酸化沸石对尿素氮淋失和玉米籽粒氮素利用的影响

在尿素减量施用条件下,探究添加酸化沸石(SF)对氮素淋失及籽粒氮肥利用率的影响。通过等温吸附试验,结合土柱淋溶和玉米盆栽试验,研究酸化沸石对NH_4⁺—N和NO_3^-—N的吸附性能,以及不同施氮梯度下,酸化沸石对氮素淋失和氮肥利用率的影响,试验分别设置农民习惯施肥(CN)、氮肥减量15%(CN1)、氮肥减量30%(CN2)3个施氮梯度并分别添加土重0.2%的酸化沸石(CN+SF、CN1+SF、CN2+SF)。结果表明,酸化沸石对NH_4⁺—N和NO_3^-—N的最大吸附量分别为25.44,31.59 mg/g,吸附过程可用Langmuir模型较好拟合。在减氮15%和30%时,添加酸化沸石,使NH_4⁺—N累计淋失量较CN1、CN2分别降低7.10%,8.76%。在减氮30%时,酸化沸石可有效降低NO_3^-—N累计淋失量,较CN2处理减少15.90%。酸化沸石可有效提高土壤氮素含量和玉米籽粒氮肥利用率,添加酸化沸石(CN+SF、CN1+SF、CN2+SF)较单施尿素(CN、CN1、CN2)籽粒氮肥利用率分别提高10.37%,20.79%,47.14%。综上,酸化沸石在减施尿素条件下可有效降低土壤氮素淋失,提高玉米籽粒氮肥利用率,具有一定的农艺价值。     

Photodegradation of metolachlor applying UV and UV/H2O2

Metolachlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world for controlling weeds. It has been detected in both ground and surface waters in the United States, and there are rising concerns in regard to its health risks and in developing effective treatment processes for its removal from water. Degradation of metolachlor via ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and an UV/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process (AOP) was studied. The quantum yield of metolachlor at 254 nm was found to be 0.302 +/- 0.001 mol E-1 through direct UV photolysis in the range of pH 6-8. The second-order rate constant of the reaction between metolachlor and hydroxyl radical was determined to be 9.07 (+/-0.21) x 10(9) M-1 s-1 by using a competition kinetics model that utilized nitrobenzene as a reference compound. In addition, these parameters were successfully applied in modeling the kinetics of elimination of metolachlor using an UV/H2O2 process in both laboratory and natural waters. The formation of several photolysis byproducts was identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and a scheme for the metolachlor photodegradation pathway is proposed.     

Effects of combined and sequential addition of dual oxidants (H2O2/S2O8(2-)) on the aqueous carbofuran photodegradation

Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) (CBF) is a widely used insecticide. Traditional methods like hydrolysis and direct photolysis cannot remove CBF effectively. In this study, the photodecay of 0.1 mM CBF in UV/H2O2, UV/S2O8(2-), and UV/H2O2/S2O8(2-) and sequential addition of a second oxidant were studied under UV light at 254 nm. The degradations of CBF follow pseudo-first-order decay kinetics. Direct photolysis was slow, but the corresponding degradation rate was increased with the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or potassium peroxydisulfate (K2S2O8). In the UV/H2O2 reaction, the optimum reaction rate was 0.9841 min-1 at 10 mM H2O2 (pH 7); however, retardation is observed if H2O2 is overdosed. Such retardation is not observed in the UV/S2O8(2-) system, but a nonlinear increment of removal efficiency is identified. The UV/H2O2/S2O8(2-) process on the other hand shows the best performance in CBF degradation, but it has a less effective mineralization than that of the sole UV/S2O8(2-) reaction.     

