网箱养鲤中的鱼病及其防治

随着产量提高，放养鱼种数量增加。网箱养鲤中的鱼病越来越多，并引起大最死亡的鱼病、虫引绦虫接威协着生产的发展。其中主要的鱼病大概有以下几种！细菌性鱼病有烂鳃病、肠炎病、帝疮病、竖鳞病、水霉等．寄生虫引起的斜管虫病、车轮虫病，指环虫病、绦虫病、孢子虫病等。现分别加以叙述。     

网箱养鲤鱼病综合防治技术

作者根据1998－1999年在绥中县龙屯水库进行网箱养鲤鱼病防治技术研究结果，介绍了网箱养鲤鱼种入箱前后的处理方法及在养殖期间的鱼病防治措施。同时，对网箱养鲤的主要疾病（鲤春病毒病、细菌性烂鳃病、鲤白云病、水霉病、单极虫病、三代虫病等）的原因、症状、流行情况及防治方法作了概述。     

网箱养鱼疾病防治新论

<正>网箱养鱼在世界上已有100多年的历史,在中国也有近40年的历史。网箱养鱼具有很多优点,但因网箱设置在流水水体中,鱼病防治难度很大。至今,网箱养鱼暴发鱼病,大量死鱼的事故仍经常发生。2001年4-6月,集安渭源水库网箱养殖区,德国镜鲤春片鱼种,因暴发白云病、竖鳞病和车轮虫病,死亡2.8万kg,损失28万元。2002年7月,水峰水库暴发指环虫病,治疗不及时,最后并发细菌性败血症,死鱼50万kg,损失500万元。水峰水库网箱养殖区,已有近10个养殖户因连年鱼病困扰,而被迫停产。以上事例表明,病害不仅造成经济损失,而且还给养殖者造成     

海水鱼类网箱养殖病害防治实用技术

上川岛是广东省海水网箱养殖的一个重镇,由于网箱养殖所在的渔港水质污染逐年加重,而大多教养殖户鱼病防治知识不足,意识比较淡薄,近两年来鱼病流行加剧,尤其是1999年3－6月份,一向很少发病的红鳍奋鲷、花尾胡椒鲷、斜带领鲷等养殖鱼类,也深受病害的困扰,出现减收欠收,损失很大。笔者经过两年多来对上川岛海水网箱养殖鱼病的调查研究,发现了弧菌病等十多个病种,其中以弧菌病、车轮虫病、指环虫病的危害最大,死亡率均在80％以上。对于这些鱼病,笔者摸索出了一套比较有效而实用的方法,观介绍如下：一、由细菌引起的疾病1．弧菌…     

小浪底水库网箱养鱼指环虫病调查报告

对2004和2005年小浪底水库10数个网箱养殖区域指环虫病大规模流行情况进行了调查。共跟踪调查鱼病30余例,其中现场调查10余例,诊断养殖户病鱼20余例。对网箱指环虫病预防、治疗过程中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了有效解决办法。     

网箱养鱼鱼病防治方法

随着养鱼网箱密度的增加，鱼群的密集鱼病也接踵而来。已发现网箱养鱼鱼病有水霉病、白皮病、赤皮鱼、烂鳃病、肠炎病、锚头鳋病、白头白咀病、孤菌病和气泡病等十多种。网箱养鱼一旦感染寄生虫和疾病，会迅速蔓延，往往造成网箱里鱼群大批死亡。     

圆口铜鱼船体网箱养殖过程中鱼病防治要点

根据圆口铜鱼（ Coreius guichenoti）船体网箱饲养经验,总结了养殖过程中多种鱼病（小瓜虫、疖疮病、车轮虫、三代虫、指环虫、水霉病、肝胆综合征、应激性出血病、头槽绦虫病、赤皮病、腐皮病、斜管虫、钟形虫和锚头鳋等）的发病特征和防治技术。     

网箱养殖南方大口鲶指环虫病的治疗试验

南方大口鲶又名大口鲶、乌江鲶鱼(以下简称大口鲶),各地均有养殖,尤其网箱养殖南方大口鲶在各地已十分普遍,鱼病防治已成为日常管理的重要内容。指环虫作为常见的寄生虫种类之一,在传统养鱼中并不难治疗,但网箱养殖的大口鲶指环虫病由于选择的药物品种和用     

