大豆分离蛋白的添加量对面包品质的影响

面包中添加大豆分离蛋白,可有效提高其营养价值和功能特性。本实验对向面包粉中单独添加大豆分离蛋白和添加大豆蛋白及乳化剂(硬脂酰乳酸钠,SSL)混合体的面包面团的流变学特性进行了比较研究,结果显示,后者明显优于前者。又对添加最大量大豆分离蛋白的面团进行了流变学特性和焙烤品质的研究,结果显示,添加了5.0%大豆分离蛋白及0.5%SSL的面包的焙烤品质最优。对生产高蛋白和功能性面包产品具有实际指导意义。     

燕麦粉对强筋面粉品质特性及其面包品质的影响

面包逐渐成为中国人营养早餐的选择,但面包中膳食纤维含量较低。燕麦是一种食疗兼备的特色杂粮作物,富含膳食纤维。为拓宽燕麦的应用范围、提高面包的营养价值,以优质强筋小麦品种藁优2018和燕麦粉为材料,研究了燕麦粉对小麦面粉面团流变学特性及淀粉糊化特性的影响,并进行了燕麦面包实验室制作和质构分析。结果表明,随着燕麦粉添加比例的增加,面团吸水率逐渐增加,面团稳定时间和粉质质量指数先减小后增加;面团拉伸能量、拉伸长度、拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力均逐渐减小。说明燕麦粉对面团拉伸特性各参数均有弱化作用。在藁优2018小麦面粉中添加10%的燕麦粉,既能保证面包的感官品质,又能满足面包营养最大化。     

大豆膳食纤维在面包中的应用

文章研究了大豆膳食纤维在面包中的应用。添加大豆膳食纤维后,面粉的粉质特性发生了明显的改变:面团形成时间和稳定时间随着大豆膳食纤维添加量的增加先升高再降低,弱化度则是先下降再升高,而吸水率则是随着膳食纤维的添加量的增加一直升高;在面包中添加大豆膳食纤维在保持口感的基础上提高面包出品率,通过正交实验确定最佳配方为:面粉213.4 g、水119.8 g、白砂糖20 g、鸡蛋1个、黄油20 g、大豆膳食纤维6.6 g、食盐2 g、酵母2 g、面包改良剂3.3 g、谷朊粉2.2 g,能够提高7%左右出品率,并且使面包保持良好的口感和风味。     

茶叶粉对小麦面粉流变学及糊化特性的影响

为进一步提高茶叶在食品工业中的应用范围,以小麦西农538(中筋)为供试材料,分别添加0、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的绿茶、红茶和黑茶3类茶叶粉于面粉中,并对其进行面团流变学特性及糊化特性分析。结果表明,3类茶叶粉均可显著改善面团的流变学特性及糊化特性。随着茶叶粉添加量的增加,面团吸水率均显著增大;添加2%~10%的绿茶粉及6%~10%的黑茶粉,面团的形成时间和稳定时间均显著提高,弱化度均显著降低。添加6%的绿茶粉时,面团的拉伸能量和最大拉伸阻力增幅均达到最大值,延伸度出现小幅度升高的拐点;添加4%的红茶粉,面团的拉伸面积显著增大,继续增加添加量则变化不明显;黑茶和红茶粉添加量分别大于4%和6%时,面团延伸度均显著降低。面粉中添加适量的茶叶粉可改善面粉的品质,绿茶粉的添加对面团网络结构形成速度和面团筋力的改良效果大于红茶粉和黑茶粉。面粉糊化的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、峰值时间、回生值随着茶叶粉添加量的增大均呈不同幅度的降低趋势;3类茶叶粉对面粉糊化的热稳定性具有不同程度的改善作用。     

