泥鳅鱼苗开口饵料及其投喂方式的初步研究

开口饵料种类及其投喂方式是影响泥鳅鱼苗生长发育的关键因素。试验选取了轮虫、蛋黄及单细胞藻类作为泥鳅幼鱼的开口饵料。通过不同组合实验结果得出初步结论:以轮虫为主要饵料并补充适当的蛋黄和小球藻,同时需要注意适合的充气条件和投喂方式,可以获得稳定的泥鳅苗种成活率和健康生长。     

鸭绿江斑鳜规模化人工繁殖技术研究

2008年6月～2009年6月在辽宁省凤城市大堡渔场进行了规模化斑鳜人工繁殖试验。通过采取亲鱼强化培育、严格筛选、改进产卵条件等方法,使平均催产率从75.0%提高至95.3%,平均受精率从50.0%提高至92.3%,组出苗尾数从4066尾提高至10056尾,畸形率从5%降至1%。产卵条件改进后的斑鳜人工繁殖方法即简便又高效。     

鸭绿江斑鳜人工繁育试验

本试验主要采用人工注射催产药物,获取受精卵、人工孵化等技术原理.在研究过程中重点解决了催产时间、催产药物的选择、饵料鱼的配套以及苗种培育过程中的病害防治等关键技术.     

辽宁本溪地区斑鳜繁殖技术

辽宁省观音阁水库位于本溪市境内,该水库坝下渔池从2006年～2010年先后利用五年时间,引进韩国科技人员从事斑鳜繁殖育苗工作,取得了初步成功,每年繁育斑鳜夏花50万尾,为市场提供了大量的斑鳜苗种,同时也为今后斑鳜人工繁育的进一步推广提供了宝贵经验。     

斑鳜人工繁殖技术研究

斑鳜(Simiperca Schezeri Steindachner) 隶属于鲈形目、鮨科、鳜鱼属,为名贵淡水经济鱼类.分布于长江以南各水系,其肉质细嫩,营养价值十分丰富、味道鲜美、蛋白质富含不饱和脂肪酸,具有清热、疗毒等药用价值,颇受国内外消费者欢迎.由于野生斑鳜的自然资源稀少,而且亲鱼的怀卵量不高,靠天然苗种完全不能满足市场的需求.为发展斑鳜这一优良品种,满足大面积推广养殖斑鳜所需苗种,我们于2007年进行了斑鳜人工繁殖技术试验,采用了人工催情、产卵、环道孵化、池塘培育等方法,催产斑鳜2批54组,孵化斑鳜水花14.5万尾,培育出2～3 cm的斑鳜苗种4.7万尾,现将斑鳜的人工繁殖试验总结如下.     

胭脂鱼仔鱼开口饵料的初步研究

以全人工繁殖的胭脂鱼仔鱼为试验鱼 ,随机分为蛋黄、轮虫、丰年虫三个饵料组。结果表明 :仔鱼体长增长差异显著 ,体长和体重的增长为轮虫组 >丰年虫组 >蛋黄组。可以认为 :用天然饵料轮虫作为胭脂鱼仔鱼开口饵料能够提高仔鱼成活率和生长速度。     

网箱养鳜经济投喂模式的初步研究

１９９３年在６只小体积网箱（２．４ｍ＾３）中利用大规格鳜鱼种（平均体重１８２ｇ）进行两种活饵料鱼投喂模式养殖商品鳜的对比试验。经过１２０天饲养，用常规投喂模式（过量投喂法）和试验投喂模式（饱食投喂法）养殖鳜的平均体重分别为５６０ｇ和５６８ｇ，饵料系数分别为５．６和３．９，成活率分别为８７％和１００％，用试验投喂模式养鳜，不仅生长速度与常规投喂模式没有显著性差异，而且饵料转化效率和鳜的成活率分别提高     

鸭绿江斑鳜水库网箱育苗试验

斑鳜(Simiperca Schezeri Steindachner)隶属于鲈形目、鮨科、鳜鱼属,辽东地区俗称花季子、鳌花,是一种名贵的淡水食用鱼. 斑鳜的人工养殖目前在丹东的渔业生产中是一大热点,鸭绿江斑鳜室内繁育已获得成功,为斑鳜人工养殖奠定了坚实的基础.但是工厂化育苗建育苗厂需要很高的费用,这在很大程度上限制了苗种的生产量,制约了斑鳜人工养殖向规模化发展的生产进程.     

