利用EST—SSR座位对鲤鱼4种生长性状的单标记回归分析

获得与经济性状连锁的分子标记或基因是开展该性状分子育种的工作基础。本研究以大头鲤／荷包红鲤抗寒品系的雌核发育群体为试验材料,利用Windows Map Manager2．0的标记回归法进行QTL单标记定位分析,从70个微卫星座位对吻长、头长、尾长、眼间距性状的标记回归研究中,共得到5个标记与性状相关。其中HLJE190、HLJE217、HLJE268与吻长相关,HLJE1与头长、尾长、眼间距相关;C88433与头长、眼间距相关。将C88433通过BLAST比对,结果显示与斑马鱼上控制V型离子泵（ATPase）的基因相关。     

镜鲤微卫星标记与体形性状的关联分析

应用荧光标记的通用引物法,利用100对微卫星标记对高背镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)和低背镜鲤杂交所得F1190个个体的基因组DNA进行分型。利用SPSS软件对100个微卫星标记与鲤的体长、体高、体厚、头长、尾柄长及尾柄高等体形性状进行相关性分析,结果显示有22个微卫星座位与体长、体高、体厚等体形性状显著性相关(P<0.05)。其中CAFS110、CAFS159、CAFS624、CAFS907、CAFS2320、CAFS2321、HLJE319与体长,CAFS254、CAFS1119、HLJE310与体高,CAFS159、CAFS907、CAFS1119、CAFS1737、CAFS2137、CAFS2317与体厚,CAFS100、CAFS679、CAFS907、CAFS1119、HLJE319与头长,CAFS165、CAFS175、CAFS907、CAFS1127、CAFS1491、CAFS2322、HLJE284与尾柄长,CAFS907、CAFS1119、CAFS2137、CAFS2317、HLJE141与尾柄高的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05)。这些标记将有助于镜鲤分子辅助育种的研究。     

南方鲇鱼种形态的量化分析

对131尾南方鲇鱼种(体长30mm—134mm)形态进行仔细观察，并量化分析。结果显示，南方鲇鱼种(1)口宽阔，口裂宽占头长48．5％—63．6％，平均为56．4％，吻长(口裂长)占头长的25．6％—42．8％平均为33．9％，又均不随鱼种生长而出现较大变化；(2)南方鲇的头长占体长的22．7％—30．8％之间，平均为24.6％，比例随着鱼种的生长而逐渐变小，体长达70mm以后，比例显著降低；(3)体高占体长的13．8％—24.1％，平均为16．4％。随着鱼种规格的增大而逐渐变大，体长达60mm后比例显著变大(4)尾鳍不对称，上叶明显长于下叶，上下叶长度之比为1．2—1．6，平均为1．33，随着鱼体生长无显著变化。     

几种无机盐多种维生素对鲤鱼生长的影响

几种无机盐多种维生素对鲤鱼生长的影响于春然，张国强（辽宁省淡水水产研究所辽阳１１１０００）关键词：无机盐，维生素，鲤鱼，生长随着养鱼事业的发展，鱼用人工配合饲料越来越发挥出它的重要性。人工配合饲料虽然已达到一定技术水平，但还存在着一些问题，如饲料营养...     

镜鲤眼径及眼间距性状显著相关的微卫星标记筛选

利用镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)全同胞家系68个个体,分析其眼径(ED)和眼间距(EC)与164个细菌人工染色体文库(bacterial artificial chromosome, BAC)末端序列来源的微卫星标记的相关性.结果164个微卫星标记共检测到401个等位基因,463种基因型,利用GLM模型对每个标记与对应的性状做回归分析, Permutation 10000次检验结果显示,共22个微卫星标记分别与眼径和眼间距具有显著相关性(P<0.05),其中CAFS1526等6个标记仅与眼径具有显著相关性(P<0.05), CAFS0882等11个标记仅与眼间距显著相关(P<0.05),而CAFS1298等5个标记与两个性状均具有显著相关性(P<0.05), CAFS1298和 CAFS1423与2个性状的相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).用SPSS13.0的Duncan’s多重比较找到了每个标记与性状显著相关的基因型,进一步将与眼径和眼间距显著相关的标记整合到遗传连锁图谱上,其中9个微卫星标记与眼径或眼间距的 QTL 定位结果一致,其可解释表型变异率在13.3%~20.9%.     

