君子兰花器官离体培养的初步研究

以君子兰品种‘油匠’的花瓣、花丝、胚珠等花器官为外植体进行离体培养,结果表明：采用0.1%升汞消毒10 min,花器官外植体污染率较低,仅为9.9%;不同花器官外植体愈伤组织诱导与分化能力不同,花瓣的愈伤组织诱导率和分化率最高,分别达到15.6%和57.1%;花瓣外植体诱导愈伤组织和分化成苗的能力与花蕾大小、植物生长调节剂及蔗糖浓度等因素有关,最适培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg·L^-1+BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+蔗糖3.0%,适宜的花蕾长度为0.6~1.0 cm。蔗糖浓度为3%时,花器官外植体愈伤组织诱导率与分化成苗率较高。     

东北百里香组培再生体系的建立

 以中国特有地被植物东北百里香为试材,研究了植物生长调节剂组合对腋芽萌发和茎段、叶片外植体愈伤诱导和不定芽分化的影响。结果表明：百里香茎段腋芽可直接诱导萌发,在MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg · L-1培养基上萌发率最高,达74%,在MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg · L-1的培养基上增殖倍数为36.43。由茎段萌发的组培苗在1/2MS + IBA 0.5 mg · L-1的培养基中20 d后生根率100%,移栽成活率76.7%。继代培养中叶片外植体可以诱导出愈伤组织,但是不能进一步分化成苗。茎段愈伤诱导的最适培养基为MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg · L-1 + 2,4-D 1.0 mg · L-1,再分化培养基为MS + 6-BA（0.1 ~ 1.0）mg · L-1 + GA3（0.1 ~ 0.5）mg · L-1,分化率为33.3%。     

大丽花‘费罗加’组织培养和块根诱导

以大丽花品种‘费罗加’为试材,茎段作为外植体,探讨了不同基本培养基、激素组合、蔗糖浓度、光照时间等对诱导愈伤组织、不定芽、不定根和块根的影响,以期缩短块根生产周期。结果表明:初代培养在MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1+琼脂6 g·L-1上愈伤组织诱导率为54.9%,褐化率为44.8%,污染率为26.6%,成活率达69.6%。继代增殖培养最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.01 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1+琼脂6 g·L-1,增殖系数为7.8,愈伤组织诱导率22.9%。生根最佳培养基为WPM+NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+6-BA 0.1 mg·L-1+蔗糖60 g·L-1+琼脂6 g·L-1+炭粉2 g·L-1,最适宜光照时间为6 h,生根率为98.5%,根系密集健壮。块根诱导最适材料为带根瓶苗,出现初步形态的块根,形成块根率达56.8%。     

长寿花组培快繁体系的建立

以长寿花愈伤组织为外植体,研究了不同激素(6-BA和IBA)浓度配比对长寿花丛生芽诱导以及添加不同浓度NAA对其生根培养的影响。结果表明:长寿花丛生芽诱导增殖的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+IBA 0.4mg·L-1,诱导率为288.7%;最适生根诱导培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.3mg·L-1,生根率为63.3%;长寿花生根组培苗成活率较高为97%。     

褪黑素对‘无核白’葡萄体细胞胚的诱导作用

以欧洲葡萄‘无核白’（Vitis vinifera‘Thompson Seedless’）未开放的小花蕾为外植体,研究0、1.0、2.0、3.0 mg ? L-1褪黑素（Melatonin）对其体细胞胚的诱导效果。结果表明：‘无核白’小花蕾在 MS + 1.0 ~ 3.0 mg ? L-1 褪黑素 + 2.0 mg ? L-1 6-BA + 30 g ? L-1蔗糖 + 3 g ? L-1植物凝胶的培养基上继代培养30 d时愈伤组织诱导率较好,为73.67% ~ 89.10%,显著高于2,4-D处理,愈伤组织形成所用时间较2,4-D处理缩短了14 d。愈伤组织诱导120 d时,不同浓度褪黑素均出现体细胞胚,其中,以MS + 1.0 mg ? L-1褪黑素 + 2.0 mg ? L-1 6-BA + 30 g ? L-1蔗糖的培养基体细胞胚的发生率最高,180 d时达12.05%。体胚在 MS + 60 g ? L-1 蔗糖 + 0.5 g ? L-1活性炭的X6培养基中萌发30 d后,将萌发的子叶胚转移至MS + 0.2 mg ? L-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg ? L-1 NOA + 30 g ? L-1 蔗糖 + 0.5 g ? L-1活性炭的成苗培养基上,其中,1.0 mg ? L-1褪黑素诱导产生的体胚发育正常的数量较多,为14.84%。不同浓度褪黑素处理的体胚诱导率均于180 d后增长较快,且低浓度的褪黑素有利于体胚萌发与正常发育,2,4-D诱导的愈伤组织无体胚形成。     