不同热处理小米粉对小麦粉面团流变学特性的影响

为探究经过不同热处理的小米粉对小麦面团品质的影响,将小米粉分别进行膨化、蒸制和炒制热处理,经蒸制和炒制的小米粉按照0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%和35%的比例添加到小麦粉中,膨化小米粉按照0、2%、4%、6%和8%的比例添加到小麦粉中,分别对混合粉面团的流变学特性进行研究。结果表明,不同热处理小米粉的灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、总淀粉和总膳食纤维含量均下降,可溶性膳食纤维含量升高(炒制组除外)。不同热处理小米粉的添加量对小麦面团粉质特性和拉伸特性的影响存在显著差异(P0.05);面团的粉质特性随小米粉含量的增加而减弱;添加蒸制和炒制小米粉的面团粉质特性较好。随着小米粉含量的增加,添加膨化小米粉的面团的拉伸特性呈先增强后减弱的趋势,添加蒸制和炒制小米粉的面团的拉伸特性则逐渐减弱,且3个处理的拉伸特性都随醒面时间的延长有所增强,不同处理之间的拉伸特性差别不大。     

食用胶对小麦粉面团流变学特性的影响

为明确食用胶在面制食品中的作用,以3种商业小麦粉(特一粉、富强粉、上白粉)为试验材料,分别添加不同比例的海藻酸钠、黄原胶、卡拉胶,分析其对面团流变学特性的影响。结果表明,小麦粉添加0.15%~0.25%的海藻酸钠,面团稳定时间显著提高,弱化度显著降低;添加0.10%、0.20%和0.25%的海藻酸钠,面团最大拉伸阻力显著提高。添加0.02%、0.06%和0.10%的黄原胶,面团最大拉伸阻力显著提高;添加0.10%黄原胶的面团拉伸面积也显著提高。添加0.10%的卡拉胶,面团稳定时间、拉伸面积显著提高,弱化度显著降低。食用胶因小麦粉品质不同对面团流变学特性的影响也不同,除添加0.25%的海藻酸钠外,其他添加量的3种食用胶均可降低特一粉的面团吸水率,提高上白粉的吸水率。研究认为,海藻酸钠、黄原胶、卡拉胶可显著改善小麦粉的面团流变学特性,增强面团筋力。     

维生素C对面包烘焙品质及面团特性的影响

为研究添加维生素C对不同筋力小麦粉面包烘焙品质的改良效果,以师栾02-1、石优17、矮抗58和济麦22四个不同筋力小麦品种的面粉为材料,研究了维生素C对面包烘焙特性及面团流变性特性的影响。结果表明,添加维生素C对强筋品种师栾02-1和中筋品种矮抗58的面包体积有显著改良作用,而对4个品种的面包外观、面包芯色泽、面包芯质地和面包芯纹理结构均没有影响。添加维生素C对面团的弱化度和最大拉伸阻力等流变学特性的改良作用也因小麦品种而异,而且改良作用有限,不能改变小麦粉本身的加工属性。     

冬小麦主要品质性状和产量性状的遗传特性及F2代杂种优势研究进展

为了给小麦杂种F2代在生产上的利用提供信息与依据,对冬小麦的蛋白质含量、面筋含量、沉淀值、面团流变学特性等主要品质性状和产量性状的遗传特性及F2代杂种优势的研究进展作了初步概述,认为通过利用小麦杂种F2代杂种优势提高产量的同时改良品质是可行的,指出今后我国小麦育种应注意充分利用杂种F2代优势,并加强小麦杂种F2代面团流变学特性的研究。     

大豆分离蛋白对冰淇淋品质及流变学特性的影响

0%~6%大豆分离蛋白添加到冰淇淋中,通过研究冰淇淋的混料黏度、膨胀率、融化率、硬度,以及流变学特性与微观结构,探讨分析大豆分离蛋白添加量对冰淇淋品质及流变学特性的影响。结果表明:冰淇淋中添加大豆分离蛋白后,其黏度、硬度均随大豆分离蛋白添加量的增加而显著上升;膨胀率及融化率随大豆分离蛋白添加量的增加先上升后下降;在添加量小于4%时,对各项指标影响较小。添加大豆分离蛋白后,冰淇淋中气泡变大。     

CIMMYT小麦沉淀值测定及面团特性评价方法

本文介绍了ＣＩＭＭＹＴ测定小麦沉淀值的方法及其步骤，并提出了在小麦品质改良过程中，利用和面仪和吹泡示功仪评价面团流变学特性的方法及其具体指标，以满足小麦品质育种的需要，为国内品质研究规范化提供依据。     

