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1.
Sara Fondevilla José I. Cubero Diego Rubiales 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):53-58
Mycosphaerella pinodes is one of the most devastating pea pathogens. Pea cultivars with adequate levels of resistance to control the disease are
not so far available. However, promising levels of resistance have been identified in wild accessions of pea. In the present
investigation the inheritance of resistance to M. pinodes was studied in two crosses between the susceptible pea cv. ‘Ballet’ and the partially wild resistant accessions P665 (Pisum sativum subsp. syriacum) and P42 (P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense). Both additive and dominant effects were important in control of resistance and susceptibility dominated over resistance. 相似文献
2.
In May 1998 leaf spot caused by Septoria chrysanthemella was found on Aster savatieri in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. This is the first report of leaf spot on A. savatieri caused by S. chrysanthemella.
Received: September 13, 2002 / Accepted: October 18, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Kobayashi, formerly of Tokyo University of Agriculture, for his advice on identifying the fungus. 相似文献
3.
Fumitoshi Yasuda Takao Kobayashi Hiroyuki Watanabe Hiroki Izawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):29-32
In June 1996, a leaf spot disease widely occurred in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) orchards in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. The main diagnostic symptom was ring spot on the leaves and calyxes of young fruits;
in severe cases, lesions developed on more than half of the area of the leaf, resulting in early defoliation. Based on morphological
and pathological studies of the isolated fungi, it was shown that Pestalotiopsis longiseta, P. glandicola, P. acaciae, and P. crassiuscula were responsible for the diseases. These fungi, except P. longiseta, were found to be new pathogens of the disease.
Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002 相似文献
4.
Soichiro Morita Mikiko Azuma Toshiko Aoba Hiroya Satou Kazuhiko Narisawa Teruyoshi Hashiba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):71-75
The root endophytic fungus Heteroconium chaetospira isolate OGR-3 was tested for its ability to induce systemic resistance in Chinese cabbage against bacterial leaf spot caused
by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicae of the foliar diseases. Chinese cabbage seedlings planted in soil infested with an isolate of H. chaetospira were incubated in a growth chamber for 32 days. The first to fourth true leaves of the seedlings were challenge-inoculated
with P. syringae pv. maculicola or A. brassicae. Chinese cabbage planted in soil infested with H. chaetospira showed significant decreases in the number of lesions of bacterial leaf spot or Alternaria leaf spot when compared to the
control plants not treated with H. chaetospira. The results indicated that colonization of roots by H. chaetospira could induce systemic resistance in Chinese cabbage and reduce the incidence of bacterial leaf spot and Alternaria leaf spot.
Received: April 24, 2002 / Accepted: August 9, 2002 相似文献
5.
Hiroyuki UGA Yuki O. KOBAYASHI Kyoji HAGIWARA Yohachiro HONDA Toshihiro OMURA Takahide SASAYA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):378-381
The causative virus (isolate No. 4) of gentian (Gentiana spp.) mosaic, which had been identified previously as Clover yellow vein virus (C1YVV) on the basis of host range and serological reactions, was re-identified as Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) on the basis of the nucleotide sequences of the gene for the coat protein (CP) and the 3′-noncoding region, as well
as the predicted amino acid sequence of CP.
Received 16 April 2002/ Accepted in revised form 19 June 2002 相似文献
6.
Yukari Uetake Hitoshi Nakamura Ken-ichi Ikeda Masao Arakawa Naoyuki Matsumoto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):42-44
Isolates of the violet root rot fungus Helicobasidium mompa were collected from herbaceous and tree plants. Their host preference was studied by inoculation experiments using carrots,
sweet potatoes, and apple stocks. It was found that sweet potato isolates from Kyushu produced infection cushions on carrots
and sweet potatoes but not on apple stocks. Other isolates did not show host preference. Sweet potato isolates were also characterized
by ready hyphal mass (sclerotium) production. They were thought to have adapted to the habitat with high disturbance by annual
tillage.
Received: July 15, 2002 / Accepted: September 26, 2002 相似文献
7.