网箱养殖建鲤的主要疾病及防治技术

网箱养鱼是一种独特的养殖方式，鱼病极易发生和蔓延，所造成的危害也极为严重。本文对网箱养殖建鲤所遇到的几种危害较大的鱼病作了描述，特别对暴发性流行病、竖磷病、烂鳃病、痘疮病和白云病的防治技术作了重点的介绍。     

网箱养鱼春季应防细菌性白云病

网箱养鱼春季应防细菌性白云病初春由于气温水温较低。人们容易忽视对鱼病的预防，从而造成鱼病流行，引起重大损失。幸福水库网箱养鱼场，１９９５年３月中旬发现网箱中的鲤鱼种和成鱼都有不同程度的体表部分区域出现白色斑点，饲养人员自认为是痘疮病而未引起重视。三月...     

调水调沙的小浪底水库中大规格鲢鳙网箱生态养殖

小浪底水库每年需进行调水调沙,水库水位剧降,最高落差可达50m,最大流量达4 000m~3/s以上,严重破坏水库水生动植物资源和渔业生态环境,影响小浪底水库网箱养鱼等。2013年以前,小浪底水库通常以6m×6m×2.5m和15m×8m×2.5m网箱养殖鲤和草鱼。本文针对小浪底水库调水调沙的特点,研究一种新型、环保、生态、高效、优质的网箱生态养殖大规格鲢鳙模式,2014年11月-2015年6月进行试验。试验网箱6m×6m×4m,箱间距5m,箱行距30m,每箱投放体质量800~1 000g/尾的鲢鳙鱼种150尾左右,养殖240~260d,出箱规格达到1 500~2 500g/尾,成活率91.5%,箱产值3 500~4 500元,净利润1 862元。养殖过程中不投喂。     

网箱鲤鱼单极虫防治技术的研究

近年来我省网箱鲤鱼单极虫病比较严重,影响水库网箱养殖业的发展,因此及时提出防治措施是当务之急。防治措施一是把住放养关,严禁病鱼入箱;二是采用各种药物内服、外用进行治疗。经查明,黄壁庄水库网箱鲤鱼单极虫流行病与水库水温有密切关系,与水库水质无关。     

贵阳市百花湖网箱渔场突发性死鱼事故分析

１９９３年５月８日，贵阳市百花渔场１０６０平方米网箱内的鲤鱼和草鱼（鱼种），在短短的两个小时内死亡１９３１８．５公斤，死亡率高达８２．６３％，经组织多方面的力量调查分析，确认为工三排污积蓄物，在暴雨的冲刷下形成碱性水团，又经风力，污染水侵袭网箱区的结果。     

盐碱地池塘配置网箱养鱼试验

在盐碱地一个面积为2871m^2的鱼池中，配置4个网箱．分别放养罗非鱼、淡水白鲳和鲤，箱外放养鲢、草鱼和鲤。试验结果：罗非鱼箱(20m^2)出鱼525kg．平均单产26．3kg／m^2,淡水白鲳箱(12m^2)出鱼400kg,平均单产33.3kg／m^2,鲤鱼箱两个(各12m^2)分别出鱼488．5kg和522kg，平均单产为40．7kg／m^2和43．5kg／m^2。箱外出鲢516kg,草鱼130kg，鲤1125kg。总计全池出鱼3706．5kg，亩产鱼862kg，每亩纯盈利2173．85元。试验证明：池塘配置网箱养鱼．可同池主养几种鱼，起捕容易，管理方便。     

水库灌溉渠道微流水养鱼试验

进行了灌溉渠道微流水养鱼试验，１９９２年共产鲁、罗非鱼、淡水鲳成鱼７４９３ｋｇ，折合亩产９６５８ｋｇ，总收入６０４５９元，纯利１７４１９元。这种方式比网箱养鱼更安全、更易管理。     

鲤鱼鳃组织结构及鳃对重金属离子的耐受性

采用不同浓度的重金属对鲤鱼进行不同时间的中毒试验，构成了鳃组织的耐量试验。试验表明，当超过鳃的耐受量时，鳃发生了不同阶段的病变。在低浓度短时间作用下，鳃组织分泌的粘液增多。随着浓度的增加和时间的延长，鳃组织出现鳃血管扩充、充血，呼吸上皮肿胀，鳃小片呈棍棒状，相邻几条鳃丝发生融合，形成一片细胞板。有些鳃细胞脱离。病状严重时造成鳃小片坏死、解体导致鳃功能的损害和破坏。     

