不同种类有机酸对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和肠道微生态的影响研究

本试验研究不同种类有机酸对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和肠道微生态的影响。将240只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡随机分为4个处理（对照组、1．5％柠檬酸组、1．5％延胡索酸组、0．2％复合酸化剂组），每个处理6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。在试验第17～20d和38～41d分别进行代谢试验在试验第21d和42d进行屠宰试验。结果表明：肉鸡日粮中添加1．s％柠檬酸、1．5％延胡索酸和0．2％复合酸化荆不同程度改善肉鸡生产性能；提高前期阶段饲粮能量和养分的利用；对42日龄盲肠内容物的pH值有一定影响，同时，柠檬酸和复合酸化剂能显著促进肉鸡42日龄直肠乳酸杆菌的增殖；综合分析所有参数，0．2％复合酸化剂的作用效果最优。     

Supplementation of graded levels of organic zinc in the diets of female broilers: effects on performance and carcase quality

Zinc is an essential trace element. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of various levels of organic zinc (OZ) supplementation on growth performance and carcase quality of female broiler chickens. A total of 3200 1-d-old female broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 floor pens with 200 birds per pen. A maize-wheat-soyabean meal basal diet (Control) was formulated and 20 mg/kg OZ (20 OZ), 40 mg/kg OZ (40 OZ), and 80 mg/kg OZ (80 OZ) were added to the basal diet to form 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. The OZ source was zinc proteinate which contained 15% zinc. Results showed no significant difference between the treatments in growth performance. A significant increase in thigh skin epidermis and dermis thickness was shown in the OZ supplementation groups; however, no effect was found on the thickness of back skin epidermis and dermis. Collagen contents in breast and thigh meats were not influenced by OZ supplementation but a significant increase in collagen content was found in the back and thigh skin. This increase in collagen content was significantly greater in the back and thigh skin of OZ 80 than with OZ 20. Shear force value and zinc concentration in skins and meat were not significantly influenced by supplementation with OZ. It is concluded that dietary OZ does not improve growth performance of broilers; however, it could increase skin thickness by increasing collagen content in skin, thereby improving carcase quality.     

日粮中添加不同有机酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选择体重相近、健康的1日龄罗曼肉用雏120只,在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%柠檬酸、乳酸和延胡索酸,观察有机酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:在22～42日龄,添加柠檬酸组和延胡索酸组采食量均比对照组显著增加(P<0.05);在1～21日龄及全期,添加柠檬酸组日增重比对照组显著增加(P<0.05),在22～42日龄添加柠檬酸组日增重比对照组和添加乳酸组有显著增加(P<0.05);3种有机酸对料肉比指标影响有下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。     

DL-蛋氨酸和Alimet对饲喂菜籽粕日粮的肉仔鸡生产性能影响的比较研究

油菜是我国中部省份 (包括湖南、湖北、安徽、山东和河南等省 )的主要经济作物之一 ,其加工副产品菜籽饼粕的产量很高。由于菜籽饼粕的蛋白质含量很高 ,故已广泛用于饲料中取代部分豆粕。然而 ,菜籽饼粕含有一些有毒成分 ,降低了菜籽饼粕中氨基酸和其他营养成分的利用率。使用菜籽饼粕取代部分豆粕 ,会造成饲料中可消化氨基酸含量降低 ,影响动物生产性能。因此 ,使用菜籽粕的肉鸡日粮中必须添加一定水平的合成蛋氨酸及赖氨酸以补充原料中有效含量的缺乏。应用于养殖业中的蛋氨酸添加剂主要是DL-蛋氨酸 (DLM ,含 99%的蛋氨酸 )和Alimet(液…     