Anne Moussart Caroline Onfroy Angelique Lesne Magali Esquibet Eric Grenier Bernard Tivoli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):57-69
Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem nematode of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Mycosphaerella pinodes, cause of Ascochyta blight in pea (Pisum sativum) and Aphanomyces euteiches, cause of pea root rot, result in major yield losses in French alfalfa and pea crops. These diseases are difficult to control
and the partial resistances currently available are not effective enough. Medicago truncatula, the barrel medic, is the legume model for genetic studies, which should lead to the identification and characterization
of new resistance genes for pathogens. We evaluated a collection of 34 accessions of M. truncatula and nine accessions from three other species (two from M. italica, six from M. littoralis and one from M. polymorpha) for resistance to these three major diseases. We developed screening tests, including standard host references, for each
pathogen. Most of the accessions tested were resistant to D. dipsaci, with only three accessions classified as susceptible. A very high level of resistance to M. pinodes was observed among the accessions, none of which was susceptible to this pathogen. Conversely, a high level of variation,
from resistant to susceptible accessions, was identified in response to infection by A. euteiches. 相似文献
8.
Ayumi Notsu Norio Kondo Shohei Fujita Kippei Murata Shigeo Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):39-41
A new race of Phytophthora vignae f. sp. adzukicola, designated race 4, is reported from central and western Hokkaido, Japan. The isolates obtained from diseased plants of a
new cultivar, cv. Syumari, which is resistant to races 1, 2, and 3, were determined to be a new race by the pathogenic reaction
on a set of differential adzuki bean cultivars (cv. Erimo-shozu, cv. Kotobuki-shozu, cv. Noto-shozu, cv. Urasa-shimane, and
cv. Syumari).
Received: March 7, 2002 / Accepted: August 13, 2002 相似文献
9.
Edna Sharon Ilan Chet Ada Viterbo Meira Bar-Eyal Harel Nagan Gary J. Samuels Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):247-258
Trichoderma (T.
asperellum-203, 44 and GH11; T. atroviride-IMI 206040 and T. harzianum-248) parasitism on Meloidogyne javanica life stages was examined in vitro. Conidium attachment and parasitism differed beween the fungi. Egg masses, their derived
eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) were parasitized by Trichoderma
asperellum-203, 44, and T. atroviride following conidium attachment. Trichoderma
asperellum-GH11 attached to the nematodes but exhibited reduced penetration, whereas growth of T. harzianum-248 attached to egg masses was inhibited. Only a few conidia of the different fungi were attached to eggs and J2s without
gelatinous matrix; the eggs were penetrated and parasitized by few hyphae, while J2s were rarely parasitized by the fungi.
The gelatinous matrix specifically induced J2 immobilization by T.
asperellum-203, 44 and T. atroviride metabolites that immobilized the J2s. A constitutive-GFP-expressing T. asperellum-203 construct was used to visualize fungal penetration of the nematodes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation
of coiling and appressorium-like structures upon attachment and parasitism by T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride. Gelatinous matrix agglutinated T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia, a process that was Ca2+-dependent. Conidium agglutination was inhibited by carbohydrates, including fucose, as was conidium attachment to the nematodes.
All but T. harzianum could grow on the gelatinous matrix, which enhanced conidium germination. A biomimetic system based on gelatinous-matrix-coated
nylon fibers demonstrated the role of the matrix in parasitism: T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia attached specifically to the gelatinous-matrix-coated fibers and parasitic growth patterns, such as coiling, branching
and appressoria-like structures, were induced in both fungi, similarly to those observed during nematode parasitism. All Trichoderma isolates exhibited nematode biocontrol activity in pot experiments with tomato plants. Parasitic interactions were demonstrated
in planta: females and egg masses dissected from tomato roots grown in T. asperellum-203-treated soil were examined and found to be parasitized by the fungus. This study demonstrates biocontrol activities of
Trichoderma isolates and their parasitic capabilities on M. javanica, elucidating the importance of the gelatinous matrix in the fungal parasitism. 相似文献
10.
11.
P.V. Martínez-culebras P. Abad-campos J. García-jiménez 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):801-809
Acremonium
cucurbitacearum is a soil-borne pathogen that causes collapse of muskmelon and watermelon plants. Cluster analysis based on RAPD patterns, obtained from use of 25 primers, divided isolates of A. cucurbitacearum from Spain and USA into two major groups. Most isolates from the USA fell into group 1, however, genetic similarity was not highly correlated with geographical origins or with previously established VCG groups. Analysis of 5.8S-ITS sequences showed very little sequence variation among isolates of A. cucurbitacearum, most had identical 5.8S-ITS sequence. Nodulisporium melonis, previously reported to cause a similar disease in Japan, had a 5.8S-ITS sequence that was identical to that of isolate A-419 proposed as the type strain of A
cremonium
cucurbitacearum suggesting that the two fungal pathogens should be considered a single species. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 5.8S-ITS region, indicated that A
cremonium
cucurbitacearum is a monophyletic taxon more closely related to Plectosphaerella cucumerina than to other species of the genus Acremonium. Based on the 5.8S-ITS nucleotide sequence, a polymerase chain reaction was designed and used for specific detection of A. cucurbitacearum in diseased plants. 相似文献
12.
