中环肉羊新品种培育及其应用研究

本研究主要以中环肉羊新品种为例,通过了解、认识及亲自参与培育过程及应用情况研究介绍,掌握其培育方法及相关试验操作,从而提高自己在肉羊养殖中的业务水平和工作能力。结果显示,中环肉羊新品种比一般肉羊生长发育快,繁殖水平高,饲料转化率高,肉品质好,具有良好的应用推广价值。目前,中环肉羊新品种育种核心群已达到1.7万只,培育F1代1.2万只。由此可见,该品种的培育效果显著。通过加速培育进程,以此来提高培育效率。将培育、扩繁更优质的肉羊种质资源,应用推广到当地及周边的市、县,使得农户、专业合作社通过发展肉羊产业实现稳定增收,达到共同富裕的目的。     

意大利皮埃蒙特牛育种方案

皮埃蒙特牛产于意大利的皮埃蒙特地区,是优质的肉用牛品种,具有屠宰率高,优质肉比率高,皮下脂肪少,瘦肉率高,肉质细嫩等特点,因而皮埃蒙特牛的育种工作也备受关注。一直以来,皮埃蒙特牛的育种组织工作由ANABORAPI协会统一管理,开展皮埃蒙特牛的良种登记,后裔测定,冻精生产及推广,后备种牛培育等工作。育种目标也集中在肉用早熟性和母牛产犊顺利方面。本文主要对皮埃蒙特牛的品种、育种组织和育种方案做出介绍。     

里岔黑猪饲养技术要点

里岔黑猪是我国地方特色品种猪,素有"南太湖,北里岔"之称,是青岛市里岔当地养殖户长期择优纯繁、继代选育形成特色的地方品种,被誉为"国宝".其养殖历史悠久,具有腰身长,形体高,毛色全黑,瘦肉率50％左右,繁殖率高的特点.1985年被原农业部列为重点推广的优良地方猪种,现已被列为国家一类畜种资源重点保护.因此,对里岔黑猪的...     

BMY热带肉牛屠宰测定报告

热带牛（BMY）生长快，产肉性能好。在完全放牧条件下。18月龄体重可达300kg以上，18月龄和30月龄牛的平均屠宰率达55.53%，平均净肉率为46.30%。分别比云南黄牛提高18.10和21.92个百分点，优质切块占胴体重的39.30%，且抗蜱耐热，适应性广，不仅能适应炎热的气候，而且在冰天雪地的环境中表现也较好。     

奶山羊的繁育与管理技术要点

奶山羊养殖是农村最广泛的一项养殖项目。我国现养殖的奶山羊品种主要是莎能奶山羊与本地山羊杂交培育的后代。种羊选择要根据当地的品种资源、区域性优势及价格,灵活实施。根据养殖需要合理饲养种公羊、母羊和羔羊。母羊要选择有明显乳用家畜的楔形体型,发育状况良好、体格强健、健康无病、外貌匀称,且乳房容积大、外形好看、产奶量高的优良个体。种公羊要选择品种优良、体质健壮、发育良好、反应灵敏、精力充沛、食欲旺盛、健康无病、雄性特征明显的优良个体。加强奶山羊的繁育管理,注意观察母羊的发情表现,做好发情鉴定,及时配种。注意做好母羊的妊娠管理、分娩接产和护理工作。     

导入外血对本地牦牛复壮的效果分析

为了有效地防止当地耗牛退化,提高耗牛生产性能,通过导入外血对本地牦牛进行复壮,结果表明:同等条件下导入外血组犊牛生长发育明显加快,抵抗力加强、成活率、畸形率都有很大的提高,可以达到复壮耗牛群体的目的。     

小尾寒羊改良豫西脂尾羊试验报告

本试验让豫西脂尾羊与体型大、生长速度快、繁殖率高的小尾寒羊杂交,同时保留其产肉率高、爬坡能力强的优良特性。从而改进其总体生产性能。结果表明,杂交后代既继承了小尾寒羊的优良特性,又继承了脂尾羊的优良特性,该杂交模式值得大面积推广。     

