共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
玉米衍生自交系的遗传相似性及相关概念 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
生物技术的发展推动玉米育种技术进步,同时为新品种保护提供了新的技术手段。采用DNA分子标记技术可以建立玉米品种DNA分子指纹图谱,育种家可以采用这项技术鉴定自交系的遗传特征,监测和保护其品种权免受侵犯。制定基于SSR技术的玉米品种分子测试技术指南是可行的,但仅凭借目前的SSR分子标记技术进行新品种DUS测试存在严重缺陷。从杂交种分离二环系是当前我国玉米育种者选育自交系的途径之一,确定适宜的衍生品系遗传相似性的临界值直接关系到玉米品种权的保护。发展中国家已经在生物技术发展的竞争中处于劣势,现阶段植物新品种保护DUS测试不能以谱带分析为标准,仍然以形态特征描述为主要依据,分子指纹图谱技术可以作为辅助证据。 相似文献
4.
干旱是包括中国在内的世界上大多数玉米生产国家的重要农业灾害之一,解决干旱问题的有效途径包括培育抗旱型和节水型的玉米杂交种.多年来,通过常规手段进行玉米抗旱育种取得了一定进展,但由于多方面原因,其育种效率没有得到进一步提高.而与此同时,对玉米在干旱胁迫下的生理生化途径研究很多,其成果可以为抗旱育种提供理论指导;尤其是近年来应用分子标记技术和基因组学技术对玉米抗旱性进行了深入的遗传剖析,其研究结果也为玉米抗旱分子育种提供了新的手段和思路.同时评述了相关研究领域的进展,并讨论今后的发展趋势。 相似文献
5.
6.
杂种优势利用是玉米育种研究的重要内容。通过分析玉米种质的遗传多样性可以划分杂种优势群,并在结合育种实践的基础上构建杂种优势模式。分子标记技术已成为分析遗传多样性的重要工具。对不同分子标记系统的比较分析表明,SSR标记最适合种质的遗传多样性分析。系谱分析方法、数量遗传学方法和分子标记技术是分析玉米杂种优势群的常用方法。利用分子标记技术并结合双列杂交和NC-II方法对中国玉米种质进行了有效划分。文章最后探讨了利用分子标记遗传距离预测杂种优势的可能性。 相似文献
7.
玉米分子标记技术的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
主要介绍了AFLP、RAPD、RFLP和SSR分子标记技术在玉米育种中的应用,以及近年来分子标记技术在玉米遗传多样性,QTL定位等研究方面的应用。应用分子标记技术,不仅对玉米种质资源的发现、鉴定、分类整理和开发利用有一定作用,而且能进一步挖掘与玉米高产、优质高抗有关的基因,从而进行基因的定位和标记,提高玉米育种的效率。同时运用该技术对玉米抗逆性基因进行精确定位,为这些抗逆基因的克隆、转化及利用打下良好的基础,为分子标记辅助选择育种提供了条件,加快育种进程。 相似文献
8.
数字化和可视化技术是玉米虚拟育种的主要技术支撑,该技术是建立在遗传育种基础上发展起来的一门新兴技术。综述了与玉米品种设计相关的玉米数字化以及计算机可视化方面的研究进展,并展望了今后的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):193-227
SUMMARY Quality Protein Maize (QPM), a nutritionally enhanced maize, was developed by researchers from CIMMYT using too genetic systems–opaque-2 and genetic modifiers. The use of these two genetic systems overcame the highly complex problems that were inherent in the original soft endosperm opaques. This review describes the ever-evolving breeding options and strategies for the development of QPM with examples from the CIMMYT maize program, where much of the research and practical breeding work has been done. The soft endosperm opaque-2 materials developed earlier had poor agronomic performances and lacked producer and consumer acceptance. To overcome these constraints, subsequent research explored various options, with and without high lysine mutants. Like other institutions, CIMMYT researchers tried and critically examined the merits and demerits of different strategies. Of all the strategies available, the selection for modified kernels in which CIMMYT scientists had gained information, experience, and confidence seemed viable. To implement this strategy, modified opaque-2 donor stocks were built and were subsequently used for expanding the QPM developmental efforts. A large volume of QPM germplasm was developed using different breeding options, which were later merged and reorganized into a fixed number of pools and populations to permit working in homozygous opaque-2 genetic backgrounds. The development of QPM hybrids was the next turning point in the mid-80s. During the QPM developmental process, serious problems inherent in the opaques were circumvented and since then, rapid progress has been made. There is a renewed interest in QPM and several countries have recently released QPM varieties and hybrids. To further accelerate the QPM developmental process, to enhance its popularity amongst nations and its farmers, and to meet future challenges, innovative ideas and the tools of biotechnology will be needed. 相似文献