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水貂阿留申病是由水貂阿留申病毒引起的以浆细胞增多为主要特征的慢性、消耗性、病毒性传染病。主要侵害水貂的免疫系统,导致机体免疫系统紊乱引起的器官衰竭,病死率极高,严重损害了水貂养殖产业的经济利益,该病存在于绝大多数养殖水貂的国家和地区。目前,能有效预防该病的疫苗尚未研制成型,该病的防控已成为水貂养殖领域的世界性难题,在防控方面主要采取淘汰检疫阳性水貂的办法。论文主要针对目前该病在国内外检测方法的特点和流行情况进行阐述,以期为水貂阿留申病快速检测方法的建立及水貂阿留申病的有效防控提供参考。 相似文献
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水貂阿留申病(Aleutian mink disease, AMD)是由水貂阿留申病病毒(Aleutian mink disease virus, AMDV)引起的水貂的重要传染性疾病之一,深入开展对AMDV的研究对于该病的防控有重要意义。AMDV基因组全长约为4.8 kb,主要编码2种结构蛋白和3种非结构蛋白,它们在病毒复制、增殖及致病过程中发挥重要作用。AMDV的复制依赖于代谢活跃的细胞,对于幼貂,病毒感染肺泡Ⅱ型细胞会造成急性致死性肺炎,感染巨噬细胞则会引起成年水貂患高丙种球蛋白血症和免疫复合物介导的肾小球肾炎等慢性进行性疾病。笔者从AMDV侵入细胞的受体途径、诱导细胞凋亡途径及病毒复制等方面对其致病机理进行阐述。AMDV在全世界范围内广泛流行,现有的检测方法主要分为血清学诊断方法和分子生物学诊断方法。目前,尚未开发出安全有效的针对AMDV的商品化疫苗,随着生物学技术的快速发展,在灭活疫苗、DNA疫苗和亚单位疫苗的研制上有所进展;抗病毒的新方法,如筛选AMDV耐受貂,提高水貂免疫力和靶向适配体技术为AMD的防控提供了新思路。文章从AMDV编码蛋白功能、病毒细胞嗜性与复制、临床表现... 相似文献
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观察绿脓杆菌的G+B+C三个血清型制备的灭活疫苗大规模接种后的速发接种反应及保护性效果观察.用绿脓杆菌G+B+C三个血清型制备的疫苗以小鼠和水貂为实验室观察组,同时设定阴性对照,观察疫苗免疫后的速发接种反应;在养殖场,选择常年因绿脓杆菌引起的水貂出血性肺炎的养殖户,采用预防免疫和发病期紧急预防接种两种方式,并回访保护效果.在实验室对水貂和小鼠皮下接种疫苗,接种后7~21 d观察接种部位和解剖小鼠检查病理学变化,没有出现任何异常反应.从2012年和2013年共制备的5个批次14万头份的疫苗,在对临床推广应用的回访中,只有一个养殖户少量水貂出现接种部位化脓,经查是由于注射部位的肌肉吸收性降低而引起,对预防接种的10万头份中,接种后没有发生绿脓杆菌引起的出血性肺炎,在对4万头份的由于绿脓杆菌引起出血性肺炎的紧急接种中,在5~10 d达到控制本病的目的.结论:G+B+C三个血清型绿脓杆菌疫苗速发接种反应发生率低,预后良好,无论是预防接种还是发病后紧急接种,均具有较好的保护性. 相似文献
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Charlotte Mark Salomonsen Mariann Chriél Trine H. Jensen Lena Rangstrup-Christensen Niels H?iby Anne Sofie Hammer 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2013,77(3):221-225
Hemorrhagic pneumonia is an acute and fatal disease of farmed mink caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pathogenesis of this disease has not yet been resolved. Mink are the only animals known to be susceptible to acute, contagious, and fatal lung infections caused by P. aeruginosa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between dose-response and season of infection and to clarify whether Danish mink are carriers of P. aeruginosa on their nasal mucosa during the season for hemorrhagic pneumonia. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease, an infectious dose-response trial was carried out on adult mink and mink kits, both in the season for hemorrhagic pneumonia (November) as well as out of season (July). It proved difficult to infect mink via the intra-nasal route. Only 4 out of 60 infected mink developed clinical disease and were euthanized, all of them in November, illustrating that predisposing factors in the mink itself and not infectious dose might be crucial for disease development. We were able to culture P. aeruginosa from the nasal cavity of the clinically healthy experimental mink 8 d after inoculation. This indicated that the mink can carry P. aeruginosa on their nasal mucosa without developing the disease. It was not possible, however, to culture P. aeruginosa from the nasal cavity of clinically healthy mink obtained from farms in November, which indicates that the organism is not a normal part of the nasal mucosal flora of mink. 相似文献