鲤回交群体4种生长性状的相关性分析

利用132对SSRs(simple sequence repeat)标记和63对在EST(expressed sequence tag)上的微卫星标记对柏氏鲤和荷包红鲤抗寒品系回交子代的84个个体基因组DNA进行检测,共得到565个等位基因,各等位基因数2～4个,片段长度72～484 bp,平均等位基因数为2.897 4,平均多态信息含量为0.584 9,平均杂合度为0.592 8。利用统计软件SPSS的GLM程序对195个微卫星标记与鲤体重、体长、头长和尾柄长的相关性进行分析,其中HLJ133、HLJ346、HLJ360与体重具有极显著相关;HLJ133,HLJ368,HLJ390,HLJ673,HLJE96与体长具有显著相关;HLJ133,HLJ346,HLJ360与头长极显著相关;HLJ529,HLJE538,HLJE586与头长具有显著相关;HLJ673,HLJE282与尾柄长具有极显著相关;HLJ348,HLJ368,HLJ382,HLJ437,HLJ483,HLJ752,HLJE169,HLJE586与尾柄长具有显著相关,并对同一标记不同基因型间进行了多重比较。根据实验求出的体重与体长、头长、尾柄长之间的相关系数和通径系数,可得知体重与尾柄长的直接相关性非常小。     

饲喂水平对鲤鱼生长性能的影响

探讨饲喂水平对鲤鱼生长性能的影响,挑选体质良好、健康无病、体重为(17.50±1.55)g的鲤鱼幼鱼600余尾,试验共设计5个饲喂水平,共3个重复,分别投喂鱼体质量重的1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、4.0%、5.0%饲料,试验过程记录鲤鱼试验开始、结束的体重及饵料消耗量和剩余量,为期6周。结果表明：5.0%的结束体重显著高于4.0%(P<0.05),极显著地高于1.0%、2.0%、3.0%组(P <0.01);饲喂水平4.0%的显著高于3.0%(P<0.05),极显著地高于1.0%和2.0%(P <0.01);3.0%的结束体重指标显著高于1.0%和2.0%水平(P<0.05);特定生长率指标4.0%和5.0%饲喂水平组显著高于3.0%饲喂水平(P<0.05),极显著地高于1.0%和2.0%饲喂水平组(P <0.01);相对增重率5.0%和4.0%水平组极显著地高于1.0%、2.0%和3.0%饲喂水平组(P <0.01);而饲料利用率5.0%饲喂水平组则显著地低于4.0%饲喂水平组(P<0.05),极显著低于1.0%、2.0%、3....     

酵母多糖对鲤鱼生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究鲤鱼饲料中添加不同水平的酵母多糖对其生长性能的影响.试验选取240尾整齐规格、体质量相近、健康的鲤鱼随机分为4组,对照组鲤鱼饲喂基础饲料,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组鲤鱼分别饲喂添加0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg、2.0 g/kg的酵母多糖的基础饲料.结果表明:试验2组和试验3组鲤鱼的试验末重比对照组...     

利用EST-SSR分子标记研究鲤的饲料转化率性状

饲料转化率是重要的经济性状,通过QTL定位获得的紧密连锁标记以及相关基因,是遗传育种的重要工具。本文利用70个鲤的EST-SSR,对鲤全同胞家系92个体的基因组DNA进行扫描,得到符合1∶1孟德尔分离类型的位点48个,3∶1孟德尔分离类型的位点22个。采用拟回交策略对符合1∶1分离的标记与鲤饲料转化率性状进行单标记回归分析。结果表明：HLJE335、HLJE253、HLE547、HLJE92、HLJE203、HLJE231等6个标记与饲料转化率性状相关（P<0.05）。其中,HLJE547和HLJE203两个标记与饲料转化率相关性达极显著水平（P<0.001）,分别解释了表型变异的11.00%、11.00%。应用NCBI数据库,分别对与性状极显著相关的2个ESTSSR标记进行同源性比对,发现标记HLJE547与斑马鱼基因组中编码ATPase, H⁺ transporting, lysosomal的核酸序列同源（同源性为74%）,与斑马鱼编码的ATPase, H⁺ transporting, lysosomal的蛋白序列同源（同源性为92%）。推测ATPase可能通过影响鲤消化与吸收等生物学机制,从而影响鲤的饲料转化效率。     

