安徽省奶牛球虫感染及分布情况调查

为查明安徽省奶牛球虫感染与地理分布情况，对本省10个奶牛场进行奶牛球虫感染情况的调研．在540头奶牛的粪样中检到球虫卵囊，其感染率为66．34％(540／814)；经鉴定有12种艾美耳球虫．即牛艾关耳球虫(Eimeria bovis、邱氏艾美耳球虫(E．zuernii、椭圆艾关耳球虫(E．ellipsoidalis)、奥博艾关耳球虫(E．aubumensis)、亚球艾美耳球虫(E．subspherica)、加拿大艾美耳球虫(E．canadensis)、柱状艾关耳球虫（E．cylindrica)、怀俄明艾美耳球虫(E．wyomingensis)、阿拉巴艾美耳球虫(E、alabamensis)、拔克朗艾美耳球虫(E．bukidnonensis)、广西艾美耳球虫(E．Kwangsiensis)和皮利他艾美耳球虫(E．pellita)。奶牛球虫的感染率存在明显的年龄差异但地区间差异不明显。     

安徽省部分地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查

目的了解安徽省五个县（区）鸡球虫种类及感染情况。方法采用群体采样法分别从个调查点采集新鲜鸡粪，检查粪样。阳性粪样采用饱和盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离。显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定，并统计各调查点的鸡球虫感染率和感染强度等。结果检查172份鸡的新鲜粪样，得出鸡球虫感染率为100％；共检出7种球虫，经鉴定均隶属于艾美耳属，分别为毒害艾关耳球虫（Eimeria necatrix），堆型艾关耳球虫（E．acervulina），巨型艾关耳球虫（E．maxima），柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E．tenella），和缓艾美耳球虫（E．mitis），哈氏艾美耳球虫（E．hagani）和早熟艾美耳球虫（E．praecox）。结论鸡球虫在安徽省的这5个县（区）普遍存在，且有的调查点感染强度很高。     

凤台县猪球虫种类及感染情况调查

对凤台县115头猪的球虫感染情况进行了调查,结果在77头猪的粪便中检出了球虫卵囊,感染率为70.0%(77/115),对其孢子化卵囊进行鉴定,结果发现8种球虫,即:极小艾美耳球虫,新蒂氏艾关耳球虫,蒂氏艾关耳球虫,猪艾美耳球虫,粗糙艾美耳球虫,光滑艾美耳球虫、有刺艾美耳球虫和猪等孢球虫.     

鸡球虫病的防治方法

鸡球虫病的病原为原虫中艾美耳科艾美耳属的球虫,世界各国已经记载的鸡球虫种类共有13种之多,我国已发现柔嫩、毒害、巨型、堆型等9种艾美耳球虫,其中致病力最强的是柔嫩艾美耳球虫和毒害艾关耳球虫。     

皖中地区家兔球虫种类调查

皖中地区家兔球虫种类调查路光，许东（安徽省含山县畜牧兽医站）兔球虫病是家兔最主要的寄生虫病，对养兔业能造成十分严重的损失。为了做好兔球虫病的防治工作，我们在１９９１年及１９９３年间对皖中地区的家兔球虫种类进行了调查。图１１４种家兔球虫卵囊１．盲肠艾耳...     

皖西地区鸡球虫病流行情况调查

采用群体采样法分别从安徽省六安、寿县、霍邱三地调查点采集新鲜鸡粪,检查粪样.阳性粪样采用饱和食盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离.显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定,并统计各调查点的鸡球虫感染率和感染强度等.调查结果:检查50份鸡的新鲜粪样.得出鸡球虫感染率为100%;共检出6种球虫,经鉴定均隶属于艾关耳属,分别为毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria rwcatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(Emaxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenel-la)、缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox).调查结果说明:鸡球虫在皖西地区普遍存在,且有的调查点感染强度很高,养殖户的科学防治意识不强.     