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Fulminating pneumonia was produced in mink by the intratracheal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sequence of pulmonary lesions was focal inflammation, focal necrosis, and widespread inflammation and necrosis. Secondary lesions of peracute hemorrhage and necrosis were the result of bacterial spread via the airways. Invasion of vessel walls by P aeruginosa was a terminal event and was secondary to bacillary invasion and necrosis of adjacent tissues. Regional (lymphatic) and systemic spread of bacteria followed the development of pulmonary lesions, but there was little morphologic evidence of tissue damage in other organs. Immunofluorescence studies showed that P aeruginosa antigen was dispersed within pulmonary cells and was free in the lung parenchyma. Mink surviving beyond postinfection hour 60 had a macrophage infiltration into limited pulmonary lesions. A vaccine trial was conducted with P aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPS) used as antigen, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibody. Antibody was detected in mink after vaccination with LPS or natural exposure. Mink with antibody to LPS, from vaccination or naturally acquired, were resistant to experimental infection. 相似文献
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为了掌握山东地区水貂出血性肺炎流行情况,从2012年山东省内多个养貂社区进行水貂出血性肺炎流行病学调查。从病貂中分离获得48株绿脓杆菌,分别测定了分离株的生化特性、血清型以及部分菌株对小鼠与水貂的半数致死量(LD50),同时运用Eric-PCR方法对分离进行了进行分型。结果显示,48株分离菌株与标准菌株生化特性基本一致,血清型G型为36株,血清型Ⅰ型为7株,血清型C型为4株;48株分离株大多数对恩诺沙星最敏感;动物试验显示,48株分离株对小鼠与水貂均能致病,所选4株分离株对小鼠与水貂的LD50有差异,且水貂对所选菌株显著敏感于小鼠;分子分型分为13个基因型。结果表明,该地区水貂出血性肺炎病原呈现遗传多样性。本试验为水貂出血性肺炎的防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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猪流行性腹泻病毒检测方法研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了猪流行性腹泻病毒实验室检测方法的研究进展,在细胞生物学方面,主依靠病毒分离培养、病毒电镜形态检查、病毒特异性抗原及其抗体的检查等检测方法;在分子生物学方面,主依靠核酸杂交技术、RT—PCR法和实时荧光定量RT—PCR法等检测方法。介绍和比较了各种方法的优缺点和实用性,为临床兽医科技工作者提供参考。 相似文献
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禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒检测方法研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
禽网状内皮组织增生症(Reticuloendotheliosis,RE)是危害养禽业的一种重要病毒性肿瘤病。本文概述了禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)实验室检测方法的研究进展。在细胞生物学方面,主要依靠病毒分离培养、病毒电镜形态检查、病毒特异性抗原及其抗体的检查等。在分子生物学方面,主要依靠国内外相继建立起的PCR、荧光定量PCR、LAMP技术及斑点分子杂交等。介绍和比较了各种方法的优缺点和实用性,为临床兽医科技工作者建立快速、简便、准确、实用的检测方法提供参考。 相似文献