Population genetic analysis of the Brahman cattle (Bos indicus) in Colombia with microsatellite markers

Summary The Brahman is one of the most popular breeds for meat production in the Neotropics. However, genetic studies of the breed in Latin American countries have only recently begun. In total, 178 animals of the Brahman breed from 20 Colombian provinces were genotyped at 11 microsatellite markers with the aim of studying the genetic diversity of this population and its genetic relationships with zebuine and taurine breeds. The outcomes of multivariate analyses, Bayesian inferences and inter‐individual genetic distances suggested that there is no genetic sub‐structure in the population, because of the high rate of animal migration among provinces. The population shows a high degree of heterozygosity and allelic diversity compared with other breeds, reflecting its multibreed origin. The study of the genetic relationships among the breeds reveals that the Brahman breed belongs to the zebuine group. However, it is the population nearest to taurine breeds with high frequencies of taurine alleles. Intensive artificial selection may have favoured the taurine alleles after the breed was formed. There has also been some degree of mixture with local taurine breeds while the Brahman breed has evolved in Colombia.     

西藏昂仁县黄牛人工授精率改良现状及提高措施

西藏日喀则黄牛是乳、肉、役兼用的小型地方原始品种,简称西藏牛,该牲畜品种适应高原气候,耐粗饲,管理较为粗放,抗逆性较强,但是由于该黄牛品种个体较小,性成熟较晚,整体的生产性能低下,严重影响到养殖户的经济效益。目前在西藏日喀则昂仁县黄牛人工授精技术已初步形成体系,人工授精率逐年上升,但是在具体的操作中,由于很多技术人员存在诸多不规范的行为,黄牛的受胎率时好时坏,严重影响品种改良进程。该文主要论述影响西藏昂仁县黄牛人工受精率的因素,提出相应的工作措施。     

兴安多羔羊产羔性能及养殖效益分析

兴安多羔羊是正在培育的适合内蒙古东北部规模化舍饲养殖的肉羊新品种,典型特征是繁殖率高、生长发育快、养殖效益好.为对兴安多羔羊繁殖性能和养殖效益进行量化分析,该研究对2018—2019年内蒙古杜美牧业生物科技有限公司的兴安多羔羊产羔数据进行了综合分析,通过计算得到初产母羊多羔率为80.48％,经产母羊多羔率为88.51％...     

Protocol of the Caesarean Section as Performed in Daily Bovine Practice in Belgium

In the early part of the 20th century, veterinarians began to perform Caesarean section (CS) in cows. At first, it was a final remedy to save the calf and/or the cow in more complicated obstetrical cases. As in Belgium, the Belgian Blue (BB) breed has become the predominant beef breed, CS are currently performed on a routine basis in daily practice. The overwhelming success of the breed is based on its hypermuscularity and exceptional carcass characteristics with high killing out (>70%). These and other characteristics made the breed popular and newborn animals valuable. Consequently, farmers do not want to take any risk of losing the calf during birth. This, together with the fact that bovine practitioners perform CS successfully on a routine basis, has made CS an elective operation. It is, however, important to remember that CS is still a major abdominal operation and that complications are not uncommon both during and after the operation. To end up with a good success rate, it is very important to follow a high-quality and sterile surgical procedure. The current paper describes the standard protocol by which CS are performed by the veterinarians of the Ambulatory Clinic of the Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Ghent (Belgium). The aim of the article is to provide a successful protocol as regards CS. We especially focus on those factors which are known to be limiting for the success of the surgery and highlight the most recent recommendations to optimize the outcome of the operation.     