工厂化循环水养殖中臭氧/紫外线反应系统的水处理性能

为增强臭氧在水产应用的安全性,满足工厂化循环水养殖对有机物去除和水体消毒的需要,该文开发O3/UV反应系统。通过试验方法研究该系统臭氧投加溶解区适宜的臭氧投加流量和处理量的关系、紫外辐射剂量配比等工艺参数,及对水质净化效果和水体消毒灭菌效果的影响等。试验结果表明:1)在满足所需水中溶解臭氧浓度的条件下,采用较低臭氧进气流量和较高进水流量有利于提高系统的臭氧溶解率和利用率。该系统在水流量为5 m3/h,臭氧投加量为(8.78±0.60)g/h时可得到水中臭氧溶解质量浓度为1.53 mg/L的臭氧水,臭氧溶解率为82.7%,臭氧利用率为97.7%。2)增加紫外灯的功率和数量均可提高对臭氧的去除率,但增加紫外灯的数量对其性能提升效果更明显。该系统在紫外剂量为1 996 MJ/cm2,对残留臭氧的去除率为83.82%。3)该系统对紫外消光度、总有机碳、水色等指标的去除率相比单独使用臭氧分别提升109.95%、89.77%和51.44%,杀菌率可达97%以上,实现工厂化循环水养殖低臭氧残留条件下的有机物有效去除和消毒杀菌。     

Retention of cobalt by an oxisol in relation to the content of iron and manganese oxides

Abstract

The study aims at determining the cobalt retention properties of various soil components. Therefore, cobalt (Co) sorptions and extractions were carried out using an Oxisol sample before (untreated) and after successive removal of organic matter and active manganese (Mn) oxides (H₂O₂‐treated) and iron (Fe) oxides (H₂O₂+CBD‐treated). A synthetic goethite was included for comparison. Sorption of the four sorbents was determined over a range of Co concentrations (initially 10^‐8 M to 10^‐4 M), pH values (3 to 8) and reaction times (2 hours to 504 hours). The Co species sorbed was Co(ll), since oxygen exclusion during sorption had no effect on the amount sorbed. The pH‐dependent sorption curve (sorption edge) was shifted to lower pH at decreasing initial Co concentration and increasing reaction time. The displacements, in particular of the sorption edges corresponding to the lowest initial Co concentrations, to successively higher pH following removal of Mn oxides, organic matter and Fe oxides could be attributed to sorption onto sites of decreasing Co affinity [Mn oxides (and organic matter) > Fe oxides > kaolinite]. Extractions of sorbed Co at pH 5.5–7.5 with 2 M HCI showed that the extractability decreased with increasing sorption time and decreasing initial Co concentration. The untreated and H₂O₂‐treated soil samples retained sorbed Co at least as firmly as the synthetic goethite, whereas the H₂O₂+CBD‐treated sample (kaolinite) was clearly less effective. The results emphasized the importance of the soil Mn and Fe oxides for Co retention in soils but also the necessity of taken interior sorption sites into consideration.     

不同改性方法对沸石吸附对硝基苯酚能力的影响

利用酸改性、热活化、有机改性及联合改性等方法对沸石进行改性,制备了不同种类的改性沸石。通过紫外分光光度法对这些改性沸石吸附对硝基苯酚的能力进行检测,并用扫描电镜及X射线衍射对改性沸石的结构进行表征,着重比较改性过程中酸改性和灼烧改性实施顺序不同对沸石吸附能力的影响。结果表明,与500℃灼烧相比,900℃灼烧对沸石吸附能力的提高更为明显,但对沸石的结构有所破坏。酸改性可以去除沸石所携带的大量杂质,使孔道的连通性更好,从而使酸改性沸石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力比灼烧改性沸石高。未经酸洗涤的沸石中所含杂质可能会在灼烧过程中对沸石的结构产生影响,先采用酸改性再结合热活化的方式对沸石进行改性比较合适。酸改性＋热活化（500℃）后再与有机改性结合,可以使改性沸石对对硝基苯酚吸附量大大增加。不同改性沸石的吸附能力依次为：有机改性沸石〉酸热联合改性沸石〉酸改性沸石〉灼烧（500℃）改性沸石〉天然沸石。     

The influence of compost and zeolite co‐addition on the nutrients status and plant growth in intensively cultivated Mediterranean soils

