基于RS与GIS的龙口市土壤侵蚀评价研究

将研究区分成100 m×100 m的网格,以通用土壤侵蚀方程USLE为模型,利用RS与GIS技术获取土壤侵蚀的各影响因子,计算出每个单元格的年均侵蚀量和侵蚀模数,最终获得龙口市的土壤侵蚀总量和侵蚀强度分级.结果表明,龙口市年均侵蚀模数为982.5 t/(hm2·a),侵蚀强度属轻度;占龙口市总面积63.6%的区域为微度侵蚀,微度侵蚀对总侵蚀量的贡献率为8.1%;而强度以上侵蚀虽然只占土地总面积的4.7%,侵蚀量却占到总侵蚀量的40.6%.     

基于GIS和USLE的钦江流域土壤侵蚀评估

在GIS和RS技术支持下,基于USLE模型对钦江流域土壤侵蚀进行了定量评估,并分析了不同海拔、不同坡度、不同土地利用类型下土壤侵蚀强度特征和规律。结果表明:（1） 钦江流域年均土壤侵蚀模数为2 608.87 t/（km² ·a）,属中度侵蚀,远大于水利部规定的南方红壤丘陵区土壤允许流失量500 t/（km²·a）的标准;（2） 随高程升高,土壤侵蚀强度呈递减趋势。0～240 m高程带是土壤侵蚀防治的重点区域。（3） 随坡度增大,土壤侵蚀强度呈递减趋势。15°以下坡度带是钦江流域土壤侵蚀重点预防和治理区域。（4） 不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度差异显著,旱地、草地和未利用地大部分处于强度侵蚀以上,是控制流域整体土壤侵蚀状况的关键土地利用类型。     

广西岩溶地区土壤侵蚀变化遥感监测——以“珠治”工程广西项目区河池片区为例

采用RS、GIS技术,以通用土壤流失方程为基础,对"珠治"工程广西项目区河池片区进行了土壤侵蚀遥感监测,定量研究了治理措施实施后岩溶地区的土壤侵蚀变化规律。结果表明:治理后土壤侵蚀得到了遏制,土壤侵蚀总量从治理前的311 848 t减少到治理后的284 877 t,减少了8.65%,其中剧烈侵蚀的侵蚀量和侵蚀面积减少最为明显;土地利用方式对土壤侵蚀影响明显,其中未利用地、耕地的土壤侵蚀最为严重,林地、草地对土壤侵蚀的发生具有减弱作用。     

基于GIS的东苕溪典型小流域土壤侵蚀风险评估

基于GIS信息平台,采用土壤流失评估模型（USLE）对东苕溪典型小流域的土壤侵蚀强度进行估算评价,识别了土壤流失关键源区。结果表明：东苕溪典型小流域土壤侵蚀量在时间上与降雨量有较好的相关性（r=0.730,P〈0.05）,侵蚀方式以水力侵蚀为主;年均土壤侵蚀模数为2347t·km-2,属轻度强度侵蚀,土壤侵蚀强度呈现南北两端高,中部地区低的趋势;不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀强度差异显著,年均侵蚀模数城镇用地〉农村生活用地〉耕地〉林地〉园地;中度及强度侵蚀区主要发生在陡坡带及7°～12°的耕地,极强度及剧烈侵蚀区主要集中在坡度大于12°的耕地、城镇用地及农村用地。     

基于GIS的桥子沟流域土壤侵蚀初步分析

以甘肃省天水市桥子沟流域为研究区域,采用美国通用土壤流失方程（USLE模型）为评价模型,加入地理信息系统技术的空间分析功能,运用地理信息系统软件Arcview进行小流域土壤侵蚀量的估算与分析,从而为我国西部地区的水土保持型植被建设和生态与环境效应评价提供科学依据。     