柠檬酸对鲤鱼生长性能的影响

探讨鲤鱼饵料中添加不同剂量的柠檬酸对其生长性能的影响,并确定柠檬酸的最适添加剂量.选取400尾体重相近、无病的鲤鱼随机分为4组,每组包含10个重复,每个重复10尾鲤鱼.试验鲤鱼分别饲喂含有0(对照组)、0.1％、(试验1组)0.2％(试验2组)、0.3％(试验3组)的柠檬酸的基础饵料.预试验10天,正式试验56天.试验...     

鲤与生长性状相关的EST-SSRs标记筛选

以大头鲤(Cyprinus pellegrini Tchang)(母本)与荷包红鲤(Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis)抗寒品系(父本)杂交产生的F1作为亲本,以其自交F2作为分离群体,结合"拟测交"策略,用EST-SSRs标记对其中92个个体进行基因型检测.利用Windows Map Manager 2.0的标记回归法对符合拟测交分离的70个EST-SSRs标记进行单标记回归分析,检测出8个与鲤体长、体高、体厚性状相关的标记.对同一标记不同基因型个体间生长性状进行显著性比较,通过t检验,找到与生长性状相关的基因型.将上述8个EST序列与GenBank数据库进行BLAST比对,有3条EST序列与蛋白库中已知功能的序列高度同源.其中HLJE225与编码斑马鱼(J9enio rerio)冷诱导基因RNA结合蛋白的基因同源性水平高达97%,HLJE222与编码斑马鱼DAZ相关蛋白1基因同源性水平也高达97%,HLJE599与编码斑点叉尾鲴(Ictalurus punctatus)核糖体蛋白L6基因的同源水平为87%.本研究鉴定的与鲤生长性状相关的功能基因及有利用价值的基因型,为鲤重要生长性状的QTL(数量性状基闪座)定位和分子标记辅助育种提供了一定的依据.[中国水产科学,2009,16(1):15-22]     

利用SSR﹑EST-SSR、SNP标记对鲤食物转化率、体厚、体质量3种性状的分析

利用Windows Map Manager2.0的标记回归法对鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)F2群体进行单标记定位分析.用91个SSR标记、33个EST标记、364个SNP标记对鲤进行全基因组扫描,结果得到与食物转化率、体厚、体质量3个性状显著相关(P＜0.05)的标记,分别为27、35、27个,其中与食物转化率相关的标记SNP0041、SNP0044,其相关性达到极显著水平(P＜0.001),贡献率分别达到15%、16%.这些标记可作为分子标记辅助育种的参考标记.将得到的与食物转化率显著相关的EST座位HLJEl4、HLJE253和与体质量显著相关的HLJE253座位在NCBI上进行BLAST比对,结果显示HLJE253与斑马鱼上编码ORF2结构蛋白的基因相关,相关程度达61%.将得到的与3种性状相关的SNP标记在NCBI上进行序列查找,通过Blast比对找到相关的基因,并对可能的功能作了注释.     

Immunomodulatory effect of cimetidine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The main indication of cimetidine is being H₂-receptor antagonist, but studies suggest that cimetidine may also act as a non-specific stimulant of cell-mediated immunity and immunomodulator. In order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of dietary intake of cimetidine in the common carp (100 ± 10 g), subjects were fed diets containing 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mg cimetidine kg^?1 of dry diet for a period of 6 weeks. TLC and NBT assays were significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated in cimetidine-supplemented groups displaying the highest value in 200 mg kg^?1 group. A decrease (P < 0.05) in cortisol and ACH50 value was recorded in fish treated with cimetidine. Serum protein, albumin and serum globulin levels were not significantly changed. The findings of the present investigation suggest that the incorporation of cimetidine in the diet of common carp enhances the non-specific immunity.     