Fisheries and cage culture of three reservoirs in west Java, Indonesia; a case study of ambitious development and resulting interactions

Abstract The interactions between cage culture and wild fishery activities in three Indonesian reservoirs, Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur, of the greater Ciratum watershed, West Java, were evaluated using historical data and interviews with cage culture operators. In all three reservoirs, cage culture of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and later of common carp and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), were encouraged as an alternative livelihood for persons displaced by the impoundment. Currently, a two‐net culture system, locally known as ‘lapis dua’, in which in the inner cage (7 × 7 × 3 m) is used for common carp culture and the outer cage (7 × 7 × 5/7 m) is stocked with Nile tilapia, is practised. On average each cage is stocked with approximately 100 kg fingerlings each of common carp and Nile tilapia. The numbers of cages and production of cultured fish has increased in the reservoirs, but total and per cage production began to decline from about 1995 in Saguling from 2200 kg cage^?1 in 1989 to <500 kg cage^?1 in 2002, and in Cirata from a peak of approximately 2300 kg cage^?1 in 1995 to approximately 400 kg cage^?1 in 2002. In Jatiluhur, which has a considerably lower cage density, total fish production and production per cage has increased since 2000, and currently is approximately 4000 kg cage^?1, close to production in the early years of cage culture activities. The cage culture operations also resulted in substantial nutrient loading, estimated at 3.2, 15.2 and 3.1 t of nitrogen and 134, 636 and 128 kg of phosphorous per year in the maximum years of production for Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur reservoirs, respectively. In later years, when cage culture production was high, fish kills occurred in the cages, and in Jatiluhur reservoir coincided with a dramatic decline in wild fishery catches. An attempt is made to determine the maximum number of cages for each of the reservoirs that will bring long‐term sustainability of cage culture operations and the wild fisheries in the three reservoirs.     

金丝桃素、绿原酸和硬葡聚糖对草鱼幼鱼生长及免疫功能的影响

在水温（25±2）℃下,分别在基础饲料中添加不同剂量的硬葡聚糖（0．2％,G1组;0．4％,G2组）绿原酸（0．04％,G3组;0．08％,G4组）和金丝桃素（0．066％,G5组;0．132％,G6组）,连续投喂放在1．0m×0．5m×1．0m网箱内、体质量110±5g的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon ide...     

复合氨基酸微量元素螯合物饲料添加剂的研究

本文报道了复合氨基酸微量元素螯合物（简称螯合盐）的制备过程与方法，以及在网箱养鲤中与无机盐添加剂的对比试验结果。研究表明，此法制备的复合氨基酸微量元素螯合物方法简单，产品中氨基酸种类齐全，在本实验条件下微量元素与复合氨基酸螯合效果好。用该产品与无机盐对比养鲤试验表明，添加螯合盐的三个试验组分别比添加无机盐的对照组多增重６８．１％，４６．９％，３７．１％。饲料系数下降率分别为４１．７％，３３．３％，２９．２％。ｔ检验表明，三个试验组与对照组差异显著。     

Whole body net ion fluxes, plasma electrolyte concentrations and haematology during a Loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Loma salmonae infections of salmonids culminate in the development of branchial xenomas and subsequent focal hyperplasia of the lamellar or filament epithelium following xenoma rupture and spore release. The effects of this acute branchial disruption upon net ionic flux rates and plasma electrolyte concentrations were determined in juvenile rainbow trout given an experimental oral exposure to L. salmonae. Mean numbers of branchial xenomas peaked at week 5 post-exposure (PE), which coincided with a reduction in the specific growth rate, although there were no significant differences in mass, length or condition of Loma-exposed fish compared with unexposed controls. Following exposure, negative net whole body Na(+) and K(+) fluxes decreased, whereas net Cl(-) fluxes remained unchanged compared with non-exposed control fish. At week 3 PE during the initial branchial xenoma formation stage, there was a significant negative whole body net K(+) flux in Loma-exposed trout compared with other points during the exposure and subsequent infection. Additionally, Loma-exposed fish had marginally elevated plasma Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations, whilst K(+) levels remained unchanged, compared with control fish. Although there was a progressive decrease in leucocrit, haematocrit remained unchanged over the course of the Loma exposure and subsequent infection. These results suggest that ionic compensation can occur at the gills during the development of xenomas during exposure to L. salmonae and the resultant infection, therefore allowing defence of plasma electrolyte concentrations, unlike the acute ionic disturbances seen with some other parasitic diseases.