加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定鳓鱼肌肉中脂肪酸

采用加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱法对鳓鱼肌肉中脂肪酸组成进行分析。共检测到17种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸5种,相对含量为30.92%,不饱和脂肪酸12种,相对含量为69.08%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸7种,相对含量为40.68%,多不饱和脂肪酸5种,相对含量为28.40%。鳓鱼富含EPA(Eicosa pentaenoic Acid)和DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid),EPA+DHA含量达24.43%,鳓鱼肌肉中棕榈酸含量较高,达21.6%。     

草鱼鱼皮中明胶提取工艺优化

研究了采用响应面分析方法从草鱼的鱼皮中提取鱼明胶的最佳工艺。考察了盐酸浓度、预处理时间、提取温度和提取时间对鱼明胶得率和凝胶强度的影响。经过响应面分析,得到从草鱼皮中提取明胶的最佳工艺为盐酸浓度1.19%(v/v),预处理24h,在52.61℃下提取5.12h,明胶的得率和凝胶强度分别为19.83%和267g,所得明胶的凝胶点和溶点分别是19.5℃和26.8℃。此外,草鱼皮明胶中的氨基酸组成中,脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸的总含量为19.47%。     

响应面法优化斑马鱼中微塑料分离、提取的工艺

微塑料广泛存在于海洋中,是全球十大新兴环境问题之一.微塑料可以被鱼类、贝类和底栖动物等海洋生物摄入,危害海洋生命.为了更好地从海洋生物中分离和检测微塑料,本研究优化了一种新方案.以斑马鱼(Daniorerio)为原料,对其中的微塑料进行分离提取.首先,通过消化率、回收率、拉曼光谱分析和扫描电镜等方法对KOH、H2O2、...     

菊黄东方鲀鱼精蛋白提取工艺优化研究

为研究河鲀鱼精蛋白的制备工艺,以菊黄东方鲀(Takifugu Flavidus)精巢为原料,以鱼精蛋白提取率为指标,通过单因素试验研究NaCl溶液的pH、硫酸浓度、硫酸用量、提取温度、提取时间以及乙醇用量等单因素对鱼精蛋白提取率的影响,在此基础上,采用响应面法优化鱼精蛋白的提取工艺条件。结果显示,采用响应面法优化获得河鲀鱼精蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件为:NaCl溶液pH 8.5,硫酸浓度0.6 mol/L,硫酸用量4.0倍沉淀体积,提取温度45℃,提取时间2.4 h,乙醇用量4.0倍沉淀体积,此时鱼精蛋白提取率达到19.07%。研究表明,响应面法对河鲀鱼精蛋白提取条件的优化方案合理可行,可为河鲀精巢的开发利用提供参考依据。     

脱钙罗非鱼鱼鳞明胶提取工艺优化及其理化性质

文章以罗非鱼（Oreochromisnilotica）鱼鳞为原料,经乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA—Na,）脱钙处理后采用酸法提取明胶。根据中心组合试验设计（centercombination of experimental design,CCD）原理展开试验,考察提取时间（h,X,）、提取温度（℃,X2）、浸酸时问（h,X1）和柠檬酸质量浓度（g·L-1,X）对明胶得率（％,y）的影响,并对所得明胶的理化性质与牛骨明胶进行比较。响应面分析结果表明,提取温度、提取时间和浸酸时问与明胶得率之间具有显著相关性;优化的提取条件为提取温度65℃、提取时间3．6h、柠檬酸质量浓度200g·L-1、浸酸时间11．3h。在此条件下的明胶得率为28．4％,与预测值30．1％相近。制得的鱼鳞明胶粗蛋白含量为89．9％,氨基酸组成中每1000总氨基酸残基中甘氨酸为352个,亚氨基酸（脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸）173个;凝胶强度高达245Bloom（g）,熔点为27．0℃,而比浓对数粘度及成胶质量浓度分别为0．030L·g-1。和8．0g·L-1。     

响应面法对缢蛏粗多糖提取工艺的优化

以秦皇岛海域的缢蛏为原料,通过不同提取方法的比较,确定超声辅助酶解提取法为较优的多糖提取方法,并通过响应面法对缢蛏多糖提取工艺进行优化。试验结果表明,原料超声预处理30min后再进行酶解提取,在添加3.99%的木瓜蛋白酶、50.9℃、酶提8.94h条件下缢蛏多糖提取量达9.41mg/g(鲜)。该方法对研究海水贝类多糖功能性产品原料的选取及产品的开发与应用有重要意义。     