The main objective of the study was to test the benefits of compost and zeolite co‐addition on the fertility of organic‐rich Mediterranean soils. Previous pot study in greenhouse found that zeolites mixed with compost significantly improved potassium availability as well as exchangeable potassium capacity in the soils. To further test this finding, a field experiment was conducted using potato – Solanum tuberosum L., desiree cultivar in peat soils of the Hula Valley, Israel. Adhering to the protocol of the greenhouse experiments, the treatments included 5% compost addition with no zeolites, 2% zeolite addition without compost, co‐addition of 5% compost mixed with 2% zeolites and control. We found that compost addition increased significantly the potatoes yield and the number of large tubers; however, the zeolite addition had no impact on yield. Co‐addition of compost and zeolites did not improve total crop yield or number of large tubers compared with compost addition only. The results are consistent with nutrients availability (N, P, K) across the treatments. In a commercialized field using the experiment conditions, the 2% zeolite addition would amount to 18 ton of zeolites per hectare. Hence, we conclude that soil amendment with the tested zeolite might be beneficial to improve soil retention for cationic nutrients (e.g. K⁺) under high leaching systems such as plant culture in pots, but in the field with high loads of compost, its effect is minor.     

Effects of Crystal Modification on the Binding of Trace Metals and Arsenate by Goethite (7 pp)

-  Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Ulrich Förstner on his 65th birthdayGoal, Scope and Background   Goethite (α-FeOOH) as the most frequently occurring iron oxide in the environment plays a significant role in the binding of inorganic pollutants. Accordingly, synthetic goethite is used for the purification of contaminated water. Goethite crystals can be prepared in different shape as porous and non-porous forms. The mineral can also be modified by partial substitution of structural Fe+3 for different foreign elements. The biggest possible substituent known so far is Cd+2 which causes a strong expansion of the unit-cell parameters. An incorporation of Pb+4 generates a permanent positive charge. Goethites with these morphological and structural modifications were selected for sorption experiments with Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and arsenate. It was intended to demonstrate the potential of mineral modification for improving sorption properties.Methods   Batch sorption studies were carried out combining each mineral with a single element at different pH and reaction times. Cations were investigated at a single initial concentration only while arsenate was tested over a range of concentrations in order to establish sorption isotherms. The sorption step was followed by an extraction step to characterize time dependent immobilization reactions.Results and Discussion   A time dependent increase of trace metal and arsenate sorption is attributed to a migration of ions into pores of star-shaped goethite and to a binding by specific sorption sites at the surface. The migration into pores is related to the size of adsorbing cations. The almost identical sorption behaviour of Ni2+ and Co2+ on pure goethite is contrasted by a strong preference of Co over Ni on Cd-goethite. Expansion of the unit-cell dimensions in Cd+2 substituted goethite generates highly specific binding sites at the surface. These are accessible to Co and Zn only. A permanent positive charge in Pb+4 substituted goethite reduces the binding of cations and doubles the sorption capacity for arsenate. Pb-goethite also contains a limited portion of highly specific sites which can only be accessed by Zn2+. Immobilization takes place even after a short contact time of 16 hours. This process results in a growing fraction of non-extractable metals and arsenate with reaction time.Conclusions   Pores and foreign elements in the goethite structure greatly affect the reactivity of the mineral and the ability to immobilize inorganic pollutants. A possible mechanisms for the preferred sorption of Co and Zn by Cd-goethite is seen in the ability of these metal ions to adopt a smaller size: Co by oxidation of Co2+ to Co3+ and Zn by tetrahedral coordination of Zn2+. This kind of binding can be viewed as structural incorporation. The binding properties of modified goethites can well be characterized by sorption tests including an array of elements with different ionic size and charge.Recommendation and Outlook   There is considerable potential for designing goethite modifications with improved surface reactivity for specific purposes such as water purification and possibly catalysis of reactions.     

改性沸石对Zn2+的吸附特性研究

通过间歇震荡平衡法研究了天然沸石及3种改性沸石对Zn2+的吸附特性。研究结果表明,沸石、改性沸石对Zn2+的等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程、Temkin方程,其中Freundlich方程的拟合性最好,相关系数在0.988～0.999之间。沸石及改性沸石对Zn2+吸附量大小顺序依次为铵改性沸石>钾改性沸石>镁改性沸石>天然沸石。该规律与改性阳离子价数、离子水合半径密切相关。     