兔球虫病的诊断及防治要点

兔球虫病是家兔常见的危害最严重的寄生虫病,该病与兔瘟、兔巴氏杆菌病、兔疥癣病一同被称为四大兔病。一、虫体特性及生活史据报道,兔球虫种类有17种,其中以斯氏艾美耳球虫、肠艾美耳球虫、松林艾美耳球虫和中型艾     

安徽省肥西县家兔球虫感染情况初步调查

对安徽省肥西县不同地区的家兔球虫种类及感染情况进行调查,结果表明该地区家兔球虫感染率为100%,并均为混合感染。鉴定出9种艾美耳球虫(Eimeria),即大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)、穿孔艾美耳球虫(E.perforans)、斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai)、小型艾美耳球虫(E.exigua)、中型艾美耳球虫(E.media)、松林艾美耳球虫(E.matsubayashii)、肠艾美耳球虫(E.intestinalis)和那格浦耳艾美耳球虫(E.nagpurensis),并对家兔球虫的感染强度和优势虫种等进行了记述。     

杨凌地区家兔球虫种类的初步调查

对陕西杨凌地区的家兔球虫种类进行初步调查,结果表明,该地区家兔球虫感染率为100％,且均为混合感染。感染强度OPG最大值为21875。本次共检出11种家兔艾美耳球虫,即：盲肠艾美耳球虫（Eimeria coecicola）、小型艾美耳球虫（E.exigua）、黄色艾美耳球虫（E.flavescens）、肠艾美耳球虫（E.inrestinalis）、无残艾美耳球虫（E．irresidua）、大型艾美耳球虫（E.magna）、松林艾美耳球虫（E.matsubayashii）、中型艾美耳球虫（E.media）、穿孔艾美耳球虫（E．perforans）、梨形艾美耳球虫（E．piriformis）和斯氏艾美耳球虫（E.stiedai）,其中穿孔艾美耳球虫和中型艾美耳球虫为优势虫种。     

北京地区家兔球虫种类的初步调查

报道了北京周边5个地区家兔球虫种类的初步调查结果，初步认定了北京地区存在13个球虫种，即兔艾美耳球虫、无残艾美耳球虫、黄艾美耳球虫、盲肠艾美耳球虫、新兔艾美耳球虫、中型艾美耳球虫、小型艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫、斯氏艾美耳球虫、肠艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫、松林艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫。     

新疆部分地区兔球虫种类调查研究

对新疆部分地区家兔球虫的种类进行调查,发现兔的艾美耳球虫检出率为100%,并检出10种兔艾美耳球虫,即斯氏艾美耳球虫(Eimera stiedai)、大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)、无残艾美耳球虫(E.irrestidua)、梨型艾美耳球虫(E.piriformis)、小型艾美耳球虫(Eexigua)、肠艾美耳球虫(E.intestinalis)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)、穿孔艾美耳球虫((E.perforans)、野兔艾美耳球虫(E.leporis)、黄艾美耳球虫(E.flsvescens),其中穿孔艾美耳球虫、小型艾美耳球虫和斯氏艾美耳球虫为优势虫种.     

Prevalence of Eimeria in faeces of cattle in Saudi Arabia

The faeces of 205 domestic cattle (Bos taurus) from 5 regions of Saudi Arabia were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. The following species of Eimeria were recovered: Eimeria auburnensis, E. bovis, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. subspherica, E. wyomingensis and E. zuerni. A total of 34.1% of the individual faecal samples were positive for the presence of coccidial oocysts. Mixed infections of 2-4 species were found in 15.7% of the specimens. E. zuerni and E. bovis occurred most frequently and were generally the most predominant species. The incidence of coccidia-infected cattle was higher in the eastern region.     

Diversity and seasonal occurrence of Eimeria species in a mixed flock of communally reared sheep and goats in Mafikeng in the North West Province, South Africa

Diversity and seasonal occurrence of coccidia in a communally reared mixed flock of sheep and goats at Mafikeng, North West Province, South Africa, was determined between March 2008 and February 2009. Faecal specimens were collected directly from the rectum of the animals and the number of oocysts per gram of faeces (opg) determined. The mean monthly opg for goats was significantly higher than that for sheep. Higher oocyst counts were observed during the hot, rainy season than during the cold, dry season. The highest mean values for both the sheep (862.5 opg) and goats (1200 opg) were recorded during March. Six species (Eimeria crandallis, E. bakuensis, E. weybridgensis, E. ahsata, E. intricata, and E. ovinoidalis) were recovered from sheep, with E. crandallis and E. bakuensis occurring most frequently. The last 2 species, together with E. ahsata, are considered among the most pathogenic species in sheep. In goats, 7 species (E. arloingi, E. jolchijevi, E. caprina, E. alijevi, E. caprovina, E. christenseni and E. hirci) were recovered, with E. arloingi and E. jolchijevi occurring most frequently. Up to 5 Eimeria species were recovered from individual specimens in goats while up to 4 were recovered in sheep. No cross-infections between goats and sheep were recorded and no clinical coccidiosis was noted during the study. It is increasingly becoming evident that the pathogenic E. arloingi is one of the most commonly occurring Eimeria species in goats in South Africa.     

