Eremothecium ashbyiiT_(30)菌株固态发酵生产核黄素粗品

本文以本研究室筛得的核黄素高产株 Ａｒｅｍ ｏｔｈｅｃｕｉｍ ａｓｈ ｂｙｉｉ Ｔ ３ ０为出发菌株，研究了它在 ９０％ 豆渣及 １０％ 麸皮的混合培养基上固态发酵生产核黄素粗品的发酵条件及可行性。同时也探讨了在固态发酵过程中添加碘乙酸、玉米浆、 Ｋ Ｈ ２ Ｐ Ｏ ４ 等物质对核黄素全成的有利影响。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T30过量合成核黄素发酵工艺条件研究

以本室筛得的核黄素同产突变株Ｅ．ａｓｈｂｙｉｉ Ｔ３０为出发株,探讨了发酵工艺条件对核黄素产量的影响。结果表明：不同氮源、碳源、发酵用水、培养基灭菌方式及种子液质量都对核黄素产量有较大的影响,而且在发酵过程中,发酵２４ｈ时添加２５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的碘乙酸或发酵４０ｈ时补加约２０ｇ／Ｌ的葡萄糖或发酵４８ｈ时补加约１７％（ｖ／ｖ）的新鲜培养基（无油）同对照组相比,分别增产２７．１％,２４．３和２０．９％。     

混菌固态发酵对菜籽饼营养价值及抗营养因子含量的影响

本试验旨在研究混菌固态发酵对菜籽饼营养价值及抗营养因子含量的影响.采用枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、白地霉3个菌种对菜籽饼进行固态发酵,优化了发酵条件,并结合中试发酵考察发酵后对菜籽饼营养价值和抗营养因子含量的变化.结果表明:1)混菌固态发酵菜籽饼最佳的发酵条件为,3种菌同时添加,接种比例为黑曲霉∶白地霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌=1∶1∶3,接种量为16％,料水比=1∶1,发酵4 d;2)随着发酵时间的延长,小肽、游离氨基酸含量呈线性增加,硫苷等抗营养因子含量呈线性减少;3)中试发酵中菜籽饼发酵后形态结构改变,蛋白质分子质量变小,其中小肽含量提高了385.19％,游离氨基酸含量提高了300.00％,硫苷含量降幅达到93.53％,(噁)唑烷硫酮全部被降解.总之,通过混菌固态发酵能够有效消除硫苷等抗营养因子,改善菜籽饼蛋白质品质,发酵条件简单易行.     

固态发酵复合蛋白对生长猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究固态发酵复合蛋白饲料对生长阉公猪生产性能的影响。复合蛋白原料组成为棉粕、菜粕和豆粕,固态发酵所选用的菌种为产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和猪源乳酸杆菌。将产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌接种到复合蛋白原料后发酵3d,干燥后制得固态发酵复合蛋白。在测定其常规养分含量基础上进行了生长试验。选择体重（27．70＋0。82）kg的PIC生长阉公猪12头,随机分配到2个处理组中,即发酵前复合蛋白组和发酵后复合蛋白组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期8d。试验结果表明,发酵后复合蛋白组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别比发酵前复合蛋白组提高7。4％和20。3％;同时发酵后复合蛋白组的料重比发酵前复合蛋白组降低6．3％。在生长猪日粮中添加12．04％固态发酵复合蛋白与添加13．34％的发酵前复合蛋白相比,可以提高其日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率。     

固态发酵菜粕部分替代豆粕对肉鸡肝脏和甲状腺的影响

试验选用112羽平均体重为37．5±0．33g的1日龄爱拔益加肉雏鸡,随机分为4个处理（每个处理4个重复）,分别饲以玉米-豆粕型基础日粮及用5％、10％和15％的固态发酵菜粕替代豆粕的日粮,以研究固态发酵菜粕对肉鸡肝脏和甲状腺的影响并确定替代的适宜比例。结果表明,日粮中用15％以内的固态发酵莱粕替代部分豆粕对爱拔益佳肉鸡的肝脏和甲状腺指数没有显著影响,因此在日粮中使用15％以内的固态发酵菜粕替代部分豆粕不会引起肉鸡的表观毒性反应。     

米根霉菌丝对固态发酵饲料粗纤维检测的影响

试验研究米根霉菌丝对固态发酵粗饲料中粗纤维含量的影响.采用米根霉固态发酵麦麸,以Elson-Morga法测定发酵麦麸培养基中米根霉菌丝含量,并测定米根霉菌丝粗纤维含量.结果显示,发酵麦麸培养基第4～6 d时米根霉菌丝的粗纤维总量占麦麸培养基粗纤维总量的45.09％～48.00％,米根霉菌丝含量对固态发酵过程中基质的粗纤...     

Eremothecium ashbyii T_(30)过量合成核黄素发酵工艺条件研究

以本室筛得的核黄素高产突变株E ashbyiiT30 为出发株 ,探讨了发酵工艺条件对核黄素产量的影响。结果表明 :不同氮源、碳源、发酵用水、培养基灭菌方式及种子液质量都对核黄素产量有较大的影响 ,而且在发酵过程中 ,发酵 2 4h时添加 2 5μmol/L的碘乙酸或发酵 4 0h时补加约 2 0g/L的葡萄糖或发酵 4 8h时补加约 17% (v/v)的新鲜培养基 (无油 )同对照组相比 ,分别增产 2 7 1% ,2 4 3%和 2 0 9%。     

蛋白饲料固态发酵设备的特点及应用现状

文章对目前主要固态发酵设备的开发现状进行了综述,简要介绍了各发酵反应器的工艺特点和应用领域,以期为开发研制新型固态发酵反应器及合理利用固态发酵设备提供参考。     

米曲霉固态发酵青稞酒糟的研究

[目的]试验用米曲霉对青稞酒糟进行固态发酵,以提高青稞酒糟的营养价值.[方法]通过正交实验对固态发酵培养基进行优化,并对米曲霉固体发酵青稞酒糟时酶活和营养成分的变化进行研究.[结果]青稞酒糟的最优培养基组合为玉米粉5％、麸皮2.5％、豆粕5％和无机盐4％,其中无机盐对青稞酒糟纤维素降解的影响最大.米曲霉固体发酵青稞酒糟...     

饲料发酵工艺对益生菌增殖及大肠杆菌数量变化的影响

以植物乳杆菌和大肠杆菌E.colik88为指示菌株,研究了饲料的液态转固态发酵与固态发酵两种工艺在20℃与30℃两种温度下的pH值变化及菌数的动态变化。结果表明:①30℃温度下,物料的酸度变化(pH值)比20℃温度时下降的速度快、幅度大;②在固态发酵过程中,液态转固态发酵的起始pH值低于固态发酵(P<0.05),但液态转固态发酵和固态发酵在发酵过程中pH值差异不显著(P>0.05);③在30℃的发酵温度下,乳酸细菌数呈先增值后下降趋势,但液态转固态发酵与固态发酵之间差异不显著(P>0.05);④在液态转固态发酵工艺下,大肠杆菌E.colik88菌数呈直线下降趋势,而在固态发酵工艺下,大肠杆菌E.colik88菌数呈先升后降,证实液态转固态工艺对原料中大肠杆菌直接产生抑菌作用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.