琯溪蜜柚BAC文库的构建和汁胞粒化相关基因的筛选

【目的】构建琯溪蜜柚BAC文库,利用该文库筛选与汁胞粒化相关的基因。【方法】用温和的物理方法获得高分子量DNA,部分酶切后进行回收、连接、转化,超低温保存阳性克隆。构建DNA样品混合样,PCR法筛选文库,生物信息学分析DNA序列。【结果】改进了适合琯溪蜜柚BAC文库构建的方法;构建的琯溪蜜柚BAC文库含有26112个单克隆,空载率小于1%,叶绿体DNA的污染率不超过1%,插入片段平均大小大约120kb,覆盖8倍的琯溪蜜柚基因组。利用与琯溪蜜柚汁胞粒化相关的EST序列设计PCR引物筛选文库,得到一段大小为1088 bp的DNA序列,该序列含有两段大小分别为122bp和172bp的内含子,经同源比对发现,该序列中部分序列与蓖麻(Ricinus communis)、杨树(Populus trichocarpa)多铜氧化酶(multicopper oxidase)cDNA序列分别有85%和71%的同源性;与毛叶番荔枝(Annona cherimola)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)果胶酯酶(pectinesterase)cDNA序列分别有76%和73%的同源性。【结论】本研究构建的BAC文库适用于琯溪蜜柚功能基因组的研究,从BAC文库筛选获得的DNA序列与汁胞粒化相关的基因有高度同源性。     

高产优质抗病棉花品种中棉所12号细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库构建

中棉所12号是我国自育的高产、优质、抗枯萎病、耐黄萎病棉花品种，其重要创新是使抗性和产量、品质得到结合改良和提高。本研究以plndigoBAC-5为载体，对中棉所12号进行了细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库构建。初步建立的文库含有38800个克隆，覆盖2倍基因组。对文库中132个重组克隆的分析表明：插入片段为50～150kb，平均大小为120kb；大于100kb的克隆占87．7％，大于110kb的克隆占56％；空载率小于1％。该文库的构建为深入开展棉花基因组有关研究奠定了基础。     

橡胶树胶乳均一化全长cDNA文库的构建与EST测序分析

 【目的】构建橡胶树胶乳均一化全长cDNA文库,降低胶乳中存在的高丰度表达基因的拷贝数,提高胶乳表达基因的分离鉴定和EST测序分析效率。【方法】以橡胶树无性系热研7-33-97的胶乳为材料,将胶乳全长cDNA与Gateway供体载体pDONR222重组,构建了橡胶树胶乳的非剪切型全长cDNA原始文库,经检测原始文库的滴度为6.0×106 cfu/mL,平均插入片段长度大于1.5 kb,重组率约为100%,全长cDNA比例约为76%;利用基因组DNA饱和杂交技术对胶乳原始cDNA文库进行均一化处理,构建橡胶树胶乳的均一化全长cDNA文库。【结果】胶乳均一化全长cDNA文库的总库容量(总CFU)为1.87×105,重组率大于95%。定量RT-PCR检测表明,橡胶树胶乳2个高丰度表达基因,即小橡胶粒子蛋白(SRPP)和橡胶延长因子(REF)基因,在均一化cDNA文库中的表达量均下降了约1 000倍。【结论】构建了均一化效果良好的橡胶树胶乳全长cDNA文库,并对文库中随机的12 000个克隆进行了测序,获得高质量的有效EST(expressed sequence tag)序列为11 951条,经拼接共获得单一基因(unigene)为3 394个,其中包括片段重叠群(contig)2 061个和单一EST序列(singlet)1 333个。此cDNA文库将可用于橡胶树功能基因组研究、新基因筛选、高通量EST测序以及橡胶树胶乳cDNA芯片的制备。     

The Establishment of Immunochemistry Test Based on a Synthetic PeptideAntibody for the Detection of a Porcine Circovirus-Like Virus P1

Recently, a novel porcine circovirus-like virus P1 with a circular DNA genome of 0.648 kb was identified. P1 antigen was detected both in vitro and in vivo by synthetic peptide-derived polyclonal antibody-based immunochemistry. The designed peptides were synthesized by solid-phase technique, purified by high per-formance liquid chromatography, coupled to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and injected into rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody. The emergence of positive cells revealed that synthetic peptide could elicit antibodies against P1 and viral protein could be synthesized. The polyclonal peptide antibodies described here was successfully ap-plied to immunochemical staining and proved helpful in diagnosing P1.     