33个小型鸡场球虫流行病学调查

对天津、河北、山东等地33个小型养鸡场做了球虫病原学流行调查。根据卵囊形态，最短潜在期．裂殖体部位和大小，病变等具有鉴别意义的特征做综合鉴定。结果显示，33个鸡场都有球虫的感染。共鉴定出7个种．其中有28个鸡场有堆形艾美耳球虫(E．acervulina)，占84．84％．26个场有柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E．tenella)．占78．78％．25个场有巨型艾美耳球虫(E．maxima)，占75．8％，早熟艾美耳球虫(E．praecox)，和缓艾美耳球虫(E．mitis)，布氏艾美耳球虫(E．brunetti)和毒害艾美耳球虫(E．necatrix)各1个场有．各占3％。只有一个鸡场单独感染一种球虫．其余都是混合感染2种或2种以上球虫，其中有2个鸡场混合感染4种球虫。     

The effect of three planes of nutrition on natural coccidial infections in Awassi sheep yearlings

Faecal samples from three groups of yearling Awassi sheep fed three different nutritional planes were taken at 2-week intervals over a period of 3 months. Eimerian oocysts were found in 252 (80%) of the 315 samples collected. The species of Eimeria were identified and 30.2% of the samples contained three or four species, 27.3% had two species and 22.2% had one species. The prevalences in decreasing order were: E. pallida (37.1%); E. parva (28.9%); E. crandallis (17.8%); E. marsica (15.6%); E. bakuensis (syn. E. ovina) (13.7%); E. ovinoidalis (11.4%); E. intricata (11.1%); E. ahsata (9.2%); E. faurei (7.0%); E. granulosa (4.4%). The prevalence of E. bakuensis was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in sheep fed the high and moderate planes of nutrition, while the prevalence of E. faurei was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in sheep fed on the moderate plane. The numbers of E. marsica were also significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than other Eimeria species in the moderate plane group.     

Coccidia of goats in Zimbabwe

Faecal samples from goats were collected per rectum from February 1989 to January 1990. The numbers of oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces were determined by the McMaster technique and identification of oocysts was made on sporulation. Infection was seen throughout the year, infecting on average 89.9% of 1092 adults and 94.0% of 151 kids. OPG of less than 1000 were found in 61.2% of adults and 43.3% of kids, whereas OPG of 1000-5000 were observed in 29.0% of adults and 34.6% of kids. Two kids showed over 10(6) OPG. Twelve species of Eimeria coccidia were identified. The percentage of animals harbouring different species were: E. alijevi and E. ninakohlyakimovae, 99%; E. hirci, 83.5%; E. arloingi, 80.6%; E. caprina, 77.6%; E. aspheronica, 64.8%; E. ahsata, 63%; E. christenseni 60%; E. granulosa, 42.8%; E. pallida, 6.2%; E. intricata, 2% E. punctata, 0.3%. Two percent of goats harboured three species, 5.6% four, 9.5% five, 26.3% six, 25.7% seven, 23.7% eight, 6.3% nine, 0.6% ten and 0.3% eleven species. E. alijevi was the most predominant species, followed by E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. ahsata, E. arloingi, E. granulosa, E. caprina, E. christenseni, E. hirci, E. aspheronica and E. pallida in decreasing order. E. intricata and E. punctata never showed predominance. All the species are reported from Zimbabwe for the first time.     

