Outbreaks of Mass Reproduction of Siberian Moth in the 2nd Half of the 20th Century in Priamurye

Siberian moth Dendcrolimus superans sibiricus Tschetw. is the main important insect pest not only in Siberian coniferous taiga, but it often forms foci of mass reproduction in larch stands in the Russian Far East. This article has described outbreaks of the Siberian moth and other insect pests since 1960 till now.     

Effects of deforestation on microbial diversity in a Siberian larch(Larix sibirica) stand in Mongolia

For evaluating microbial community changes in a Siberian larch stand disturbed by forest fire or clearcutting,357 clones were randomly selected and sequenced using a culture-independent approach and 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the bacterial composition and diversity from the different disturbed Siberian larch stands.Interestingly,the burned larch stand had an increase in the relative amounts of b-proteobacteria and Firmicutes and a decrease in Acidobacteria,while Gemmatimonadetes increased Verrucomicrobia decreased in the harvested larch stand.Microbial diversity and richness were higher in the undisturbed larch stand than the disturbed(burned or clear-cut)larch stands,and the influence of clear-cutting was more negative than that of the forest fire.This study indicates that evaluating the microbial diversity of undisturbed,burned,and clear-cutting Siberian larch stands provides information about the impact of forest disturbances on soil microbial communities,which may be helpful for understanding and evaluating soil health and devising reafforestation strategies for larch.     

东北地区主要乔灌木树种汉英拉名称(二)

(10)桴树Glandbearing Oak 或Japanese Quercus glandulifera Bl.Silkworm Oak(11)大果栎Bur Oak,Mossy—cup White Quercus macrocarpa Michx.Oak 或Overcup Oak (栽)(12)沼栎Pin Oak 或Swamp Spanish Quercus palustris Muenchh.Oak, (栽)10.榆科Elm Family, Ulmaceae(1)刺榆David Hemiptelea, Hemiptelea davidii Planch(2)榆Dwarf Elm,或Siberian Ulmus pumila L.     

Amino acid profiles and protein quality of Siberian apricot(Prunus sibirica L.) kernels from Inner Mongolia

Siberian apricot(Prunus sibirica L.) is a traditional nut tree species in East Asia and Siberia and is a possible contribution to healthy diets.However,it has attracted little research attention and information on the nutritional value of its kernel is limited.In this study,the profile,nutritional value and variation of amino acids were investigated in eight provenances.The kernels contained29×10~(-2) g/g protein and were rich in glutamic acid(26.5%),aspartic acid(11.3%) and arginine(10.1%).They showed higher essential amino acids(EAA) than similar protein values for almonds.The variation coefficients of amino acids ranged from 3.8 to 43.7%,and the levels of seven amino acids were significantly different among the eight provenances.The proportion of essential amino acids to total amino acids and amino acid score were also quite different.Protein was negatively correlated with some amino acids and protein quality values.In conclusion,there were two superior provenances(Wanjiagou and Horinger County) with high EAA contents and protein quality,and could be used in the large-scale development of this species.     

The forecast of fire impact on Pinus sylvestris renewal in southwestern Siberia

Simulation of fire impact on forest floor renewal in pine forests was based on predictions for 2100 by the Canadian Climate Centre for increase in temperatures of by4.5℃ and total precipitation by 14% in the West Siberian pre-forest-steppes and empirical regression relationships between them and the degree of burnt forest floor,as well as amount of Pinus sylvestris L.regeneration.It was predicted that by 2100,pine regeneration on fire prone sites under the canopy of the dominant forest type will increase by 29-54% compared to the 1980 s but on adjacent open sites,regeneration will decrease twice as much.This means that the regeneration potential and pine population stability in pre-forest-steppes will become as poor as it is today.     

The use of artificial nest boxes by Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) in South Korea

In this study, we examined the use of artificial nest boxes by Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) in three coniferous and mixed forests in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Six hundred and twelve boxes with different sized entry holes (ranging from 3 to 7 cm in diameter) were placed in the forests between 2004 and 2009. Pteromys volans used nine boxes in the coniferous forests and two boxes in the mixed forests. The squirrels only used boxes with entrance holes measuring 3.5, 4, and 5 cm in diameter, showing a strong and moderate preference for boxes with 5 and 4-cm holes, respectively, and a strong avoidance for boxes with 3- and 7-cm holes. Therefore, we suggest placing artificial nest boxes with entrance holes 5 cm in diameter to encourage breeding activity. Most nests made in the artificial boxes were composed of fibrous materials from woody vines. We recommend placing artificial nest boxes with holes of 5-cm diameter in coniferous forests, which support dense populations of P. volans, to survey whether this approach would positively affect the breeding habits and population maintenance of this species.     