用~(15)N同位素稀释法研究沸石对氮肥利用率的影响

通过15N示踪研究不同沸石水平处理对玉米氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明 :( 1 )沸石和肥料混合使用促进了玉米的生长 ,第一茬玉米氮肥利用率以 0 7g kg土沸石用量为最高 ,其次是 1g kg土 ;( 2 )第二茬玉米的氮肥利用率则是以 0 1 %的沸石用量最高 ,其次是 0 1 3 %的沸石用量水平 ,与对照相比 ,沸石处理使两茬玉米的氮肥利用率分别提高了 2 3 2 %～ 3 3 1 % ;( 3 )沸石处理可以显著降低土壤中氮肥的损失 ,与对照相比 ,降低率达 2 5 9%～3 0 6% ,但对土壤中氮肥的残留量没有影响     

Effect of Cobalt-Doped Framework on Formation of Todorokite from Layered Manganese Oxides with Mg~(2+)/Co~(2+) Ions as Template

Cobalt(Co)exists in significant quantities in naturally occurring manganese(Mn)oxides and alters the growth of Mn oxide crystals.Four-layered Mn oxides,Na-buserite(Na-bus)and three Co-doped Na-buserite samples prepared from oxidation of Mn(OH)2 with 5%,10%,and 20% Co/(Mn+Co)molar ratios(5Co-Na-bus,10Co-Na-bus,and 20Co-Na-bus),were used to prepare todorokite,a common Mn oxide on the Earth's surface,using Mg2+/Co2+ ions as a template.The results showed that todorokites could be obtained by reflux treatment of...     

Synergistic Degradation of Eosin Y by Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis in UV Irradiated Solution Containing Hybrid BiOCl/TiO2 Particles

The present work focused on treatment of eosin (EO) by photocatalysis (PC) combined with electrocatalysis (EC) process. Bismuth oxychloride/titanium dioxide (BiOCl/TiO₂) hybrid particles, which were used as new heterogeneous photocatalysts, were exploited in a reverse microemulsion approach and were characterized by XRD, UV?CVis diffuse spectra, BET, and SEM technologies. All degradation experiments were performed using a self-assemble experimental setup, in which PC and EC could be carried out simultaneously or individually. The results indicated that BiOCl/TiO₂ showed enhanced photocatalytic performance under UV irradiation, and 50% BiOCl/TiO₂ exhibited the best photoactivity due to its high degree of crystallization, the mesoporous structure and corresponding large special surface area, improved absorption ability in UV region, and the heterojunction formed between two coupling particles. The combined degradation process displayed synergistic effect on the degradation of EO owing to the generation of H₂O₂ at graphite cathode. The parameters such as, pH, reaction current, and initial concentration of EO were monitored in order to optimize the operating conditions. Pseudo-first-order kinetics was proposed and roughly fitted the combined degradation of EO. The combined system in this work suggested a new research idea for the degradation of dye wastewater.     

Effects of Zeolite on Soil Nutrients and Growth of Barley Following Irrigation with Saline Water

ABSTRACT

Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor limiting crop production but an amendment with synthetic zeolite may mitigate effects of salinity stress on plants. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of zeolite on soil properties and growth of barley irrigated with diluted seawater. Barley was raised on a sand dune soil treated with calcium type zeolite at the rate of 1 and 5% and irrigated every alternate day with seawater diluted to electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 3 and 16 dS m^?1. Irrigation with 16 dS m^?1 saline water significantly suppressed plant height by 25%, leaf area by 44% and dry weight by 60%. However, a substantial increase in plant biomass of salt stressed barley was observed in zeolite-amended treatments. The application of zeolite also enhanced water and salt holding capacity of soil. Post-harvest soil analysis showed high concentrations of calcium (Ca^{2 +}), magnesium (Mg^{2 +}), sodium (Na⁺), and potassium (K⁺) due to saline water especially in the upper soil layer but concentrations were lower in soils treated with zeolite. Zeolite application at 5% increased Ca^{2 +} concentration in salt stressed plants; concentrations of trace elements were also increased by 19% for iron (Fe^{2 +}) and 10% for manganese (Mn^{2 +}). The overall results indicated that soil amendment with zeolite could effectively ameliorate salinity stress and improve nutrient balance in a sandy soil.     