13.
A. Muslim Hayato Horinouchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):143-150
Four isolates of hypovirulent binucleate Rhizoctonia (HBNR) were evaluated for their ability to control Fusarium wilt of spinach (FWS) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae (FOS). Fourteen-day-old spinach seedlings grown in paper pots with HBNR-amended soil (1% w/w ground barley grain inoculum)
were transferred to artificially pathogen-infested soil. Treatments with HBNR isolates significantly (P = 0.05) reduced disease and discoloration severity by 56%–100% and 52%–100%, respectively. The numbers of colony-forming
units of FOS per gram fresh weight in petioles or roots were reduced significantly (P = 0.01) in the plants treated with HBNR. HBNR isolates were well reisolated from the roots inside paper pots where they were
inoculated, whereas inconsistent colonization of HBNR was recorded from the roots outside paper pots where only pathogen was
inoculated. Root extracts from HBNR-treated and pathogen-challenged plants significantly inhibited germination and germling
length of FOS. The fresh weight of spinach leaves in the HBNR-treated plants increased significantly (P = 0.01), as much as 53%–63%, over the untreated and pathogen-challenged plants. This is the first report of biocontrol of
FWS by HBNR.
Received: July 18, 2002 / Accepted: October 22, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Komada for providing nonpathogenic Fusarium F13. The senior author (A.M.) thanks the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (Monbukagakusho)
Japan, for financial assistance. 相似文献
14.
Julie M. Steed Andreas Baierl Bruce D. L. Fitt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):359-373
In winter oilseed rape experiments at Rothamsted in 2000/01 to 2002/03 growing seasons, the severity of phoma stem canker
epidemics in summer depended on the timing of phoma leaf spot epidemics in the previous autumn, and hence on the timing of
Leptosphaeria maculans ascospore release. The first major release of L. maculans ascospores was earlier in 2000 (26 September) and 2001 (18 September) than in 2002 (21 October). Consequently, the autumn
phoma leaf spot epidemic was also earlier in 2000 and 2001 than in 2002. The resulting stem canker epidemics were severe by
harvest (July) in 2001 and 2002 but not in 2003. No correlation was found between the severity or duration of phoma leaf spotting
(lesion days or lesion °C-days) and the subsequent severity of phoma stem canker epidemics. Rates of leaf production and loss
were similar in the three growing seasons. Out of ca. 25 leaves produced on plants during each season, leaf numbers 10–14 generally remained on plants for the longest. Treatment
with flusilazole + carbendazim in autumn decreased the severity of phoma leaf spotting for several weeks after treatment,
decreased the severity of stem canker the following summer and increased yield significantly in 2001 and 2002 but not in 2003.
The most effective timings for flusilazole + carbendazim application were when leaves 7–11 were present on most plants and
at least 10% of plants were affected by phoma leaf spot. Two half-dose applications of fungicide reduced phoma stem canker
and increased yield more than a single full dose application when phoma leaf spot epidemics were early (<800 °C-days after
sowing). 相似文献
15.
Masashi Fujinaga Hideki Ogiso Nobuaki Tuchiya Hideki Saito Shigeru Yamanaka Masayuki Nozue Mineo Kojima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):23-28
Pathogenic variation among 26 Japanese isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOL) was tested using 21 lettuce cultivars to select commercial lettuce cultivars as race differential indicators. Cultivar
Costa Rica No. 4 was resistant to race 1 but susceptible to race 2, consistent with the conventional standard differential
line VP1010. Cultivar Banchu Red Fire was susceptible to race 1 but resistant to race 2, which showed an opposite type of
reaction as another differential line VP1013. Cultivar Patriot was susceptible to both races. The resistance reactions of
the three cultivars under field conditions were identical with that observed in the seedlings. Thus cv. Costa Rica No. 4 and
cv. Banchu Red Fire can be used as differential hosts to identify pathogenic races of FOL. This differential system showed
that all FOL isolates obtained from diseased butterhead lettuce in Fukuoka, Japan were new races (i.e., pathogenic to three
cultivars). We propose that the new race be designated race 3. Isolates of FOL, the pathogen of Fusarium wilt in lettuce,
obtained from California showed the same reaction as that of race 1. Furthermore, the Japanese isolate SB1-1 (race 1) and
California isolate HL-2 belonged to the same vegetative compatibility group. Our results suggest that both of the fungi are
the same forma specialis.