Global transposon mutagenesis and a minimal Mycoplasma genome

Mycoplasma genitalium with 517 genes has the smallest gene complement of any independently replicating cell so far identified. Global transposon mutagenesis was used to identify nonessential genes in an effort to learn whether the naturally occurring gene complement is a true minimal genome under laboratory growth conditions. The positions of 2209 transposon insertions in the completely sequenced genomes of M. genitalium and its close relative M. pneumoniae were determined by sequencing across the junction of the transposon and the genomic DNA. These junctions defined 1354 distinct sites of insertion that were not lethal. The analysis suggests that 265 to 350 of the 480 protein-coding genes of M. genitalium are essential under laboratory growth conditions, including about 100 genes of unknown function.     

木薯一个假定的NBS类抗病基因的获得及其功能分析

根据已克隆植物NBS类抗病基因的保守结构域设计一对简并引物．以抗细菌性枯萎病木薯种质E1340基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增获得大小约0．5kb的产物。该产物克隆、测序后比对木薯基因组数据库,分别获取其上下游各1．7kb和2．0kb的序列,进行基因预测。预测结果表明,扩增到的序列位于一个预测基因内,该基因命名为SNBl。序列分析表明,该基因编码986aa,具有NBS类抗病基因的结构特征,是一个假定的抗病基因,可能在木薯抗细菌性枯萎病过程中发挥重要作用。     

鸡败血霉形体抗原基因的筛选和DNA电泳鉴定

应用鸡败血霉形体抗血清筛选鸡败血霉形体Ｓ６株基因文库,得到１７９个阳性克隆,不足重组噬菌体的１％。反复筛选后,获得５个强阳性克隆。抽提ＤＮＡ酶切鉴定,发现２个克隆的外源片段在５ｋｂ左右,另２个在２．５ｋｂ左右,一个为３．６ｋｂ,为特异抗原的制备和基因工程疫苗的研究打下良好基础。     

抗稻瘟病链霉菌JK-1基因组BAC文库构建

实验以抗稻瘟病链霉菌JK-1的基因组DNA为材料构建了其BAC（bacterial artificial chromosome）文库。该文库共有3456个克隆,插入片段在40-100kb,平均插入片段55kb,空载率低于5%,覆盖了链霉菌基因组约17.3倍。抗稻瘟病链霉菌JK-1基因组BAC文库的构建,为进一步研究基因组结构及其功能基因的利用等奠定了基础。     

三桠苦叶绿体基因组结构和序列特征分析

为了探明岭南地区特色中药三桠苦的叶绿体基因组结构和序列特征,以三桠苦叶片为材料,采用试剂盒法提取DNA和构建测序文库,利用Novaseq平台进行高通量测序,再结合生物信息学手段进行序列拼接、注释和特征分析。结果显示：三桠苦叶绿体基因组为158 992 bp的环状四分体分子,含有134个基因;在三桠苦叶绿体基因组内找到86个简单重复序列,主要是A/T单核苷酸重复;检测到26 907个密码子,以A/T结尾的密码子有着更高的使用频次;序列比较分析表明,三桠苦与同科植物在非编码区存在更明显的序列变异;系统进化树揭示不同来源的三桠苦亲缘关系最近,但在基因组成和碱基序列上呈现出多样性。     

Synthesis of a site-specific DNA-binding peptide

The Hin recombinase binds to specific sites on DNA and mediates a recombination event that results in DNA inversion. In order to define the DNA-binding domain of the Hin protein two peptides 31 and 52 amino acids long were synthesized. Even though the 31mer encompassed the sequence encoding the putative helix-coil-helix-binding domain, it was not sufficient for binding to the 26-base pair DNA crossover site. However, the 52mer specifically interacted with the site and also effectively inhibited the Hin-mediated recombination reaction. The 52mer bound effectively to both the 26-base pair complete site and to a 14-base pair "half site." Nuclease and chemical protection studies with the 52mer helped to define the DNA base pairs that contributed to the specificity of binding. The synthetic peptide provides opportunities for new approaches to the study of the nature of protein-DNA interaction.     