油点花的组织培养与快速繁殖

以油点花Ledebouria socialis(Baker)Jessop的叶片、叶柄和假鳞茎为外植体,经表面消毒处理,接种于不同激素配比的MS培养基中,探讨油点花外植体诱导愈伤组织、丛生芽、不定根培养的最适培养基和培养条件,以获得大量种苗,为其人工种植及商业化水平发展提供参考依据。结果表明:不同外植体均能诱导愈伤组织的产生,且叶片外植体最易诱导;适合油点花愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1,诱导率为96.3%~98.8%;而MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1适宜于芽诱导培养,诱导率为91.1%;培养基MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1适宜生根及壮苗培养,生根率89.5%;练苗移栽,其平均成活率达86.7%以上。     

蒙古黄芪植株再生及增殖体系建立

以蒙古黄芪种子繁育而来的无菌苗获得的外植体(根、叶片、胚轴)为试材,通过设定不同浓度的生长调控激素6-BA、2,4-D、NAA,研究不同外植体在不同浓度激素的培养条件下对其愈伤组织诱导率、试管苗增殖及生根情况的影响,以期为蒙古黄芪不同组织外植体的愈伤组织诱导、植株分化及增殖培养条件提供参考依据。结果表明：以根、胚轴、叶片为外植体材料均可诱导愈伤组织产生,其中以胚轴为外植体为最优选择,愈伤组织诱导率最高达97.92%,最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L^-1+6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+蔗糖3.0%;试管苗增殖的最佳培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+KT 0.5 mg·L^-1+蔗糖3.0%,再生植株平均分化率最高为92.67%;生根培养时,最适宜的培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+白砂糖3.0%。该试验建立了蒙古黄芪植株再生及增殖体系,在黄芪生产实践中具有重要推广价值。     

岷江百合花器官离体再生体系的建立

以岷江百合（Lilium regale Wilson）为试材,采用花丝、花柱、子房为外植体进行组织培养,研究不定芽或愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织继代、小鳞茎膨大及生根以及试管苗的炼苗移栽,以期为建立岷江百合花器官的组培快繁技术提供参考依据。结果表明：3种花器官外植体诱导能力存在差异,由易到难依次为花丝>花柱>子房,发生褐化程度也存在差异,其中花丝最易发生褐化,而子房则极不易发生褐化;不同外植体的最适诱导培养基不同,花丝最适诱导培养基为MS+BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1,总诱导率高达91%;花柱诱导最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L^-1+KT 0.1 mg·L^-1,总诱导率为63%左右;子房诱导最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg·L^-1+KT 0.05 mg·L^-1,总诱导率为52%;花器官诱导过程中主要产生2种愈伤组织,BA与NAA诱导主要获得绿色、致密、坚硬的愈伤组织,经石蜡切片鉴定为非胚性愈伤组织,...     

‘襄汾圆枣’合子胚愈伤组织诱导成苗技术研究

【目的】获得胚性后代植株,优化枣合子胚培养条件,完善枣合子胚培养技术,从而为提高枣树新品种选育效率提供理论依据。【方法】以败育程度较轻的优良晚熟鲜食品种‘襄汾圆枣’枣盛花后30 d(球形胚)、40 d(心形胚)合子胚为外植体,进一步优化胚乳看护培养条件,并利用愈伤组织途径获得再生植株。【结果】适宜胚龄30 d、40 d的合子胚沿胚性生长的培养基分别为MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1+ZT 1.0 mg·L-1+GA35.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+蔗糖7%+LH 0.5 g·L-1、MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L-1+ZT 0.5 mg·L-1+GA35.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1+蔗糖5%+LH 0.5 g·L-1,成胚率分别为54.17%、55.25%;不同胚龄的襄汾圆枣合子胚发育所需适宜的激素配比不同,在30 d胚龄阶段,NAA是影响成胚率的主要激素因子,而在40 d胚龄阶段,IBA则成为影响成胚率的主要激素因子。合子胚愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为MS+BA1.5mg·L-1+蔗糖4%,诱导率达70.59%;适宜合子胚分化培养基为MS+TDZ 0.8 mg·L-1+IAA 0.5 mg·L-1+蔗糖3%,分化率为58.90%。适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖2%,生根率达80%以上,移栽成活率超过85%。【结论】通过合子胚愈伤组织途径获得完整胚培苗,为枣育种技术开辟了新途径。     

新铁炮百合单倍体植株的诱导

在新铁炮百合‘雷山1 号’减数分裂和小孢子发育进程研究的基础上,确定了与小孢子不同发育时期相对应的花蕾长度和花药颜色等外部形态特征;筛选出‘雷山1 号’诱导愈伤组织适宜的培养基： 基本培养基为MS 改良培养基,添加2,4-D 0.5 mg · L^-1、KT 4.0 mg · L^-1,蔗糖浓度30 ~ 90 g · L^-1。对不同发育阶段花药诱导培养的结果显示：最佳诱导时期为小孢子发育的早、中期,即花蕾长度为24 ~ 25 mm 时,诱导率达44%。将花药愈伤组织转移至MS 添加2.0 mg · L-1NAA,可诱导分化形成花粉植株,分化率达100％,其中单倍体达43%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.