Production objectives and breeding goals of Sahiwal cattle keepers in Kenya and implications for a breeding programme

The Sahiwal breed has been used for upgrading the East African Zebu (EAZ) for improved milk production and growth performance in the southern rangelands of Kenya. Main users of this breed are Maasai pastoralists. Until now, there has been no deliberate effort to understand why these pastoralists specifically prefer to keep Sahiwal genetic resources as well as which traits are considered important by them and what is the underlying reason for this. However, this information is regarded vital for further development of the breed. A survey was conducted between May and October 2009 among Maasai pastoralists in Kajiado and Narok counties in the Southern part of Kenya, and private ranches and government farms to identify production objectives and breeding goals of Sahiwal cattle producers. Sahiwal genetic resources were mainly kept for domestic milk production and for revenue generation through milk sales and live animals. To a limited extent, they were kept for breeding and also for multiple objectives that included insurance against risks and social functions. Production aims were influenced to varying extents by various household and farmer characteristics. Sahiwal cattle and their crosses were generally perceived to be better with respect to productive traits and fertility traits when compared to the EAZ. However, the EAZ was rated higher with respect to adaptation traits. The breeding objective traits of primary importance were high milk yield and big body size, good reproductive efficiency and relatively good adaptation to local production conditions. Performance and functional traits are important breeding goals that play a major role in fulfilling the multiple production objectives. This forms the basis for the optimisation of a breeding programme for sustainable utilisation to meet the needs of Sahiwal cattle producers.     

“皮南牛”培育现状及发展前景分析

“皮南牛”是河南省南阳市历时30余年培育而成的专门化肉用品种,该品种利用皮埃蒙特牛作为父本、南阳牛作为母本,经数代杂交选育而成。皮南牛具有屠宰率高、生长速度快、繁殖性能好、皮质紧密且富有弹性等优点。本文论述了皮南牛的生产性能、繁殖性能、毛用性能,以及传统育种与分子育种取得的成绩,对皮南牛产业未来的发展前景进行了分析展望。本文可为皮南牛品种继续优化改良提供理论依据,为肉牛产业快速发展奠定基础。     

Genetic diversity of Afrikaner cattle in southern Africa

The Afrikaner is an indigenous South African breed of “Sanga” type beef cattle along with breeds such as the Drakensberger and Nguni. Six composite breeds have been developed from crosses with the Afrikaner. Additionally, Afrikaner has been the base from which exotic breeds were established in South Africa through backcrossing. The study examined genetic diversity of Afrikaner cattle by genotyping 1257 animals from 27 herds in different geographic areas of South Africa and Namibia using 11 microsatellite markers. Multiple-locus assignment, performed using the Bayesian clustering algorithm of STRUCTURE, revealed three underlying genotypic groups. These groups were not geographically localized. Across herds and markers, the proportion of unbiased heterozygosity ranged from 0.49 to 0.72 averaging 0.57; mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 3.18 to 7.09, averaging 4.81; and allelic richness ranged from 2.35 to 3.38, averaging 2.67. It is concluded that a low inbreeding level of 2.7% and a moderate to high degree of variation still persists within the Afrikaner cattle breed, despite the recent decline in numbers of animals.     

Performance and carcass characteristics of Delaware chickens in comparison with broilers

The recent resurgence in the popularity of keeping small flocks of chickens has brought with it an interest in the production characteristics of heritage breeds of chicken. The Delaware breed was developed in the state of Delaware for meat production and is considered a heritage breed because it has long been passed over in favor of the Cornish cross. The definition of a heritage chicken breed is one that physically conforms to the standards of the American Poultry Association, mates naturally, has a long, productive outdoor lifespan, and a slow growth rate. Production information on raising meat Delawares is lacking, as recent research has focused on diet formulation and genetics for broiler production. This study was undertaken to determine the production efficiency of Delawares as compared with broilers in BW, feed intake, FCR, and carcass dressing percentage. Significant differences in BW were noted between broilers and Delawares throughout the study; this was evident even with chick weights. Delawares took 15 wk to reach the same live BW as that of a broiler at 6 wk. The feed intake was greater for the broilers over Delawares during their 6-wk grow-out. The Delawares required twice as much feed to reach the same BW as that of the broiler. Significant differences between the 2 breeds were observed with regard to FCR, the broilers being the more efficient breed. The Delawares had a significantly lower carcass dressing percentage, just under 65%, as compared with broilers, just over 68%. It is hoped that this information will aid producers of niche-market heritage chickens in their decision-making when considering this breed for meat production.     