灰盖鬼伞基因组中微卫星序列的组成

本研究利用已公布的灰盖鬼伞基因组测序结果,对该真菌基因组中的微卫星(microsatellite)或简单重复序列(simplesequence repeats,SSRs)进行了系统分析。结果表明,在已公布的36.2 Mb的基因组序列中,共有7 859个SSR序列(长度大于15bp,匹配值大于80%)。SSR的碱基总数达143 kb,约占整个基因组碱基数的0.40%,平均4.61 kb中就有1个大于15 bp的SSR序列。其中数量最多的是3碱基SSR,数量达到3 033个,其次为6碱基重复序列(2 121个)、5碱基重复序列(1 820个),这3种SSR总数达6 974个,占SSR总数的84.9%,单碱基重复序列数量最少,仅有285个。与子囊菌中的稻瘟病菌和粗糙脉孢菌相比,灰盖鬼伞菌基因组中每百万碱基中的SSR数量和密度都较小。这些研究结果可为该担子菌基因组的特征描述、注释及分子标记的筛选提供基础信息。     

棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体基因组文库的构建

【目的】构建棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的线粒体BAC文库,为研究棉花线粒体基因组结构以及棉花细胞质雄性不育的形成机理提供基础。【方法】在借鉴其它作物的线粒体基因组BAC文库构建方法的基础上,对棉花线粒体DNA的提取及其BAC文库的构建进行探索和优化,构建了棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的线粒体BAC文库,并采用同源克隆的方法克隆棉花线粒体的功能基因。【结果】构建的不育系和保持系的线粒体基因组文库分别包括2 600个克隆,插入DNA片段大小在10.3 kb和37.5 kb之间,平均分别为22.29 kb和21.36 kb。重组子的覆盖率分别达到棉花线粒体基因组的79倍和76倍。获得了3个棉花线粒体功能基因序列,通过比较,证明晋A不育系与其保持系的这3个基因序列无差异;以这3个基因为探针筛选文库,均获得阳性克隆。【结论】分别构建了棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体基因组的BAC文库。获得了晋A不育系与其保持系的orfB,coxⅠ和nad4L 3个基因的全序列,通过比较,证明晋A不育系与其保持系在orfB、coxⅠ和nad4L基因全序列上无差异。     

Molecular analysis of the hotspot of recombination in the murine major histocompatibility complex

Biological and serological assays have been used to define four subregions for the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the order I-A, I-B, I-J, and I-E. The I-J subregion presumably encodes the I-J polypeptide of the elusive T-cell suppressor factors. Restriction enzyme site polymorphisms and DNA sequence analyses of the I region from four recombinant mouse strains were used to localize the putative I-B and I-J subregions to a 1.0-kilobase (kb) region within the E beta gene. Sequencing this region from E beta clones derived from the two mouse strains: B10.A(3R), I-Jb and B10.A(5R), I-Jk initially used to define the I-J subregion revealed that these regions are identical, hence the distinct I-Jb and I-Jk molecules cannot be encoded by this DNA. In addition, the DNA sequence data also refute the earlier mapping of the I-B subregion. Analysis of the DNA sequences of three parental and four I region recombinants reveals that the recombinant events in three of the recombinant strains occurred within a 1-kb region of DNA, supporting the proposition that a hotspot for recombination exists in the I region. The only striking feature of this hotspot is a tetramer repeat (AGGC)n that shows 80 percent homology to the minisatellite sequence which may facilitate recombination in human chromosomes.     

