响应面法优化酶-超临界CO_2萃取联用提取雪莲果菊糖工艺

以雪莲果为试材,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化超临界CO_2萃取辅助酶法提取雪莲果菊糖工艺。结果表明,酶-超临界CO_2萃取联用提取雪莲果菊糖最佳工艺为:雪莲果粉碎度80目,木瓜蛋白酶用量10 mg/g,萃取压力32 MPa,萃取温度52℃,CO_2流量30 L/h,此时雪莲果菊糖得率可达84.37%。酶-超临界CO_2萃取联用提取法较传统提取法(酶法、微波法、超临界CO_2萃取法)相比,无论提取时间还是菊糖得率都有明显的提升。     

超临界流体提取金银花中总黄酮研究初报

为探讨采用超临界CO2萃取技术萃取金银花中总黄酮的工艺条件;采用分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,考察压力、温度、时间和夹带剂对总黄酮提取率的影响,并同热醇浸泡提取法、微波提取法和超声提取法的得率进行比较;得到超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为：压力30Mpa、温度40℃、时间120min和夹带剂用量4.5ml/g时,提取得率最高。同热醇浸泡提取法、微波提取法和超声提取法相比,其总黄酮得率分别为8.92%、9.56%、9.32%、和10.24%;超临界CO2提取方法同其他方法相比,得率高、时间短,是一种合适的提取金银花中总黄酮的方法。     

超临界CO2流体萃取瑞香狼毒根部油脂工艺条件的优化

【研究目的】本实验采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取瑞香狼毒根部油脂,并确立其工艺条件【方法】通过单因素试验及正交试验,对CO2流量、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、分离温度、分离压力等条件进行了优化。【结论】在试验范围内,各影响因素对瑞香狼毒根部油脂得率作用的大小依次为：萃取压力＞分离压力＞萃取温度＞分离温度。超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取瑞香狼毒根部油的最佳工艺参数为：CO2流量21L/h,萃取时间为100min,萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度46°C,分离温度45°C、分离压力5.5Mpa。在此最佳工艺条件下,瑞香狼毒根部油脂萃取率达到3.57%。     

超临界流体CO2萃取姬松茸酚类物质的研究

摘要：本文采用超临界流体CO2萃取技术,研究超临界萃取姬松茸酚的最佳工艺。对影响超临界CO2萃取酚类物质的各种因素进行了单因素试验研究,并优选指标进行正交试验研究,得到较适宜的萃取工艺条件为：夹带剂为60%乙醇,萃取温度75℃、萃取压力40MPa、CO2流量为20L/h、夹带剂用量120mL。然后再进行了动态萃取与静态萃取的比较,得出先静态萃取1h后再动态萃取1h,萃取率最高,酚类物质的得率达2.431%。超临界流体CO2萃取较优化后的乙醇浸提法姬松茸酚得率高出14%,且夹带剂用量少,萃取时间短,萃取效率高。     

水菖蒲不同提取物对德国小蠊的生物活性比较

分别比较了水菖蒲根茎5种不同溶剂和4种不同提取方法的提取物对德国小蠊3龄若虫和雄成虫的杀虫活性。先考察了水菖蒲根茎甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚5种有机溶剂冷浸提取物的触杀活性,结果表明水菖蒲甲醇浸提物对德国小蠊具有更好的杀虫活性。在浓度22 mg/ml处理120 h后,德国小蠊3龄若虫、雄成虫死亡率分别达到96.67%和100%。后研究了冷浸法、索式提取法、超声波萃取、超临界CO2萃取4种方法得到的水菖蒲提取对德国小蠊的触杀活性。浓度10 mg/ml超临界CO2萃取物处理24 h后,德国小蠊3龄若虫、雄成虫死亡率分别为96.25%和78.75%。结果表明超临界CO2萃取物对德国小蠊具有更优的杀虫活性     

大蒜精油的超临界CO2萃取及GC-MS分析

为探讨采用超临界CO2萃取技术萃取大蒜精油的工艺条件及分析其组成 ;研究了超临界CO2萃取大蒜精油时,萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和萃取时间对大蒜精油萃取率的影响,并采用气-质联用方法（GC-MS）分析了大蒜精油的组成。结果表明: 最佳萃取条件为萃取压力30Mpa、萃取温度45℃、CO2流量10kg/h、萃取时间80min;GC-MS分析确定了大蒜中24种化学成分,其中含量较高的为含硫化合物。     

超声强化超临界CO2萃取柞蚕油工艺及其产业化经济分析

为了更好地开发利用柞蚕资源,以生产运行的1.6 t/a(吨/年)超声强化超临界CO2萃取(USCE)柞蚕油生产线作为案例,分析了USCE柞蚕油生产线的技术、经济及环境指标成本所占生产过程单元的比例。分析结果表明,USCE柞蚕油技术相比传统的压榨法、溶剂提取法可有效地解决功能性物质的变性问题,柞蚕油萃取得率达13.88%,生产过程中的单位能耗为1.77×105 kJ/t;CO2排放0.28 t/t;生产成本15 100元/t。比超临界CO2萃取(SCE)制备柞蚕油提高萃取得率17%,节约生产成本24%左右,降低生产能耗34%,具有大规模工业化生产应用的前景。     

超临界流体萃取芦荟多糖的研究

通过超临界CO2流体萃取处理芦荟多糖,多糖得率为85.1%,是传统方法的1.5倍。超临界萃取的最佳工艺条件是乙醇用量为250mL/100g芦荟、萃取压力为25MPa、萃取温度为35℃。     

超临界CO_2萃取杜仲翅果油研究

为优化超临界CO_2萃取杜仲翅果油工艺参数,以杜仲翅果为原料,杜仲翅果油萃取得率为考察指标,采用控制单一变量法,分别确定超临界CO_2萃取杜仲翅果籽油的最佳萃取温度、萃取压力、分离温度及分离时间,再通过正交试验及验证性试验,优化筛选最佳提取工艺。结果表明,影响超临界CO_2萃取杜仲翅果油得率的影响因素大小次序为:萃取温度萃取时间萃取压力分离温度,最优萃取工艺技术参数为萃取温度35℃、萃取压力35 MPa、分离温度45℃、分离时间50 min,在该工艺参数下,杜仲翅果油的得率为14.73%,其中α-亚麻酸含量为61.37%。     

超临界CO2萃取大蒜素的研究

以大蒜汁为原料,研究影响超临界CO2萃取技术提取大蒜素的因素,包括萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量等.通过正交试验,确定超临界CO2萃取大蒜素的工艺参数:萃取压力为15 MPa,萃取温度为30℃,CO2流量为30 m3/h,大蒜素萃取率达0.35％,其中大蒜素含量为46％.     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.