不同蛋白源日粮对肉鸡生长性能、酶活及胫骨特征的影响

文章旨在评估肉鸡在不同生长阶段饲喂不同蛋白源日粮对其生长性能、小肠酶活和胫骨特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（43.55±0.36）g的400只商品肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。试验分为1～14?d和15～28?d两个试验阶段,T1组肉鸡在1～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T2组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T3组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂菜粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T4组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,T5组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂菜粕型日粮。结果：T3和T4组肉鸡1～14?d平均日增重和采食量显著高于T1和T2组,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～14?d料重比最低（P＜0.05）。T1和T5组肉鸡小肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T3和T4组肉鸡小肠脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T1组肉鸡小肠糜蛋白酶活性最低（P＜0.05）。T2组胫骨灰分含量较其他组分别显著提高了9.65%、13.64%、15.74%和17.92%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,肉鸡在生长初期（1～14?d）饲喂菜粕型日粮可以显著改善采食量和日增重。 [关键词]蛋白源饲料|肉鸡|生长性能|酶活|胫骨特征     

不同比例小麦日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产牲能的影响

小麦是一种品质较好的能量饲料原料,小麦作为饲料的优点是其蛋白质和赖氨酸含量比玉米高30%～50%,与家畜生长发育密切相关的烟酸含量是玉米的2倍多,Ca、P、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸的含量也比玉米高.但代谢能是玉米的90%左右(NRC,1994),叶黄素、生物素的含量比较低.     

日粮中添加半胱胺对艾维茵肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

半胱胺（Cystimine,简称CS）对动物的作用近年来研究较多,它可以作用于体内的生长抑素（SS）,并间接影响与生长相关的激素水平,从而促进动物的生长,改善其生产性能。韩正康（1992）、王艳玲等（1993）届彩梅等（2002）的研究表明,CS能促进鸡、兔等动物的生长,提高饲料转化率,并使血液中SS含量明显降低,生长激素（GH）水平显著升高。但由于半胱胺的化学结构中含有非常     

不同寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响

<正>寡糖为饲料中的天然成分,不会带来污染,并能提高动物机体的抗病潜力,由于其结构和理化性质的特殊性(不能被家禽的胃和小肠分泌的酶消化),可以直接到达消化道后段,具有调节畜禽胃肠道微生态平     

Growth performance of broilers fed on diets containing processed poultry wastes

1. Broilers were grown on diets containing processed poultry wastes: dehydrated broiler litter, with (DBLA) or without (DBLN) arsenical residues, “in‐house” dried waste (IHDW) and dehydrated layer waste (DLW), all from commercial poultry houses.

2. Wastes were included at 100 g/kg in starter and finisher diets given, in most cases, from 0 to 8 weeks. In formulation the contents of true protein and of experimentally‐determined metabolisable energy values were used to ensure nutritional balance.

3. Body weight at 8 weeks with inclusion of wastes was equivalent to control (DLW) or increased (DBLA, DBLN). The gain: food ratio was reduced by the two layer wastes because of increased food consumption. Litter moisture was increased by the feeding of wastes.     

Comparison of feed preference and digestion of three different commercial diets for cats and ferrets

Diet preference and digestibility experiments were conducted using a total of 10 cats and 10 ferrets. The composition of the three different kinds of dry cat feed was as follows (each data are given in dry matter, DM): (i) normal diet (N): 95.3% DM, 33.7% crude protein (CP), 20.4% ether extract (EE), 37.6% nitrogen-free extract (NFE); (ii) 'light diet' (L): 94.2% DM, 31.6% CP, 10.7% EE, 52.2% NFE; (iii) 'veterinary diet' (D): 94.57% DM, 38.7% CP, 9.6% EE, 47.2% NFE. During the period of the preference test, the average daily dry matter intake (calculated with the mean of the three diets: 94.7% DM) was 98.0, 15.0 and 16.7 g DM in cats and 25.0, 7.3 and 8.1 g DM in ferrets. The preference rates of the three different diets, expressed in percentage of their total consumption, were as follows: 60.4% N (54.4 g DM), 12.4% L (12.1 g DM) and 27.2% D (26.6 g DM) in cats, and 46.2% N (11.6 g DM), 29.9% L (7.5 g DM) and 23.9% D (6.0 g DM) in ferrets. This indicates that cats and ferrets have a clear preference for diets of higher fat content. In all three diets, the digestibility of CP was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (70.1 +/- 5.4 vs. 75.9 +/- 5.8) while that of EE was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (95.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 89.4 +/- 5.3) in ferrets than in cats. The average digestible/metabolizable energy (DE/ME) ratio of feeds turned to be 95.6% for cats and 90.6% for the ferrets. From the data one can conclude that the ferret cannot be used as a model animal for cats either for preference or digestibility studies.     

