加强原蚕区微粒子病防治 繁育优质蚕种

家蚕微粒子病是一种全身性感染的慢性蚕病,主要传染方式是食下感染和胚胎传染两种,对蚕桑产业具有毁灭性的危害。原蚕区家蚕微粒子病防治是繁育优品质蚕种,保障蚕业正常发展的关键。川渝地区科学的设定原蚕区微粒子病防治体系,有效降低了对蚕业的危害。     

原蚕区微粒子病发生原因及防治对策

家蚕微粒子病是由家蚕微孢子虫寄生家蚕引起的一种毁灭性的传染性蚕病,病原孢子可被蚕食下感染并能经卵胚种传染子代。由于微粒子孢子的广泛存在,又因原蚕基地是普种生产的“第一生产车间”,随着原蚕区的生产量和生产规模的日益扩大,所生产的蚕种带毒率也有逐渐上升的趋势,导致广大蚕农减收,也给种场造成了较大的经济损失。因此防治微粒子病工作的重点就是在原蚕区。本文将着重分析微粒子病发生的原因,总结出微粒子病的防治方法和对策。     

原蚕区家蚕微粒子病综合防治技术措施

家蚕微粒子病具有胚种传染,对蚕种生产的危害较大,是蚕种质量检验检疫的主要对象。原蚕区是我省一代杂交种繁育的第一车间。根据家蚕微粒子病流行规律并结合蚕种生产实践,简述了原蚕区综合防治家蚕微粒子病的技术措施。     

庭院式简易蚕棚的建造与应用

嘉兴市秀洲区是全省的重点蚕区,蚕桑生产历来是蚕农的经济重要来源之一.目前秀洲区拥有一批养蚕大户,每户饲养春蚕种达5～9张,全年饲养蚕种达13～20张.由于养蚕数量大,出现了养蚕房屋不足的问题,特别是缺少大蚕期的饲养场所.针对这个问题,笔者和蚕农一起,通过实地调查研究、自行设计,主要利用农户房前庭院内的水泥场地、围墙等建成一座可拆卸的庭院式简易蚕棚.通过使用,蚕农都认为该蚕棚不但成本低,适宜大蚕饲养,并能取得蚕茧高产优质,很实用.下面就把庭院式简易蚕棚的建造与应用介绍如下.     

浙北蚕区年桑螟大暴发原因分析

<正>2014年秋蚕期,浙北蚕区的嘉兴市、湖州市第4、5代桑螟大暴发,导致不少蚕农无叶养蚕,秋蚕生产损失严重,这是我们从事蚕桑技术推广工作30多年来所遇见最严重的桑螟虫灾。本文通过剖析嘉兴市秀洲区2014年秋蚕期桑螟大暴发原因,提出浙北蚕区防治桑螟的对策措施。1桑螟的形态特性与发生规律1.1桑螟的形态与特性桑螟(Diaphaniapyloalis Walker),别名桑绢野螟,     

浙北蚕区2014年桑螟大暴发原因分析

2014年秋蚕期,浙北蚕区的嘉兴市、湖州市第4、5代桑螟大暴发,导致不少蚕农无叶养蚕,秋蚕生产损失严重,这是我们从事蚕桑技术推广工作30多年来所遇见最严重的桑螟虫灾.本文通过剖析嘉兴市秀洲区2014年秋蚕期桑螟大暴发原因,提出浙北蚕区防治桑螟的对策措施.     

小蚕电器化共育方法

小蚕电器化共育是一项新型的小蚕共育技术，主要采用家蚕饲育温湿度自功控制系统，操作方便，安全节省环保，值得在重点蚕区大量推广使用。     

防止秋蚕农药中毒的对策措施

嘉兴市秀洲区是浙江省重点蚕区,也是典型的粮桑混栽区,近几年来,由于气候变暖、耕作制度变化大、昆虫产生抗药性等原因,晚稻田的纵卷叶螟和褐飞虱出现了大爆发.     

试论家蚕遗传病

在农村蚕桑生产实践中，许多蚕农将家蚕传染病误认为遗传病，甚至将广泛流行的“病毒病”说成是“胎里带来的”，其实这完全是一种误解。从生物学的角度看，家蚕和其它生物一样，与其生存的环境是一个有机的整体，蚕病的发生是遗传因素内因与环境因素外因相互作用的结果。因此，家蚕可分为由遗传起主导作用的家蚕遗传病、由环境起主要作用的家蚕非传染性蚕病、由遗传和环境共同作用的家蚕传染性蚕病三类。但目前有关家蚕遗传病的报道极少，本文试图就遗传与蚕病的关系、家蚕遗传病分类，家蚕遗传病成因、家蚕遗传病防治等作一粗浅论述，以利…     

家蚕蝇蛆病不同防治方法效果比较

家蚕蝇蛆病是家蚕的主要病害之一,是由多化性蚕蛆蝇产卵于蚕体表面,孵化后的幼虫(蛆)寄生蚕体所引起的非传染病.贵州各蚕区一年中几乎每个蚕期都遭危害,尤以6～9月的夏秋季危害最重,严重时蝇蛆率高达6%以上.     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

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Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

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Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.