The Effects of Seasonality in Estimating the C‐Factor of Soil Erosion Studies

Monitoring soil erosion risk is an important part of soil conservation practices. It is usually estimated with the Universal Soil Loss Equation, and the C‐factor (vegetation cover) is derived from optical satellite images. However, because of lack of data and resources, or in rapid assessments, C‐factor is estimated using one or a few satellite observations, despite being temporally variable according to plants' phenology. The aim of this work was to study the effect of seasonality in estimating C‐factor. This was achieved by demonstrating first that there is a difference when estimating soil erosion with Universal Soil Loss Equation at variable time steps in a year, namely once, seasonally and monthly. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer normalized difference vegetation index images and statistical analysis at subcatchment scale, it was shown that there is a significant difference when estimating mean annual soil loss with the aforementioned temporal options. The highest differences were observed between monthly and annual time steps. The second objective was to identify which is the optimum time to estimate C‐factor in a year. The results show that November, October and March are the optimum months for single image estimation of annual soil erosion. Statistical analysis with a random point dataset suggested that the spatial variability of the results was influenced by the land cover type, especially in areas with variable leaf cover where a single date estimation of C‐factor was not representative of the whole year, such as annual crops and deciduous trees. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于RS,GIS的滇池流域水土流失变化研究

滇池已被列入国家“三河三湖”治理的重点,也是云南省九大高原湖泊保护治理的重中之重。面源污染是滇池污染的主要原因,而水土流失则是面源污染的主要来源,占面源污染总量的80％;水土流失是导致滇池环境恶化的重要因素,防治水土流失是治理滇池的重要内容。在RS与GIS技术支持下,通过对1987年和2002年2期滇池流域TM数据的处理,分析流域内的水土流失分布、面积及强度变化,得出水土流失状况趋缓的结论;结合滇池流域森林覆盖和土地利用／覆盖动态变化数据,找出水土流失变化的主要原因是森林植被覆盖率的提高;提出了加速防护林体系建设、发展生态农业和加强法制宣传教育等水土保持建议。     

中国土地资源的土壤侵蚀状况分析

土壤侵蚀不仅会导致土地资源的退化 ,而且会造成环境恶化。在定义土壤侵蚀指数的基础上 ,以土地资源类型为单元 ,以遥感与 GIS技术为支撑 ,分析不同土地资源类型下土壤侵蚀类型与强度 ,阐明土地资源的土壤侵蚀背景 ,揭示出两者之间的关系 ,并作出区域上的分析。在我国的北方以还草为主 ,南方以还林为主。     

基于地理信息系统的土壤侵蚀研究

在非点源污染研究过程中 ,土壤流失量的计算是一个重要环节。结合地理信息系统和通用土壤流失方程 ,选择地形、植被、降雨量等因子 ,对松花湖流域常山地区土壤流失量进行了估算 ,并讨论了地形、植被等因子在土壤侵蚀中的影响 ,提出了相应的控制措施     

Assessment of soil erosion hazard in Kilie catchment,East Shoa,Ethiopia

This paper reports on a field study conducted in Kilie catchment, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia to assess the rate of soil erosion by employing a soil loss prediction model (Universal Soil Loss Equation) integrated with in remote sensing and geographical information systems (RS/GIS), environment and gully measurement techniques. The final soil erosion risk map was produced after multiplication of the six factors involved in the USLE and RS/GIS. Gully measurement showed that the erosion rate is higher for the upland areas than the lowlands due to inappropriate soil and water conservation measures, free grazing by animals and conversion of hillside areas into farmlands. About 97·04 per cent of the study catchment falls within a range of 0–10 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ sheet/rill erosion rate. We found that 2·17 per cent of the study area in the uplands has a soil erosion rate falling between 10 and 20 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. About 0·8 per cent of the study area in the uplands is hit by severe sheet/rill erosion rate within the range of 20–60 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Gully erosion extent in the study area was evaluated through gully measurement and quantification methods. Gully density of 67 m ha⁻¹ was recorded in the catchment. The gully to plot area ratio was found to be 0·14 on average. Hence, in the upland areas, sustainable land management practices are required in order to reduce the rate of soil erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.