不同能量蛋白质水平和抗生素日粮对肉用仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

肉鸡日粮中能量和蛋白质水平直接影响其生产性能。抗生素具有促进生长、防治疾病和改善饲料效率的作用 ,但不同营养水平、饲养条件下抗生素的作用效果有所不同 ,其中能量和蛋白质水平可能是影响其作用效果的主要因素。为探讨肉鸡生产中合理的能量、蛋白质和抗生素供给水平 ,本试验在肉鸡生长的前期、中期、后期分别设计高、低 2个能量蛋白质水平和 4种抗生素处理 ,研究肉鸡日粮适宜的能量、蛋白质水平和抗生素组合。1　材料与方法1 1　试验设计与分组　试验设计见表 1。表 1　试验因子及试验设计处理能量蛋白质水平抗生素添加水平1高能高蛋…     

不同蛋氨酸源对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)和蛋氨酸羟基类似物(MHA-FA)是常用的两种蛋氨酸添加剂。本试验旨在研究两种蛋氨酸添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机设计。7日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡560只,随机分为7个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复16只,试验持续至42日龄。自由采食饮水。计算各周及全期增重、采食量和料肉比。试验结果显示,基础日粮中添加适宜水平的蛋氨酸可显著改善肉鸡的生产性能(P<0.05),但不影响肉鸡的采食量。以料肉比为指标肉仔鸡的蛋氨酸需要量为:肉小鸡阶段0.44%(ME12.12MJ/kg,CP19.5%);肉中大鸡阶段0.35%(ME12.25MJ/kg,CP18.0%)。MHA-FA的相对生物学效价分别是:64%(肉小鸡日增重)、55%(肉小鸡料肉比);85%(肉中大鸡日增重)、60%(肉中大鸡料肉比);74%(全期日增重)、61%(全期料肉比)。     

Dietary inclusion of different multi-strain complex probiotics; effects on performance in broilers

1. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of two different complex probiotic supplementations on the growth performance, meat quality, excreta microflora, nutrient retention, blood metabolic profile and noxious gas emissions in broilers.

2. A total of 612 conventional healthy 1-d-old Ross 308 broilers with body weight of 41 ± 0.3 g were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 12 replicate cages, with 17 broilers in each cage and fed with the following diets: CON-Basal diet, T1-CON + Probiotic A, T2-CON + Probiotic B.

3. Significant results were observed on body weight gain, but not on feed conversation ratio and feed intake, in the whole experimental period. Increased faecal lactobacillus counts were found with probiotics supplementation. However, no significant effects were found for meat quality, nutrient retention, blood metabolic profile or noxious gas emissions.

4. In conclusion, both multi-strain probiotics had beneficial effects on growth performance, drip loss percentage and faecal Lactobacillus counts in broilers.

     