响应面法优化鱼鳞脱钙工艺的研究

利用响应面分析法对罗非鱼(Tilapia mossambica)鱼鳞的脱钙工艺进行优化。以鱼鳞脱钙率为指标,选取盐酸浓度、底物浓度、反应温度及反应时间为影响因子,进行单因素试验,筛选出适当的因素和水平,根据Box-Behnken中心组合设计,按照所建立的动态方程模型,分析各因素的显著性和交互作用,得出罗非鱼鱼鳞脱钙的最佳工艺条件为:盐酸浓度2.9%,底物浓度6.3%,反应时间1.9 h,该条件下鱼鳞脱钙率为99.55%。     

响应面法优化丹参中抗无乳链球菌活性成分的提取工艺

在单因素提取工艺优化的基础上,选取液料比、浸润时间、提取时间和提取温度进行四因素三水平的Box-behnken实验设计,并结合响应面分析法进一步优化丹参中抗无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae,SA)活性成分提取工艺。优化所得最佳提取工艺为液料比37.8:1.0(ml:g)、浸润时间104 min、提取温度86.7℃、提取时间182 min。响应面模型预测在该提取工艺下抗SA活性成分提取得率极值为25.95%,经4次平行验证实验的实际提取得率为(25.87±0.03)%,为优化前的2.59倍,表明优化方法高效可靠。     

Extraction Optimization for Phlorotannin Recovery from the Edible Brown Seaweed Ecklonia Cava

Phlorotannins, marine polyphenols from the brown seaweeds, are a promising biologically active substance. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions for phlorotannin recovery from the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava using response surface methodology. Ethanol concentration (X₁, %), extraction temperature (X₂, °C), and extraction time (X₃, h) were chosen as independent variables. The dependent variables were total phlorotannin content (TPhC; Y₁) and yield of phlorotannins (Y₂). Estimated optimal conditions were as follows: TPhC (Y₁): X₁ = 95%, X₂ = 80°C, X₃ = 22.8 h, and yield of phlorotannins (Y₂): X₁ = 88.3%, X₂ = 80°C, X₃ = 24 h. Predicted values of dependent variables under each optimal condition were TPhC (Y₁) = 570.2 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g (mg PGE/g, dry basis) and yield of phlorotannins (Y₂) = 7.8% and were similar to the experimental values. In addition, content of dieckol, which is known as an indicator of phlorotannin products, was measured. Dieckol contents of the phlorotannin extracts with the highest (565.7 mg PGE/g) and lowest (315.4 mg PGE/g) TPhC were 49.1 and 34.4 mg/g (dry basis), respectively.     

响应面法优化酶法提取大鲵皮胶原蛋白工艺

为了优化人工养殖大鲵(Andrias davidianus Blanchard)皮中胶原蛋白的提取工艺, 以加酶量、液料比和酶解时间为试验因素, 胶原蛋白提取率为响应值, 采用Box-Behnken设计进行试验。通过响应面法考察了3个因素对胶原蛋白提取率的影响, 建立了胶原蛋白提取率的二次多项式回归模型, 并对提取工艺进行了优化。试验结果表明, 3个因素对鲵皮中胶原蛋白提取率的影响大小次序为: 液料比>酶解时间>加酶量; 交互项中“液料比-酶解时间”项对提取率影响显著, 其他交互项对提取率影响不显著。为满足实际需要, 对模型预测得到的大鲵皮胶原蛋白最优提取工艺稍做调整, 具体参数为: 加酶量16.5%、液料比15 mL/g、酶解时间29 h。此条件下, 大鲵皮胶原蛋白提取率可达到66.99%, 与模型理论预测值(67.83%)较为一致。

     

Optimization of Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compound Extraction Conditions from Red Seaweed (Laurencia obtuse)

ABSTRACT

Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions including solvent:seaweed ratio (10:1–30:1), extraction temperature (30–50°C), and extraction time (30–60 min) on the total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of red seaweed (Laurencia obtuse) extracts. The optimum extraction parameters for maximum phenolic content were as follows: solvent:seaweed ratio, 30:1; extraction temperature, 50°C; and extraction time, 42.8 min. The experiment results showed that the solvent:seaweed ratio was the most significant parameter for the extraction. The optimum extraction conditions for maximum antioxidant activity were as follows: solvent:seaweed ratio, 24.3:1; extraction temperature, 45.3°C; and extraction time, 58 min. Under the above-mentioned conditions, the experimental total phenolic content and antioxidant activity value were 26.23 ± 0.75 mg GAE/g seaweed and 120.89 ± 0.81 TEAC, respectively, of seaweed tested, which are well compatible with the predicted contents.     