投喂频率对龙虎斑幼鱼生长和饵料利用的影响

在室内车间采用4种不同的投喂频率养殖龙虎斑幼鱼（47．6±5．2 g）,分析和比较不同投喂频率对其生长和饵料利用的影响。试验设S1、S2、S3、S4共4组,分别按照1、2、3、4次/d进行投喂,共进行60 d。结果显示：（1）投喂频率显著影响龙虎斑幼鱼的生长（P＜0．05）。 S1的平均体质量显著低于S2、S3、S4（P＜0．05）,为149．7 g;S2、S3、S4组间差异不显著（P＞0．05）,S4最大（168．7 g）,其次为S3（168．0 g）和S2（162．2 g）;S1日增体质量、增重率、特定生长率显著小于S2、S3、S4（P＜0．05）,分别为1．68 g,204．83％,1．86％/d,S2、S3、S4组间差异不显著（P＞0．05）,S2特定生长率最大,为2．12％/d;S2的体质量回归方程斜率最大,为1．915,S1最小,为1．532。（2）投喂频率对龙虎斑幼鱼的饵料利用影响显著（P＜0．05）。 S2的摄食率和饵料系数显著小于S1、S3、S4（P＜0．05）,分别为1．31％/d、0．70;S4摄食率最大,为1．64％/d;S1、S3、S4组间饵料系数差异不显著（P＞0．05）,分别为0．88、0．84、0．88。因此,综合养殖效果和劳动强度考虑,S2的投喂频率最适合龙虎斑的养殖,建议在龙虎斑的养殖生产中,最适宜的投喂频率为2次/d。     

开口饵料自动投饵机

养殖鱼类的开口饵料目前已广泛采用人工饵料。通常的投饵机因开口饵料粒径小、流动性差，容易发生投饵机堵塞。日本新开发的这种自动投饵机据称不会发生此类问题。主要特征是：①投饵量可进行微量调整，对于摄食量小的稚鱼投喂，也不会产生投喂过量问题；②投饵机本体外部采用透明的氯乙烯材料，投饵状态及机内料斗的饵料量，一目了然；     

长江斑鳜的人工繁殖和苗种培育研究

长江斑鳜（Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner）的催产和受精卵孵化受天气、温度和水温影响较大。长江斑鳜的种质资源锐减,本研究有利于保护长江斑鳜的种质资源,人工繁殖采用人工催产、自然受精和人工孵化的方法。选择团头鲂幼苗为长江斑鳜幼苗的开口饵料,随后以鲤和团头鲂的夏花为主要饵料鱼,辅以从江河中捕获的野杂鱼夏花。在不同水温条件下,效应时间和受精率明显不同。当水温在（20±2）℃时,效应时间约为32h,受精率大于80%;水温低于18℃时,效应时间明显延长,受精率也较低;水温20～24℃     

网箱养殖的鸭绿江斑鳜生长特性及饲养模式

本文对网箱养殖的2、3龄鸭绿江斑鳜体长和体重进行了测量,并建立体长与体重的回归方程和体长、体重的生长速度方程及加速度方程.结果显示:(1)体长与体重的关系式为W=0.0254L2.9798(82=0.975);(2)网箱养殖斑鳜体长生长拐点为二龄11月份,体重生长拐点为三龄12月份,比体长拐点滞后一整年;(3)网箱养殖的斑鳜极限体重为850.55g,极限体长为33cm,明显小于碧流河水库野生斑鳜的渐近体长和体重.此外,实验结果显示2龄斑鳜网箱养殖的最佳放养密度为28ind/m3.     

斑鳜网箱配合饲料驯养及其活动与摄食行为的初步观察

本文对斑鳜配合饲料的制作工艺,驯饲方法、摄食行为及不同饲料对斑鳜生长影响做了详尽的阐释与分析。在网箱养殖中,对三种配合饵料蛋白源进行对照试验：Ⅰ冰鲜鱼糜、Ⅱ鱼粉、Ⅲ鱼粉＋植物蛋白,三种组合的饵料都制成软颗粒配合饲料进行投喂,对照箱Ⅳ投喂冰鲜杂鱼。52d投喂结果表明,饵料系数、生长速度等经济性状Ⅲ最好（P〈0．05）,斑鳜生长效果依次为Ⅲ〉Ⅱ〉Ⅳ〉Ⅰ,同时通过对斑鳜活动、摄食行为的观察,得出斑鳜摄食选择次序为：光度、形状、可得性、适口性。     

西江斑鳜的形态学特征研究

对西江斑鳜的外部形态、可数性状、比例性状和内部特征进行观察测定,初步分析南北斑鳜种群在形态上的差异.     

斑鳜的人工繁殖与苗种培育试验

2005-2006年,进行了斑鳜的人工繁殖和苗种培育试验.试验结果表明,催产斑鳜亲鱼18组,雌鱼平均体质量380 g.催产率83%;获受精卵10.85万粒,受精率75%;获水花6.62万尾,孵化率61%.水花于水泥池中养至平均全长2.0cm 苗种成活率72%;平均全长2.0 cm苗种养至平均全长5.0 cm苗种成活率88.5%,1334 m<'2>池塘放养平均全长2.0锄苗种6200尾,经93 d养殖,收获鱼种4371尾,平均全长12.66 cm.平均体质量32.39 g,养殖成活率70.5%.     