PRB修复垃圾渗滤液污染地下水过程中NH4+ 的变化规律

实验模拟地下水修复,以被垃圾渗滤液污染地下水为研究对象,分别用沸石、无烟煤、陶粒、活性炭、炉渣、钢渣、粉煤灰、零价铁作为填充材料,设计6种可渗透反应墙（PRB）,分别为反应器1、2、3、4、5和6。分3个试验阶段对PRB技术修复污染地下水中NH4+ 变化规律进行实验模拟研究,分析了反应器NH4+ 变化原因并探讨了NH4+ 变化机理。实验结果表明：NH4+ 去除率普遍较低,含沸石反应器脱氮效果最好,也仅为49.8%,部分反应器甚至出现负值;水解酸化作用,产生一定量NH4+ 和有机酸,造成反应器出水pH值降低和填充材料NH4+ 相对去除率偏低。PRB技术治理渗滤液污染地下水具有一定可行性,但技术有待继续深入研究。     

铁碳复合材料催化内电解技术处理模拟农村铅污染水体效果

为考察基于新型铁炭复合填料的催化内电解技术处理模拟农村铅污染水体的特性,该文采用单因素试验设计和八因素三水平(考虑交互作用)正交试验设计,研究了初始pH值(1.0~8.0)、反应时间(10~90 min)和曝气量(0~12 L/h)对Pb~(2+)去除效果的影响。结果表明:初始pH值从1.0升高到8.0,铅(Pb~(2+))去除率先缓慢上升后急剧降低;反应时间从10 min提高到60 min,Pb~(2+)去除率稳步上升,继续延长至90 min,去除率趋于稳定;曝气量从0增大到12 L/h,Pb2+去除率先快速增加后缓慢降低;3个因素对Pb~(2+)去除效果的显著影响大小依次为:曝气量初始p H反应时间,最佳反应条件是:初始p H值3.0、反应时间60 min、曝气量6 L/h。按照一级动力学模型对反应阶段进行拟合,采用电子扫描显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察了反应前后铁炭填料表面形态和结构变化,并利用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分析了反应后溶液组分,推断得出催化内电解去除铅的机理是氧化还原和化学沉淀。当初始Pb~(2+)浓度为1.0 mg/L,在最佳试验条件下,处理后Pb~(2+)浓度降至0.037 mg/L,满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类水体限值要求。研究结果可为农村铅污染水体修复提供理论和设计依据。     

以Mg2+/Co2+为模板, 钴掺杂对层状锰氧化物向钙锰矿转化的影响

Cobalt(Co)exists in significant quantities in naturally occurring manganese(Mn)oxides and alters the growth of Mn oxide crystals.Four-layered Mn oxides,Na-buserite(Na-bus)and three Co-doped Na-buserite samples prepared from oxidation of Mn(OH)2 with 5%,10%,and 20% Co/(Mn+Co)molar ratios(5Co-Na-bus,10Co-Na-bus,and 20Co-Na-bus),were used to prepare todorokite,a common Mn oxide on the Earth’s surface,using Mg2+/Co2+ ions as a template.The results showed that todorokites could be obtained by reflux treatment of Mg2+-exchanged non-doped Na-buserite and three Co-doped Na-buserites at atmospheric pressure.However,the formation of todorokites was prohibited by reflux treatment of Co2+-exchanged Na-bus,5Co-Na-bus,and 10Co-Na-bus samples.Instead,todorokite was obtained by the reflux treatment of Co2+-exchanged 20Co-Na-bus samples under atmospheric pressure.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that doped Co existed as Co3+in the MnO6 layers of doped Na-buserites.The amount of substituted Co3+ in the MnO6 layers may play a key role in the conversion of buserite to todorokite using Co2+ ions as a template.     