Received: March 25, 2002 / Accepted: August 26, 2002 相似文献
16.
Wen-Hsiung Ko 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(3):186-188
Cultures of Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. parasitica, and P. palmivora remained viable in water at room temperature for periods ranging from 6 to 23 years. The colonies that developed from the
stored cultures were thin-walled and spherical, ranging from 19.2 to 30.0 μm in diameter. The survival structures are thought
to be small chlamydospores produced in the absence of adequate nutrition and aeration.
Received: October 7, 2002 / Accepted: January 8, 2003
Acknowledgment I thank Dr. Michael L. Parsons for assistance in preparing the photograph. 相似文献
17.
Inhibitors of respiration with high affinity to the Qo site of cytochrome b constitute a major class of modern agricultural fungicides. Many fungal organisms, including plant pathogens, can circumvent
this inhibition site by expressing alternative respiration, a pathway dependent on alternative oxidase and other unidentified
gene products. The restriction enzyme-mediated insertion (REMI) technique was employed in this study to disrupt genes involved
in the expression of fully functional alternative respiration of Magnaporthe grisea. In one of the REMI mutants obtained, the rescue response mediated by alternative respiration was completely abolished. In
two other mutants, the response was diminished but not entirely silenced. For all three mutants, phenotype changes were not
explained by an altered structure of the alternative oxidase gene AOXMg or by a decreased level of gene expression in response to the Qo inhibitor azoxystrobin. The gene potentially affected in
one of the REMI mutants was a homolog of the ABC1 family of genes encoding chaperone-like proteins with roles in the optimal assembly of mitochondrial membrane complexes.
Received: May 28, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002
Acknowledgments The research was funded, in part, by financial support to C. Avila-Adame provided by the Fulbright-Garcia Robles Foundation,
the Institute of International Education, CONACYT-Mexico, and the Colegio de Postgraduados-Mexico. 相似文献
18.
Biofilm-grown cells of Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae (P.s.theae) wild-type strain K9301 on abiotic surface had remarkable resistance to kasugamycin in comparison to planktonically grown
cells; however, the biofilm-grown cells of K9301 had the same sensitivity to copper sulfate. Because both the lesser biofilm-forming
strain K9301S3 and enhanced biofilm-forming strain K9301-6 also had remarkable biofilm resistance to kasugamycin just as K9301
did and because epigallocatechin gallate, which enhanced biofilm formation of P.s.theae, had no effect on biofilm resistance to kasugamaycin, the degree of biofilm formation was not correlated with the antibiotic
susceptibilities. In addition, K9301 and K9301S3 had less sensitivity to kasugamycin but had high sensitivity to copper sulfate
on nonwounded leaf surfaces. These results indicate a possibility that the mechanism of P.s.theae biofilm resistance to bactericide functions on both abiotic and nonwounded leaf surfaces. 相似文献
19.
Floriane L’Haridon Sébastien Aimé Claude Alabouvette Chantal Olivain 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):239-246
The aim of this study was to assess the biocontrol capacity of rev157, a non-pathogenic mutant of a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom24). Inoculated in association with the virulent parental strain, the mutant rev157 did not protect the host plant (muskmelon)
against infection by Fom24. Applied on flax, a non-host plant, the mutant rev157 was not able to protect it against its specific
pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. lini. On the contrary the parental strain Fom24 did protect flax as well as a soil-borne biocontrol strain (Fo47). Since the mutant
rev157 was affected neither in its growth in vitro nor in its capacity to penetrate into the roots, it can be speculated that
the mutation has affected traits responsible for interactions within the plant. In F. oxysporum the pair of strains Fom24/rev157 is a good candidate to identify genes involved in the biocontrol capacity of F. oxysporum and to test the hypothesis of a link between capacity to induce the disease and capacity to induce resistance in the plant. 相似文献