Functional bread: Effect of inulin-type products addition on dough rheology and bread quality

The concerns for a healthy diet in terms of the consumption of baked products as fibre-enriched ones have been highlighted by increased consumers demand, food legislation and targeting manufacturers offer to healthy food. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of some inulin-type products added in bread-making aimed at producing functional bakery goods. In this purpose some physico-chemical characteristics and technological properties of the Romanian wheat flour half-white with addition of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% inulin commercial products (% basis flour) were evaluated. Rheological behaviour was investigated using mixolab Chopin and baking tests for fibre-enriched products were performed. Changes of the rheological behaviour were noticed, in terms of a general decreasing trend of dough machinability due to enzymatic reactions probably influenced by changing the ratio of the main compounds and their interactions. Overall the bread loaves characteristics mainly affected by inulin addition were the volume and crust colour.Results indicated that inulin potential as fibre enrichment in wheat bread is limited, 15% Fibruline DS being a maximum percent to be used in bread-making of half-white flour, a dosage above being critically for dough rheological behaviour and the quality of high-fibre bread.     

Flour constituent interactions and their influence on dough rheology and quality of semi-sweet biscuits: A mixture design approach with reconstituted blends of gluten, water-solubles and starch fractions

The aim of this study was to identify the biochemical parameters that alter the soft wheat flour functionality for biscuit-making quality. A 9-point simplex centroid was used to investigate the effect of varying the ratios of gluten, water-solubles and starch-fractions isolated from three different flour grades (patent, middle-cut and clear flours) which exhibited a wide range of compositional and functionality characteristics on the dough rheological behaviour and the semi-sweet biscuit quality parameters. The amounts of soluble and insoluble proteins and pentosans as well as the endogenous lipids in each flour fraction were quantified. Dough consistency, elongational viscosity, hardness, half-relaxation time, relaxation rate constant, cohesiveness and springiness as well as biscuit density, firmness, tearing force and spatial frequency for the different flour fraction combinations were also assessed. Regression models have been developed to predict the responses of the rheological attributes of the dough as well as the biscuit quality characteristics to the compositional changes of the flour blends; in addition to the main linear terms (concentration of starch, gluten and water-solubles isolated from the different flour grades), significant interaction terms were identified which cannot be neglected in any prediction scheme for the dough and biscuit properties. Contour plots were drawn in an effort to better understand the overall property responses of the dough and biscuits. Significant relationships among certain dough rheological parameters and biscuit characteristics were found, implying a functional role for the total, soluble and insoluble proteins, pentosans and lipids in biscuit making.     

Effect of extrusion cooking of sorghum flour on rheology,morphology and heating rate of sorghum–wheat composite dough

Addition of a gluten-free flour such as sorghum has negative impact on the quality of wheat dough for bread making. One of the methods which can be used to promote the quality of sorghum-wheat composite dough is to extrude the sorghum flour before incorporation. In this regard, to produce a dough with appropriate bakery properties sorghum flour was extruded at 110 °C and 160 °C die temperature with 10%, 14% and 18% feed moisture. The effect of extruded sorghum flour incorporation (10%) on rheological (farinography and stress relaxation behavior), morphological and temperature profile of sorghum-wheat composite dough were evaluated. Extrusion cooking altered the sorghum-wheat composite dough properties through partial gelatinization of starch granules. Addition of extruded sorghum flour increased the water absorption and dough development time but it decreased the dough stability. Native sorghum-wheat composite dough showed viscoelastic liquid-like behavior whereas addition of sorghum flour extrudate changed dough to a more viscoelastic solid-like structure. Maxwell model was more appropriate than Peleg model to describe the viscoelasticity of the sorghum-wheat composite dough. Extrusion cooking decreased composite dough elasticity and viscosity. Sorghum extrudate increased the heating rate of composite dough crumb during baking. Addition of extruded sorghum flour formed a non-uniform and less compact dough structure. As a result, dough containing extruded sorghum flour had a good potential for producing a high-yielding bread in a short time of baking.     