苯扎溴铵治疗斑鳜聚缩虫病试验

本文报道了网箱斑鳜聚缩虫病的主要症状、流行情况及用苯扎溴铵溶液(5%)室内外药浴治疗试验结果.结果表明:在水温11℃～20℃条件下,用苯扎溴铵溶液药浴15～30min,浓度在100～800mg/1均无效,1500mg/1以上可有效杀死聚缩虫.     

杂交鳜与鳜鱼、斑鳜肌肉营养成分和氨基酸含量比较

通过测定鳜鱼、斑鳜和杂交鳜的肌肉营养成分和18种氨基酸含量,结果表明：杂交鳜、斑鳜和鳜鱼的肌肉水分、脂肪、灰分的含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,杂交鳜与斑鳜的肌肉蛋白质含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,但均显著高于鳜鱼肌肉的蛋白质含量（P〈0．05）;鳜鱼、斑鳜和杂交鳜的18种氨基酸含量及其组成、18种氨基酸总量（TAA）、人体所需8种必须氨基酸总量（HEAA）及4种呈味氨基酸（天门冬氨孽、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸）的总量（FAA）均无显著差异（（P〉0．05）。     

Weaning Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) onto artificial diets based upon its specific sensory modality in feeding

Chinese perch are one of the most valuable food fish in China, but the sole source of feed for intensive culture is live prey fish. Our previous studies on systematic sensory physiology revealed that this species have a mechanism for this peculiar feeding habit. In the present study, a specific training procedure was designed, and both experimental (initial body weight 171.0 g; 120 days) and commercial (initial body weight 52.4 g; 240 days) net-cage cultures were conducted to investigate the training success, growth performance and survival of the trained yearlings fed with nonlive or Oregon-type moist diet. The training successes of minced prey fish and the Oregon moist diet were 100 and 89.9%, respectively, in experimental culture, and 92.2 and 83.5% in commercial culture. In an experimental trial, the fish fed minced prey fish or the Oregon moist diet attained final body weights of 472.7 g or 344.7 g, although the specific growth rates of these groups were significantly lower than that of the fish fed live prey fish (final body weight 560.0 g). Mortality was not significantly related to dietary treatment. In commercial culture, the final body weights were as follows: 750 g on live prey fish, 705 g on minced prey fish and 651 g on the Oregon moist diet. Feed costs to produce 1 kg fish were estimated to be US$6.59 for live prey fish, US$1.76 for minced prey fish and US$2.07 for the Oregon moist diet. The results of the present study confirmed that sensory modality and associative learning appear to be critical factors in determining food discrimination of Chinese perch, indicating that both minced trash fish and Oregon-type moist diet can be substituted for live prey fish in intensive commercial production.     

pH对大眼鳜和翘嘴鳜蛋白酶活性的影响

研究了不同pH值对大眼鳜消化道不同部位蛋白酶活性的影响及在最适pH条件下与翘嘴鳜消化道蛋白酶活力的差异。结果表明,大眼鳜消化道不同部位蛋白酶的活性强弱顺序为:幽门盲囊>胃>前肠>后肠,其最适pH分别是:10.4、2.8、9.5、10.1。翘嘴鳜的胃和幽门盲囊蛋白酶活力明显高于大眼鳜(P<0.01),而肠的蛋白酶活力略低,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Impact of environmental and innate factors on the food habit of Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) (Percichthyidae)

Laboratory and field investigations were conducted to study the food habit of Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) from first feeding through adult stage. Only fish larvae were consumed by Chinese perch larvae (2–21 days from hatching), and the presence of zooplankton did not have any significant effect on their survival rate. The ability of Chinese perch to feed on zooplankton is clearly limited by some innate factor. Instead of gill rakers, Chinese perch larvae have well‐developed sharp teeth at the first feeding stage, and are well adapted to the piscivorous feeding habit unique to the larvae of Chinese perch, e.g. they bite and ingest the tails of other fish larvae. At the first feeding stage (2 days from hatching), daily rations were both very low, either in light or complete darkness. Although early‐staged Chinese perch larvae (7–17 days from hatching) could feed in complete darkness, their daily rations were always significantly higher in light than in complete darkness. Late‐staged Chinese perch larvae (21 days from hatching) were able to feed in complete darkness as well as in light, similar to the case of Chinese perch yearlings. Chinese perch yearlings (total length, 14–16 cm) consumed prey fish only and refused shrimp when visual cues were available (in light), but they consumed both prey when visual cues were not available (in complete darkness), suggesting that prey consumption by Chinese perch yearlings is affected by their sensory modality in predation. Both prey were found in the stomachs of similar‐sized Chinese perch (total length, 14–32 cm) from their natural habitat, suggesting that shrimp are consumed by Chinese perch at night. Prey selection of Chinese perch with a length >38 cm, which consumed only fish in the field, appears to be based upon prey size instead of prey type. These results suggest that although environmental factors (e.g. light intensity) affect prey detection by Chinese perch, this fish is anatomically and behaviourally predisposed to prey on live fish from first feeding. This makes it a difficult fish to cultivate using conventional feeds.