Genetic characterization of wild Dutch common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Six male carp, caught in the water system surrounding the Anna Paulowna (AP) Polder in The Netherlands, were characterized using allozyme and microsatellite markers. At the sMDH‐A1,2* loci an allele was found, which has previously only been found in wild River Rhine and wild Vietnamese common carp. Microsatellite allele frequencies showed that these AP carp were significantly different from a group of carp originating from several different domesticated strains. Based on both allozyme and microsatellite data, the AP carp probably originated from a wild or feral self‐sustaining population.     

镉对鲤血清促性腺激素和生长激素的影响

采用ＣｄＣｌ２浸没法处理鲤，研究镉对鲤血清促性腺激素（ＧｔＨ）和生长激素（ＧＨ）水平的影响，结果表明，较镐浓度镉（ＣｄＣｌ２９ｍｇ／Ｌ）处理引起血清ＧｔＨ水平降低，ＧＨ水平升高，提高水中钙浓度，能使由镉引起的ＧｔＨ水平的降低恢得取正常水平，并对镉引起的ＧＨ水平升高起延迟作用，镉处理使鲤对ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ刺激ＧｔＨ分泌的反应性下降，提高水中钙浓度也不能恢复正常，实验结果提示，镉引起的ＧｔＨ和ＧＨ的变化可     

Top-crossing with evaluation of slaughtering value in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) offspring

A three-year test of growth performance andoffspring survival from top-crossing of commoncarp hybrids in low altitude (350 m above thesea level, middle European climate) and in highaltitude (750 m above the sea level, middleEuropean climate) was terminated by assessmentof slaughtering value of edible parts in therespective strains. A recently establishedHungarian synthetic mirror carp strain (HSM)was chosen for testing as maternal strain. TheHSM, as well as wild Amur carp (AC), Ropshacarp (ROP) and Tata carp (TAT) were used aspaternal strains.The evidential strain*altitude interactioneffect was demonstrated as significant forweight of fish (0.0005), fillet without skin(0.0001), index of highbackedness (0.005),index of head length (0.0404),Fulton's coefficient (0.0497),index of widebackedness (0.0315) andgonadosomatic index (0.0082). The interactioneffect was demonstrated as insignificantbetween altitude*sex and betweenstrain*sex.The comparative test of analysis of variance(ANOVA) revealed significantly (P < 0.05)higher weight of fish after killing on lowaltitude (1611.6 g) than on high altitude(1090.3 g), but processed body yield andpercentage of fillet without skin was notsignificantly different (64.0 and 34.2 for lowaltitude, 64.2 and 33.4 for high altitude). Thepercentage of processed body weight andpercentage of fillet without skin in analysisboth altitudes were significantly better infemales (65.5 and 34.6%) than in males (62.5and 33.00%), respectively. The highestsignificant differences in weight of fish afterkilling were found between HSM (890.8 g) andHSM × AC (1283.3 g) in high altitude. In lowaltitude, it was between HSM (1527.2 g) andHSM × AC (1706.9 g) and HSM × ROP (1693.0 g).     

Artificial spawning of carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.)