Comparison of quality of refined and whole wheat tortillas

The use of whole wheat flour instead of refined flour significantly improves the nutritional profile of flour tortillas. However, whole and refined flours differ in properties and in how they process, thus needing process modifications to get the desired product quality. To understand these differences, refined and whole wheat flours, dough and tortillas were evaluated and compared for physical and rheological properties. Overall, whole wheat flour required more water (59% of flour weight) than refined wheat (53%) to make machineable dough. Refined flour doughs were more extensible and softer than whole wheat flour doughs, thus easier to process. Whole wheat flour tortillas were larger, thinner and less opaque than refined flour tortillas. In general, refined wheat tortillas were more shelf-stable than whole wheat tortillas. Smaller particle size and less fiber in the refined wheat flour mainly contributed to the observed differences. Among the whole wheat samples, tortillas from strong flours had excellent shelf-stability, which must be considered when whole wheat tortillas are processed. This will minimize the need to add vital wheat gluten or other dough strengtheners.     

Assessment of amyloglucosidase activity during production and storage of laminated pie dough. Impact on raw dough properties and sweetness after baking

Amyloglucosidase (AMG) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes starch into glucose units. AMG activity was tested in a model pie dough during the dough-making process (after mixing and sheeting) and during storage for 4 weeks at 4 °C. The activity was quantified by measuring the glucose content of dough and baked products using HPLC. The consequences of AMG activity on the sweet taste of the baked products (sensory ranking test) and on the rheological properties of the dough were studied and compared with a control dough formulated with sucrose. The results showed a significant production of glucose during the dough-making process and during baking when AMG was used. During the dough-making process, AMG activity was limited by the substrate. During baking, the substrate was no longer a limiting factor and the amount of glucose released was directly proportional to the amount of AMG used. The mixing time was increased and the elastic properties of the dough decreased when AMG was added. However, these impacts of AMG on dough properties were not as significant as those of sucrose addition. Addition of 0.75% AMG (flour basis) developed a sweet taste equivalent to that obtained by addition of 17% sucrose (flour basis).     

Comparative analysis of dough rheology and quality of bread baked from fortified and high-in-fiber flours

The research, evaluated the rheological properties of dough and final bread quality production, in function of time, made from wheat refined flour that was enriched with an oat dietary fiber in two dosages (WOF 6% and WOF 12%), spelt flour and two types of wholegrain flour: wholegrain (full milling) and wholemeal (one-step milling). The rheological measurements revealed that the highest instantaneous compliance (J₀) was observed in the wholemeal sample and the lowest was in the WOF 6%. The lowest specific volume was observed in the wholegrain bread (0.82 cm³/g), while the highest was observed in the control white bread sample (1.60 cm³/g). The most rapid loss of moisture appeared in white bread. The moisture content was significantly influenced by the type of flour, day of storage and the interaction of these two variables (p ≤ 0.01). The hardest was the sample of wholegrain bread on the first and third day. The smallest pores were noticed in WOF 12% sample. In water extraction, white bread and WOF 12% were comparable and there were no significant differences between spelt bread and wholegrain bread. THE WOF 12% sample had the optimal ratio of health benefits and technological properties.     

Effect of NaCl on rheological properties of dough and noodle quality

To assess the effect of NaCl on processing properties of different varieties of wheat flour and noodle quality, the rheological properties of dough, and the quality of white salted noodles made from three different varieties of wheat flour were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of NaCl had different effects on the rheological properties of different varieties of wheat flour. As NaCl concentration increased, the stability time of both intermediate-gluten and weak-gluten wheat flour increased, while that of strong-gluten wheat flour increased initially and then remained stable. The developing time of strong-gluten wheat flour increased, while those of both intermediate-gluten and weak-gluten wheat flour did not change significantly. The energy values of intermediate- and weak-gluten wheat flour did not change significantly while that of strong-gluten wheat flour increased. NaCl had no apparent effects on the hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience of noodles. The cooking loss of fresh noodles increased positively with increasing NaCl concentration. Microstructure of noodles showed that gluten network structure of noodles became more and more dense with increasing NaCl concentration. The effect of NaCl on gluten protein contributed to the change of rheological properties and noodle quality.