发现种间组合“大白菜×羽衣甘蓝”回交到BC4时亲和性已经接近变种间组合“结球甘蓝×羽衣甘蓝”。 相似文献
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采用白菜子房培养和甘蓝胚培养方法得到了带有标记性状的白菜和甘蓝种间杂种,并将这些人工合成甘蓝型油菜回交于白菜,得到31个白菜-甘蓝单体附加系(2n=21),和18个双体附加系(2n=22),为进一步对附加染色体上的所载基因定位奠定了基础。此外,还研究了附加甘蓝染色体对雄笥和雌性育性的影响,结果表明,白菜中附加甘蓝染色体可明显降低育性,特别是可显著降低附加系的自交和杂交结实率。 相似文献
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Summary Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans was assessed in Brassica napus, B. juncea, B. carinata, B. nigra and progeny issuing from an interspecific cross B. napus × B. juncea, using a cotyledon-inoculation test. In these individual plants, brassilexin accumulation was determined following an abiotic, non-specific, elicitation. All the tested B. napus cultivars were highly susceptible to the parasite and weakly accumulated brassilexin. In contrast, B. juncea, B. carinata, and B. nigra usually displayed a hypersensitive response to the inoculation and accumulated more brassilexin than B. napus. The same correlation between resistance to L. maculans and phytoalexin accumulation was observed in the interspecific hybrid progeny. The cotyledon-inoculation test allowed the discrimination of plants displaying a hypersensitive response to the inoculation from those highly sensitive to the parasite, but intermediate disease severity classes were not usually representative of resistance or susceptibility. In this respect, brassilexin determination allowed differentiation, within a set of plants presenting an intermediate response to the pathogen, of plants with a high (B. juncea-like), and with a weak (B. napus-like) ability to accumulate brassilexin.Abbreviations IHP
interspecific hybrid progeny
- JR
B. juncea-type complete resistance to blackleg (Roy, 1984)
- W&D test
cotyledon-inoculation test as described by Williams & Delwiche (1979) 相似文献
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The relationship between leaf nitrogen content (N) versus photosynthetic rate (PN) and other associated parameters was examined in Brassica juncea , cv. Pusa Bold and B campestris , cv. Pusa Kalyani. Leaf N, specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area and PN were significantly higher in B. juncea , while the chlorophyll content was significantly lower compared to Brassica campestris. A significant positive correlation was obtained between leaf N content and photosynthetic rate in both species. Similarly, SLW was also positively related with leaf N content, Brassica juncea showed higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than B campestris. Leaf N and PNUE were negatively associated. This was attributed to a low investment of N in photosynthesis related reactions and/or partitioning of N towards compounds functionally unrelated to photosynthesis. This attribution is further supported by the negative relationship obtained between SLW and PNUE. 相似文献
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A. SRIVASTAVA A. MUKHOPADHYAY N. ARUMUGAM V. GUPTA J. K. VERMA D. PENTAL A. K. PRADHAN 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(2):204-206
The objective of this study was to broaden the genetic base in oleiferous Brassica juncea by resynthesis, using 10 diverse parental lines of oleiferous B. rapa and two lines of B. nigra of both Indian and exotic origin. Out of 14 crosses attempted using B. rapa as the female parent, eight were successful. Embryo rescue was necessary to obtain interspecific plants. A total of 29 fertile interspecific plants were obtained after colchicine treatment. In the S2 generation, the expression of component characters in the majority of the resynthesized plants showed a negative trend. The resynthesized B. juncea lines are being maintained through repeated selfing and selection at each generation for desirable plant types. This process will continue till the progeny lines of the desirable plants achieve uniformity. 相似文献