Optimized Extraction,Preliminary Characterization and Evaluation of the in Vitro Anticancer Activity of Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction from the Brown Seaweed,Cystoseira sedoides

Brown seaweeds produce useful bioactive substances with high cosmetic and pharmacological values due to the presence of antioxidant derivatives, mainly phlorotannins (PHT), which are of particular interest. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables (extraction time, dry material-to-solvent ratio and ethanol concentration) and two responses was performed to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phlorotannins from Cystoseira sedoides using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the independent variables significantly affected both phlorotannin content and the scavenging capacity. The optimum operating conditions were extraction time, 101.74 sec; dry material-to-solvent ratio, 1:10 g/mL; and ethanol extraction, 50%. Under these conditions, the predicted values of PHT content and radical scavenging activity-IC50 were close to the observed values and were 383.887 µg PGE/g Dm and 18.353 µg/mL, respectively. Characterization of the phlorotannin-rich fraction was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluation of the anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line showed a potent activity to trigger apoptotic death in more than a half of the MCF-7 cells, with an estimated IC50 value of 78 μg/mL. In addition, this fraction induced a notable growth regression effect on 3D spheroids model in a concentration-dependent manner, with a growth rate of about 1.17, at 200 µg/mL.

Abbreviations: CCRD: Central composite rotatable design; Dm: Dry material; DMBA: 2,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; IC₅₀: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration; MAE: Microwave-assisted extraction; Min: minutes; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; PGE: Phloroglucinol equivalent; PHT: Phlorotannins; PHT-SED: phlorotannins derived from Cystoseira sedoides; PI: Propidium iodide; RSA: Radical scavenging activity; RSM: Response surface methodology; Sec: seconds     

Optimization of Lipid Extraction and Determination of Fatty Acid Compositions in Edible Meats of Freshwater and Marine Shrimps

Response surface methodology was applied to determine optimal conditions for lipid extraction from shrimp. Box-Behnken Design including independent variables such as extraction time, extraction temperature, and ratio of mixed solvents was used. The optimal conditions for lipids extraction were the use of petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (2.3:1, v/v) with 62 min of extraction at 52ºC. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yields of lipids from Euphausia superba, Penaeuschinesis, Macrobranchium nipponense, and M. rosenbergii were 4.39, 2.80, 2.98, and 3.30%, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that M. rosenbergii presented the highest level of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (48.28%) among the shrimps studied. In addition, the 20:5n3 (EPA) + 22:6n3 (DHA) value (26.43%) was second only to E. superba (31.27%). The finding suggests that M. rosenbergii is a potential PUFA source for food supplementation.     

响应面法优化四角蛤蜊酶解工艺条件

为提高四角蛤蜊的利用率,采用木瓜蛋白酶对其软体部位进行酶解。在单因素试验的基础上,研究温度、pH和酶加量对酶解过程的影响,通过三因素三水平的Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化其酶解工艺条件。试验结果表明,所建立的响应面模型极显著（ P＜0．0001）,可以很好的反映各因素与水解度之间的关系,且由模型得出木瓜蛋白酶酶解四角蛤蜊的最佳工艺参数为温度48℃、p H 7．2、酶加量3000 U/g、料液比3∶100（g/m L ）和时间3 h ,在此条件下水解度为37．05％,从而为四角蛤蜊的精深加工利用,尤其是天然海鲜调味料的开发提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化鲅鱼抗氧化肽发酵条件

为减少加工废弃物蛋白所造成的环境污染,提高水产品的利用率,探索了回收利用鲅鱼(Spanish mackerel)加工后富含蛋白质的废弃物,以寻找制备鲅鱼抗氧化肽的最佳生产条件。借助Design-Expert数据处理软件对苏云金芽孢杆菌Hy-4发酵产抗氧化肽的条件进行优化;在单因素试验的基础上,利用PlackettBurman试验设计法对影响发酵制备鲅鱼抗氧化肽的培养条件进行筛选。确定了影响发酵液总抗氧化活性的3个主要影响因素(P0.5)为发酵温度、培养基初始p H和料液比;在此基础上,利用最陡爬坡实验逼近3个关键因素的最大响应区域,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,通过求解回归方程得到产抗氧化肽的最优条件为:发酵时间48 h,发酵温度30℃,培养基初始p H 6.8,接种量2%,料液比1.45 g/50 m L,菌龄24 h。经过验证,发酵液总抗氧化活性达到537.73 U,较优化前提高了57.2%,与回归方程的预测值570.11 U相比,相对误差为5.7%,说明模型能够较好地预测菌株Hy-4发酵产抗氧化肽发酵液的总抗氧化性。