甘氨酸两种衍生物替代抗生素饲喂肉仔鸡效果的初步研究

选用1日龄肉仔鸡180只,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复12只鸡.对照组日粮为基础日粮 抗生素,试验1组日粮为基础日粮 0.55g/kg甘氨酸水杨醛席夫碱,试验2组日粮为基础日粮 1.1g/kg甘氨酸水杨醛席夫碱,试验3组日粮为基础日粮 037g/kg甘氨酸水杨醛铜配合物,试验4组日粮为基础日粮 0.74g/kg甘氨酸水杨醛铜配合物,试验期42d.研究甘氨酸水杨醛席夫碱及其与铜的配合物对内仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质及部分免疫器官的影响.结果表明与对照组相比,在42日龄时,各试验组平均日增重分别提高了8.53%(P＜0.05)、2.57%、7.00%(P＜0.05)、1.75%;试验各组的胸肌率分别提高12.93%(P＜0.05)、4.23%、4.80%,2.79%;试验各组腿肌率分别提高13.09%(P＜0.05)、10.79%(P＜0.05)、11.34%(P＜0.05)和6.94%;试验各组脾脏指数分别提高54.92%(P＜0.05)、26.49%、34.44%、2.03%;试验各组法氏囊指数分别提高83.3%(P＜0.05)、36.90%、71.43%(P＜0.05)、21.43%;各试验组的腹脂率分别降低18.69%、17.76%、33.64%(P＜0.05)、42.52%(P＜0.05);试验各组滴水损失分别降低27.05%(P＜0.05)、18.18%、11.97%、7.32%.综合而言,以添加O.55 g/kg的甘氨酸水杨醛席夫碱,0.37g/kg的甘氨酸水杨醛铜配合物的效果较好.     

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal-based diets

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. Dietary MOS improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7–21 days of age. In line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by MOS at 21 days of age. The addition of MOS modulated the development of gut microflora. From day 7 to day 21, the numbers of mucosa-associated coliforms along the small intestine were decreased; whereas the numbers of mucosa-associated lactobacilli were increased by MOS, regardless of the cereal type in the diets. Dietary MOS also reduced the counts of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the caeca of birds by 21 days of age. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected by MOS but the crypt depth and the muscularis thickness were reduced. The specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in birds given the MOS-supplemented diet; whereas the development of leucine aminopeptidase was delayed by MOS. All these changes in the mucosal morphology and function were dependent on the type of cereal and/or the age of the birds.     

姜黄素对肉鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响

将120只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组30只,后3组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别喂添加150、200、250mg/kg姜黄素的日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验期6周。研究结果表明:在肉仔鸡日粮中添加适量姜黄素能提高肉仔鸡活重、全净膛重、屠宰率及胸肌、腿肌的增重,降低料肉比,并且添加适量姜黄素能显著降低肉鸡腹脂、肝脂沉积。提高了生产性能和改善了鸡肉品质,在3个试验组中,综合效果以添加姜黄素200mg/kg组最好。     

不同锰源不同添加剂量对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3组。进行饲养试验,以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,Ⅰ组为对照组,添加硫酸锰(MnSO4·H2O)120mg/kg;Ⅱ组为试验组,添加蛋氨酸螯合锰(Met-Mn)60mg/kg;Ⅲ组也为试验组,分别添加蛋氨酸螯合锰(Met-Mn)30mg/kg和硫酸锰(MnSO4·H2O)60mg/kg。研究不同锰源及不同添加方式对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,3种方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但Ⅲ组的饲料成本有所降低。因此,在肉仔鸡日粮中以第3种方式(30mg/kgMet-Mn+60mg/kgMnSO·4H2O)添加锰效果最佳。     

不同抗生素替代物对肉鸡生长性能的影响

选择1日龄良风花鸡苖1680只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复70鸡进行试验。对照组日粮为基础日粮加那西肽、其他组分别为姜黄素组、丁酸钠组、益生素组、乳化剂组和蛋白酶组,肉雏饲养试验从1日龄开始至53日龄结束。试验结果表明,那西肽抑菌促生长药物添加剂可以被姜黄素、丁酸钠、益生素、乳化剂和蛋白酶全部替代;其中以姜黄素的饲喂效果为最好,单位增重饲料消耗比对照组节省5.0%;在对照组饲料中添加200g/t的姜黄素,每只肉鸡的单位增重（1kg）耗料成本比对照组节省0.28元。     

不同菌株芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生产性能的影响

<正>益生菌作为一种无毒、无污染、无抗药性、无副作用、无残留的多功能添加剂产品日益为人们所重视。芽孢杆菌由于稳定性好、抗逆性强、复活率高、代谢旺盛等优点,成为目前在畜禽日粮中应用最为广泛的一种益生菌(Salminen等,1998)。