Construction and Characterization of Grass Carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus） Fosmid Library

Grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus） genomic fosmid library cotaining 129 014 clones was constructed and characterized from one diploid grass carp. The average insert size of the fosmid library was determined to be 35 kb by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, which is 4.1-fold coverage of the grass carp genome. To demonstrate the probability of picking the functional genes from the library, eleven functional genes were screened by three-dimensional PCR technique. The number of positive clones of these genes was from 1 to 6. So, this library may screen any useful genes from grass carp. This grass carp genome fosmid library will be integrated in the presently ongoing efforts to determine the sequence of the grass carp genome.     

猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体的构建及其功能鉴定

【目的】利用正负筛选策略,构建猪肌肉生长抑素（Myostatin,MSTN）基因的双筛选标记打靶载体。【方法】以猪胎儿成纤维细胞DNA为模板,PCR扩增MSTN基因同源长、短臂;采用PCR和Overlap PCR扩增打靶载体正筛选标记嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因。以pUC57载体为骨架载体,在其多克隆位点连接一段包括Frt序列在内的酶切位点的多克隆位点序列,在2个Frt序列之间连接正筛选标记嘌呤霉素基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因,在Frt序列两侧分别连接5.7和1.9 kb的MSTN基因同源长、短臂;在同源短臂后连接负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,将目的片段与载体定向连接克隆。用脂质体法将打靶载体转染猪肾细胞（PK15细胞）,用嘌呤霉素和丙氧鸟苷进行正负筛选,验证正负筛选标记基因的功能。【结果】成功克隆了猪MSTN基因同源长、短臂及正筛选嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体,打靶载体长14 kb。在打靶载体转染的PK15细胞中,正负筛选标记基因均有生物学活性。【结论】成功构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体。     

东北梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织全长cDNA文库的构建

为克隆出与鹿茸生长发育相关基因的全长序列,采用SMART技术构建了东北梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织的全长cDNA文库.用SV Total RNA Isolation System试剂盒提取总RNA,以逆转录酶PowerScriptTM 反转录合成第一链cDNA,然后通过LD-PCR合成并扩增ds cDNA.扩增产物经纯化、SfiⅠ酶切、过CHROMA SPIN-400柱去除小片段后,连接到SfiⅠ消化过的pDNR-LIB质粒载体中,最后用电转化法将重组质粒转化到E. coli DH5α内得到原始文库.经测定,构建的原始文库约含有2.56×10~6个重组子,插入片段多在0.5～2kb之间,平均插入片段长度约1.1kb,重组效率接近100%.结果表明,东北梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织的全长cDNA文库已构建成功.     

Chromosomal region of the cystic fibrosis gene in yeast artificial chromosomes: a model for human genome mapping

A general strategy for cloning and mapping large regions of human DNA with yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC's) is described. It relies on the use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect DNA landmarks called sequence-tagged sites (STS's) within YAC clones. The method was applied to the region of human chromosome 7 containing the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene. Thirty YAC clones from this region were analyzed, and a contig map that spans more than 1,500,000 base pairs was assembled. Individual YAC's as large as 790 kilobase pairs and containing the entire CF gene were constructed in vivo by meiotic recombination in yeast between pairs of overlapping YAC's.     

Isolation of human C-reactive protein complementary DNA and localization of the gene to chromosome 1

With a synthetic oligonucleotide mixture as probe, complementary DNA clones of C-reactive protein were isolated from an adult human liver complementary DNA library. The clones ranged in size from 700 to 1100 base pairs and were identified by partial DNA sequence analysis. One complementary DNA clone was used as a probe for hybridization with human-rodent DNA's isolated from somatic cell hybrids and bound to nitrocellulose filters (Southern blot analysis) to assign the human C-reactive protein gene to chromosome 1.     

猪脂肪组织酵母双杂交文库的构建及质量鉴定

为了研究猪脂肪细胞分化的蛋白质之间的相互作用,采用LR重组反应的方法,构建猪脂肪组织酵母双杂交文库。结果显示,酵母双杂交文库的库容量为5.28×106CFU。随机挑取的24个克隆均带有插入片段,重组率100%,片段大小多数为1~2 kb,表明构建的文库质量较高。