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布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人畜共患传染病,不仅给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失,并威胁人类健康。弱毒疫苗免疫是防控布病的重要手段,但弱毒疫苗的使用往往对布病的诊断和监测造成干扰。各国学者利用细菌学、免疫学、分子生物学等技术手段,建立了病原分离鉴定、补体结合试验、利凡诺尔试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、荧光偏振实验、限制性片段长度多态性、PCR、real-time PCR等多种布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗鉴别检测方法。研究表明,ELISA和FPT以其高通量以及操作方便的优势,在布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗与野生菌株感染的血清学鉴别诊断方面前景良好;分子生物学特别是PCR、real-time PCR方法目前仍广泛用于布鲁氏菌纯培养物的鉴定。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗粘膜免疫及检测方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗粘膜免疫及其检测方法,本实验采用粘膜点眼途径对健康母羊接种布鲁氏杆菌猪2号疫苗(S2)、牛19号疫苗(A19)和羊强毒株(M16),筛选布鲁氏杆菌病鉴别检测方法。将12月龄~14月龄母羊60只随机分为3组,以常规疫苗推荐剂量进行半量粘膜点眼接种。采集血液、淋巴、脏器进行布鲁氏菌病血清学检测和细菌学分离以及PCR检测。结果表明:布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗抗体水平持续6个月,其中血清学的试管凝集试验、半胱氨酸凝集试验与补体结合试验的阳性符合率达到100%。细菌分离期为6个月,乳腺、乳腺淋巴、髂淋巴分离率较高;而强毒株M16的抗体水平和细菌分离持续12个月以上。结果显示以常规血清学和细菌学检测方法在点眼免疫布鲁氏菌S2、A19苗6个月后可以进行野毒感染和疫苗免疫畜的鉴别诊断。 相似文献
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AMOSPCR是近年来在布鲁氏菌上尝试使用的一种布鲁氏菌检测方法,可作为布鲁氏菌诊断及菌种类型鉴定的PCR方法,可区分牛种布鲁氏菌1、2、4型,羊种布鲁氏菌、猪种布鲁氏菌、绵羊附睾种布鲁氏菌。本试验用来自国内的疫苗S2,M5及国际上常用的布鲁氏菌疫苗S19,104M试验AMOSPCR的效果,同时对AMOSPCR扩增条带进行测序。结果表明,除国内布鲁氏菌S19检测结果与国外菌株不同外,其余的几种疫苗株都得到典型的特征性条带。同时测序结果也表明各种属条带无交叉反应,为今后国内诊断布鲁氏菌病诊断方法研究指出一个方向。 相似文献
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为建立适合犬布鲁氏菌病临床检测的单重PCR方法,通过对比粗糙型(犬种)与光滑型(羊种、牛种和猪种)布鲁氏菌基因组DNA的序列差异,设计1对引物并优化反应条件,建立了可初步鉴别犬4种布鲁氏菌的PCR方法,然后对该方法的特异性和灵敏度进行评价,并对20份犬布鲁氏菌血清学阳性的血液样品进行临床检测。结果显示,利用建立的PCR反应体系对牛种、羊种和猪种布鲁氏菌均能扩增出717 bp的目的条带,对犬种布鲁氏菌能扩增出366 bp的目的条带;最低可检测到犬种、羊种、猪种和牛种布鲁氏菌基因组DNA浓度分别为5.07×10-2、6.20×10-2、7.80×10-3和5.50×10-2 ng/μL;20份血液样品中共检测到3份犬种布鲁氏菌阳性样品,与使用GB/T 18646—2018引物的PCR检测结果一致。结果表明,本试验建立的单重PCR方法简捷、特异、敏感,适合基层兽医实验室对犬布鲁氏菌病的检测与鉴定。 相似文献
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为建立同时检测布鲁氏菌和鹦鹉热衣原体的双重PCR方法,本研究据GenBank上已发表的具有属间特异性的布鲁氏菌bp26基因和鹦鹉热衣原体23S rRNA基因,利用 Primer Premier 5.0软件各设计1对特异性引物,扩增的目的片段长度分别为219和356 bp。通过优化反应条件,建立了能同时检测布鲁氏菌和鹦鹉热衣原体的双重PCR方法。该方法具有较好的特异性和可重复性,对2种基因单重PCR检测敏感性均达到3.1×102拷贝/反应,双重检测的灵敏度为3.1×103拷贝/反应。利用该双重PCR方法对流产牛抗凝全血、血清、流产胎儿及奶液共172份临床疑似布鲁氏菌感染的样品进行检测,检测到布鲁氏菌阳性样品53份,鹦鹉热衣原体阳性样品2份,以上这2种病原的阳性检出率分别为30.8%和1.2%,且检测到2种病原混合感染的阳性样品2份,阳性检出率为1.2%。临床应用结果表明,该方法可用来对布鲁氏菌和鹦鹉热衣原体进行同步、快速、灵敏的检测。 相似文献
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一.以单克隆抗体、聚合酶链反应(PCR)、限制性酶切片段分析(RFA)以及基因表达为代表的分子生物学技术日趋成熟,并逐步进入常规化应用,标志着禽病诊断和疫苗研制技术已进入分子生物学时代。 以单克隆抗体为基础的ELISA检测技术,已作为多种禽病的标准诊断方法被OIE等国际组织所采纳。此次会议上,匈牙利,特别是瑞典的学者报道了用单克隆抗体阻断ELISA检测新城疫病毒、禽腺病毒、禽传染性支气管炎病毒以及支原体等病原的特异性抗体的方法,中国学者则报道了用单克隆抗体双抗夹心法ELISA检测新城疫病毒的方法。 本次会议的论文摘要集共收入论文摘要374篇,其中35篇是有关基因和表达方面的文章,占摘要总数的9.36%,研究内容包括PCR检测技术、重组病毒疫苗及其免疫效果、核酸(DNA)疫苗、限制性酶切分析在病原鉴定方面的应用等等。荷兰和德国的学者报道了他们用PCR方法鉴别新城疫病毒致病力的研究。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2021,(9)
本文概述了布鲁氏菌病的实验室检测方法研究进展,主要包括病原分离、免疫学检测技术和分子生物学检测技术,如酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、荧光偏振试验(FPA)、虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT技术)、胶体金免疫层析技术(GIGA)、补体结合试验(CFT)、新型可视化环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP技术)和PCR技术等,希望可为布鲁氏菌病基层实验室检测的技术推广提供参考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献