新蚕品种“野三元”原原种试繁初报

通过对强健性多丝量新蚕品种"野三元"原原种野A、野B、784、84Y2的试繁,初步了解和掌握了各品系的特征、发育特性、制种特点,对于进一步搞好原原种、原种、一代杂交种繁育,为蚕种场、蚕农提供优质蚕种奠定了良好基础。     

新疆帕米尔牦牛生产性能的试验研究

[目的]为了探讨新疆帕米尔牦牛的生长发育、繁育性能及泌乳性能等特性。[方法]选取新疆帕米尔母牦牛50 头,通过非配对法人工受孕,检测母牛受配率和受胎率等繁育性能指标,记录产奶量、乳脂指标等评价泌乳性能,并在犊牛初生后分别于第0、1、3、6、12、18及24月龄时测量体重、体尺、体斜长等生长指标。[结果]18月龄新疆帕米尔牦牛的体重达343 kg,显著高于同时期的其他市售牦牛,证明新疆帕米尔牦牛的生长性能良好;繁殖率在75%以上,受胎率在90%以上,发情期集中在8月,繁殖成活率在90%以上,犊牛断奶成活率高达98%,证明新疆帕米尔牦牛具有良好的繁育性能;牛乳的乳脂率和乳蛋白率都达到生乳食品安全国家标准,产奶量也属于同类中的偏上水平,表明新疆帕米尔牦牛具有优良的泌乳性能。[结论]新疆帕米尔牦牛具有生长发育快、生产性能好、经济价值高等优势,是一种乳肉役兼用型的地方优良牦牛品种。     

广适性大型多丝量柞蚕新品种选育报告

柞蚕新品种以提高茧层率、抗性为主要育种指标,注重全茧量与孵化率等经济性状的相关性,采取大交大、优中选优、淘汰头尾留中间等选育措施。历经7年14代的杂交系统选育,育成了两个多丝量柞蚕新品种。品种DW(青黄系)千粒茧重11.57kg,全茧量12.06g,茧层率12.22%,虫蛹统一生命率95.87%;GH(黄系)千粒茧重11.52kg,全茧量11.95g,茧层率12.66%,虫蛹统一生命率90.37%。     

高产高蛋白质高抗性苜蓿品种选育

以肇东苜蓿与扁蓿豆远缘杂交种F₃代群体为原始材料,采用系统选育方法,通过多次单株选择,结合越冬率,产草量,粗蛋白质含量等指标反复筛选后,进行无性繁殖,选育出7个优良品系.建立无性系和多元杂交圃,实行开放授粉,通过品系比较试验、区域试验、生产试验.选育出具有"高产、高蛋白质、高抗性"的60号苜蓿新品系.     

Stabilisation of atlantoaxial subluxation in the dog through ventral arthrodesis

Ten miniature breed dogs with atlantoaxial subluxation underwent ventral lag screw stabilisation. The procedure did not include bone graft packing into the atlantoaxial articulation. Four dogs showed continuous improvement after surgery. Three dogs developed complications due to external trauma and postoperative implant failure but improved with conservative therapy. Three patients died or were euthanized in early perioperative or postoperative period. The long-term outcome was good or favourable in all surviving patients. Suspected fibrous tissue proliferation and stabilisation without permanent bone fusion was found to be clinically satisfactory when the atlantoaxial joint has been subjected to limited stress during a long-term monitoring period.