绵羊球虫感染情况和种类调查

应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对河南、山东和东北等地的1052只绵羊球虫感染情况及种类进行了调查,结果表明球虫总感染率为94.8%,对968份阳性样本中的球虫卵囊进行形态学鉴定,共检出12种艾美耳球虫,分别为阿撒他艾美耳球虫、巴库艾美耳球虫、小型艾美耳球虫、贡氏艾美耳球虫、类绵羊艾美耳球虫、颗粒艾美耳球虫、苍白艾美耳球虫、马耳西卡艾美耳球虫、温布里吉艾美耳球虫、错乱艾美耳球虫、槌形艾美耳球虫和浮氏艾美耳球虫。调查结果发现绵羊最多可同时感染9种球虫,多数为2~5种,混合感染率为71.8%;1岁以下和1岁以上绵羊球虫感染率分别为99.4%和86.0%,平均OPG值分别为7907.36和3263.89;舍饲和放牧绵羊球虫感染率分别为97.0%和89.0%;夏、秋季为球虫主要流行季节。     

鸡艾美耳球虫18SrDNA序列与系统进化分析

为了确定鸡艾美耳球虫（Eimeria）不同种以及来自不同地区同种不同株之间的亲缘关系,研究其分类地位,对实验室保藏的柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Etenella）、毒害艾美耳球虫（Eneeatrix）、巨型艾美耳球虫（Emaxima）、堆形艾美耳球虫（Eaaervulina）等4种15株鸡球虫孢子化卵囊的18SrDNA基因进行克隆、测序,并与从GenBank下载的鸡球虫18SrDNA序列一起,使用软件DNAstar 5．0 MegAlign进行系统发育分析。结果显示,4种艾美耳球虫种间同源性在94．6％～99．4％之间,7株柔嫩艾美耳球虫的株间同源性在99．0％-99．9％之间,5株巨型艾美耳球虫的株间同源性在96．9％～99．8％之间。用该4种鸡球虫的18SrDNA序列与GenBank下载的另外4种鸡球虫18SrDNA序列构建系统发育树,显示这8种鸡艾美耳球虫形成2个分支,即堆形艾美耳球虫（EASH）、巨型艾美耳球虫（EMSH）、变位艾美耳球虫（Emivati）、和缓艾美耳球虫（Emitis）、布氏艾美耳球虫（Ebrunetti）、早熟艾美耳球虫（Epraecox）构成1个分支,柔嫩艾美耳球虫（ENSH）、毒害艾美耳球虫（ETAS）构成另1分支。巨型艾美耳球虫、柔嫩艾美耳球虫各株的系统发育树均根据地域关系产生2个分支。柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫的亲缘关系较近,不同地理区域的同种不同株的亲缘关系相对较远,种间和种内的鉴定结果与普通生物学结果一致。本研究提示18SrDNA基因可用于鸡球虫不同种／株的分类鉴定,为艾美耳球虫分子遗传学鉴定提供了理论基础。     

皖西白鹅球虫种类及感染情况调查

采用传统的卵囊形态学方法,结合球虫寄生部位,对皖西白鹅球虫的感染率和种类进行了调查和鉴定。共查48个粪样,球虫阳性48份,阳性率100％。共检到1科2属6种球虫,其中艾美耳属（Eimeria）5种,即鹅艾美耳球虫（E．anseris）、棕黄艾美耳球虫（E．fulva）、赫曼艾美耳球虫（E．hermani）、有害艾美耳球虫（E．novcens）和多斑艾美耳球虫（E．stigmosa）;泰泽属（Tyzzeria）1种,即稍小泰泽球虫（T．parvula）。稍小泰泽球虫检出率最高（100％）,其次是赫曼艾美耳球虫（50．0％）,为本次调查的优势种。     

3种兔球虫ITS-1序列测定与系统发育分析

从河北省兔场分别单卵囊分离孢子化大型艾美耳球虫卵囊、黄艾美耳球虫卵囊及肠艾美耳球虫卵囊,接种无球虫兔后获得纯种卵囊,CTAB法提取孢子化卵囊基因组DNA。利用艾美耳属球虫18SrDNA和5．8SrDNA保守引物,PCR扩增3种兔球虫ITS-1片段,产物纯化后测序。将3种球虫ITS-1测序结果与GenBank发布的兔球虫ITS-1序列进行比对和遗传距离比较,绘制系统发育树。结果表明,大型艾美耳球虫、黄艾美耳球虫及肠艾美耳球虫河北株分别扩增出424、455、434bp的ITS-1片段。大型艾美耳球虫、黄艾美耳球虫及肠艾关耳球虫河北株与GenBank中发布的同种兔球虫ITS-1序列相似性分别为97．4％、97．9％和96．9％。系统发育树显示兔球虫ITS-1序列形成1个单系群,该单系群根据寄生部位分为2个姊妹群。