The effect of reproduction was investigated on females of Hungarian strain W, French strain F, and their cross‐breed 1X whose ovulation was stimulated with carp pituitary (0.3 mg kg^?1and, after 12 h, 2.7 mg kg^?1) or Ovopel (one‐fifth of a pellet per kg and, after 12 h, one pellet per kg). It was found that in the case of Ovopel treatment, the percentage of spawning females of strain F and the cross‐breed 1X was higher than in the hypophysed fish compared. The applied ovulation stimulators did not significantly affect the weight of obtained eggs, whereas the significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect was recorded with respect to the quality of eggs after 12‐, 24‐, 36‐ and 48‐h of incubation. After Ovopel stimulation, the quality of eggs was better. The origin of the females had no statistically significant effect on the weight of eggs although the yield of eggs from fish of strain W was much smaller than that from females of strain F and the 1X cross‐breed. The interaction between the ovulation stimulator and the provenance of the females was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the percentage of live embryos after 48‐h of incubation of eggs. Eggs of the best quality (and highest weight) were obtained from fish of strain F and cross‐breed 1X treated with Ovopel. In females of strain F that spawned within 6 and 10 h after the second Ovopel injection, the effect of the ovulation time on the weight of eggs was non‐significant. It was significant with respect to the percentage of egg fertilization and of live embryos after 36‐h of incubation (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05 respectively). The better quality of eggs (and their higher weight) was recorded when this time was shorter.     

Lipid metabolism responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to mulberry leaf meal in diet

This study investigated the lipid metabolism responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to mulberry leaf meal (MLM) replacing of some fish meal in diet. Six iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets containing different levels of MLM (0%, 6.3%, 12.6%, 18.9%, 25.2% and 31.5%) were prepared and fed to common carps in tanks for 56 days. Analysis showed that serum total protein, albumin contents and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities were not significantly different among treatments, blood glucose, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein but triglyceride concentration depicted a declining trend in MLM supplementation groups compared with control. Liver and muscle lipid content decreased with increased supplementation of MLM in the diet. Hepatic lpl showed an up‐regulated trend in the MLM groups, apo‐a1 was up‐regulated in common carp fed 31.5% MLM diet, pparα was up‐regulated in 18.9% and 25.2% MLM groups, while apo‐a4, pparβ and pparγ were down‐regulated in all the MLM‐treated groups compared with control, fabp1 was down‐regulated in fish fed high‐MLM diets (≥25.2%). The results revealed that half of fish meal in common carp diet could be replaced by MLM with no hepatotoxicity; MLM promoted the reversal of cholesterol transport thereby reducing the cholesterol in blood; MLM elevated the ability of fatty acid oxidation of the common carp, but did not activated the activity of lipoprotein lipase fully, and the suppressed transportation of fatty acid affected the degradation of triglyceride in blood together; MLM reduced liver lipid contents might through suppressing the isolation and proliferation of adipocytes.     

Betanin attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

This study investigates the protective effect of betanin against liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish were treated with 1, 2, and 4 % betanin in fodder throughout the experiment. After 20 days of treatment, the fish were intraperitoneally injected with 20 % (v/v in peanut oil) CCl₄ at a volume of 0.5 mL/kg body weight. The fish were killed 3 days after CCl₄ intoxication, and then, histological and biochemical assays were performed. Results showed that CCl₄-induced liver CYP2E1 activity, oxidative stress, and injury, as indicated by the depleted glycogen storage, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and liver histological damage. Compared with the CCl₄ control group, the betanin-treated groups exhibited reduced CYP2E1 activity, decreased malondialdehyde level, increased liver antioxidative capacity (increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), increased liver glycogen storage, and reduced serum AST/ALT activities, with significant differences in the 2 and 4 % groups (p < 0.05). Histological assay further confirmed the protective effect of betanin. In conclusion, betanin attenuates CCl₄-induced liver damage in common carp. Moreover, the inhibition of CYP2E1 activity and oxidative stress may have significant roles in the protective effect of betanin.     

盐度对鲤能量收支的影响

以水蚯蚓为饵料，在温度为２７℃，盐度为淡水、３、５、７、９的条件下对幼鲤（初始体重为２．１９－３．３１ｇ）进行了摄食－生长实验，每一盐度下设４个摄食水平（饥饿－饱足），测定了最大摄食率、吸收率、特定生长率、转化效率和能量收支。结果表明：盐度对最大摄食率、特定生长率（ＳＧＲ）和转化效率有显著影响；盐度对排出废物所占比例（Ｅ／Ｃ）影响不显著，对代谢能所占比例（Ｒ／Ｃ）和生长能所占比例（Ｇ／Ｃ）有显著影