不同Si/Al的氢型分子筛催化热解对生物油特性的影响

为考察对于氢型分子筛(HZSM-5)的Si/Al变化和添加量对生物质热解液化的影响,该文通过离子交换法制备HZSM-5催化剂,采用激光粒度分析仪、比表面积及孔径分析仪和X射线衍射仪对催化剂的粒度、孔隙及晶体结构等性质进行表征,并在最佳油产率温度下进行木屑的催化热解。对无催化剂和不同催化条件下得到的生物油进行气相色谱质谱联用分析,结果表明,分子筛作用下,生物油产率明显降低(最大降幅8%),含水率增加。同时,液体产物中醛类、酯类、酮类、呋喃等含氧化合物及酸含量均有所降低,提高了烃类和酚类的含量,峰面积百分比最高达到12.57%和39.36%,对催化剂催化调控改善生物油品质提供了一定的科学依据。     

沸石不同粒径组成对NH_4~+-N、H_2PO_4~--P和K~+吸附-解吸的影响

为了对沸石不同用途进行准确选材,实现其高效利用,研究了天然斜发沸石的6种粒径对NH_4~+-N、H_2PO_4~--P和K~+吸附、解吸的影响。结果表明:对沸石吸附和解吸3种离子,不同粒径间数值差异显著,表现规律也不同。NH_4~+-N的吸附量和解吸量分别相差4.31倍和4.93倍;K~+分别相差7.89倍和81.77倍。随粒径变小,沸石对NH_4~+-N和K~+的吸附与解吸量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,对H_2PO_4~--P的吸附量呈负值到较低正值的变化,解吸量为0。对3种离子的最大吸附量分别为8 354.62、74.33和2 722.25 mg/kg,最大解吸量分别为7 423.29、0和875.70 mg/kg。在NH_4~+-N和K~+的吸附方面,适宜选择粒径为40μm的天然沸石;而对H_2PO_4~--P,各粒径的天然沸石效果均不适宜,需要进行改性处理后应用。     

Mild photochemical synthesis of the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol via conversion of tyrosol

Hydroxytyrosol, a naturally occurred orthodiphenolic antioxidant molecule found in olive oil and olive mill wastewaters, was obtained from the wet hydrogen peroxide photocatalytic oxidation of its monophenolic precursor tyrosol. The liquid-phase oxidation of tyrosol to hydroxytyrosol was performed by use of an iron-containing heterogeneous catalyst (Al-Fe)PILC with the assistance of UV irradiation at 254 nm and at room temperature. The spectroscopic and HPLC data of the synthesized compound proved to coincide fully with those of a pure sample obtained by continuous countercurrent extraction. This reaction was found to be light-induced. The hydroxytyrosol synthesis reaction reached its maximum yield of 64.36% under the optimized operating conditions of 3.6 mM tyrosol, 0.5 g L(-1) catalyst, and 10(-2) M H2O2 with the assistance of UV light. Increasing the initial hydrogen peroxide concentration more than 10(-2) M has a diminishing return on the reaction efficiency. Catalyst can be recuperated by means of filtration and then reused in a next run after regeneration since its activity did not significantly decrease (<10%). The reaction synthesis is operationally simple and could find application for industrial purposes.     

Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds by 13X Zeolite Coated with nZnO in Presence of UV and Ozone at High Bed Temperature

Catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (BTE) on virgin zeolite, nZnO-coated zeolite, with and without UV?+?O₃, at 300 °C bed temperature was investigated using laboratory experiments. The coating was done at three weight ratios of Zn (estimated Zn content in nZnO) to zeolite (0.2:1.0, 0.5:10, 1.0:1.0). The coated adsorbents were examined by scanning electron microscopy, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller analyses. In the catalytic oxidation experiments, the adsorbents were first saturated with BTE by purging an air stream containing a mixture of BTE at 5 ppm each for 28 min. Introduction of UV?+?O₃ on the coated 13X zeolite (0.5:1.0) bed improved the average removal efficiency (RE) of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene (with inlet concentration of 5 ppm each) to 68.7, 90.0, and 99.6%, respectively, from the corresponding values of 57.3, 79.9, and 98.5% when no UV?+?O₃ was used. An increase in the coating weight ratio from 0.2:1.0 to 0.5:1.0 had produced a higher RE for benzene only, while a further increase to 1.0:1.0 witnessed a decrease in RE for all three compounds, and more for benzene. Avg RE of BTE decreased with the increase in their inlet concentrations, more significantly for an increase from 5 to 50 ppm and less noticeable for a further increase to 100 ppm. The final oxidation products and intermediate products in the outlet streams from the oxidation and thermal desorption were analyzed which showed predominant compositions of CO₂ followed by BTE and some levels of CO and other volatile organic compounds.