Modelling of the spread of a potential invasive pest,the Siberian moth （Dendrolimus sibiricus） in Europe

Background： The Siberian moth （Dendrolimus sibiricus） （SM） defoliates several tree species from the genera Larix, Piceo and Abies in northern Asia, east of the Urals. The SM is a potential invasive forest pest in Europe because Europe has several suitable host species and climatic conditions of central and northern Europe are favourable for the SM.
Methods： This study developed a grid-based spatio-temporal model for simulating the spread of the SM in case it enters Europe from Russia via border stations. The spread rate was modeled as a function of the spatial distribution of host species, climatic suitability of different locations for the SM, human population density, transportation of moth-carrying material, and flying of moths from tree to tree.
Results and conclusions： The simulations showed that the SM is most likely to spread in the forests of northeast Belarus, the Baltic countries, and southern and central Finland. Climatic conditions affected the occurrence of the SM more than human population density and the coverage of suitable host species.     

Genetic variation and selection of introduced provenances of Siberian Pine （Pinus sibirica） in frigid regions of the Greater Xing’an Range,Northeast China

Siberian Pine （Pinus sibirica） is an ecologically and eco-nomically important species in pristine forests throughout northern Rus-sia. Four provenances of P. sibirica were introduced from Mongolia and Russia to the Greater Xing’an Range （the Daxing’anling）, northeast China in 1993. The aim of this research was to study genetic variation and selection of the introduced four Pinus sibirica provenances. Heights （H）, basal diameters （BD）, survival rates （SR） and crown lengths （CL） of different families were measured as primary outcomes in different growth years. Results of data analyses demonstrated high coefficients of phenotypic variation （PCV） and heritability （H2） for H, BD and CL at 18 years after introduction. PCV and H2 increased with age. Correlations of＆amp;nbsp;growth traits between any two growth years were all significantly positive, but the correlation coefficient was smaller when the growth year interval was larger. Correlations between H and the original environment factors decreased gradually, indicating that with long-term subsistence in the new environment, the influence of the source environment declined. Colligation of multiple traits to estimate provenances showed that Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Altai Mountains had higher survival rates and biomass, and proved more suitable for introduction and plantation in the Greater Xing’an Range in China.     

Carbon fluxes and their response to environmental variables in a Dahurian larch forest ecosystem in northeast China

The Dahurian larch forest in northeast China is important due to its vastness and location within a transitional zone from boreal to temperate and at the southern distribution edge of the vast Siberian larch forest. The continuous carbon fluxes were measured from May 2004 to April 2005 in the Dahurian larch forest in Northeast China using an eddy covariance method. The results showed that the ecosystem released carbon in the dormant season from mid-October 2004 to April 2005, while it assimilated CO2 from the atmosphere in the growing season from May to September 2004. The net carbon sequestration reached its peak of 112 g.m^-2.month ^-1 in June 2004 （simplified expression of g （carbon）.m^-2.month^-1） and then gradually decreased. Annually, the larch forest was a carbon sink that sequestered carbon of 146 g-m^-2.a^-1 （simplified expression of g （carbon）.m^-2.a^-1） during the measurements. The photosynthetic process of the larch forest ecosystem was largely affected by the vapor pressure deficit （VPD） and temperature. Under humid conditions （VPD 〈 1.0 kPa）, the gross ecosystem production （GEP） increased with increasing temperature. But the net ecosystem production （NEP） showed almost no change with increasing temperature because the increment of GEP was counterbalanced by that of the ecosystem respiration. Under a dry environment （VPD 〉 1.0 kPa）, the GEP decreased with the increasing VPD at a rate of 3.0 μmol.m^-2.s^-1kPa -1 and the ecosystem respiration was also enhanced simultaneously due to the increase of air temperature, which was linearly correlated with the VPD. As a result, the net ecosystem carbon sequestration rapidly decreased with the increasing VPD at a rate of 5.2 μmol.m^-2.s-1.kPa^-1. Under humid conditions （VPD 〈 1.0 kPa）, both the GEP and NEP were obviously restricted by the low air temperature but were insensitive to the high temperature because the observed high temperature value comes within the category of the optimum range.     

河南省平原各市(地)、县(区)林网、间作控制率未达标单位统计表

.一一月r.日.甲..尸,r单位:个、%一髻磊还脸小于7070一79 .980一84 .9县数合计891027安阳市安阳市郊(63.0)1焦作市温县(68.5)武涉(69 .3)解放区(66.7)孟县(70 .1)中站区(76 .3)沁阳(82 .8)马村区(83 .5)修武(84 .2)8新乡市获嘉(77.7)北站区(83 .7)长垣(81 .0)3洛阳市堰师(57.0)1许昌市魏都区(44.3,》许昌县(81.5)焉阵陵(81 .6)3深河市邸城(70,0)舞阳(71 .0)2平顶山市舞钢市(82 .0)新华区(82 .0)2商丘市永城(81 .6)1南阳市社旗(34 .0)邓州(58 .2)镇平(79.0)卧龙区(75.0)唐河(70,0)新野(70.3)6(本表数据统计截止时间为1 997年6月30日)河南省平…     

浙江悬钩子属植物新变型及新记录

报道了浙江悬钩子属(Rubus Linn)植物4个变型,其中重瓣蓬蘽(R.hirsutus Thunb.form plenus Z.H.Chen,G.Y.Li et M.H.Mao)和宁波三花莓(R.trianthus Focke form.pleiopetalus Z.H.Chen,G.Y.Li et D.D.Ma)为新变型,多瓣蓬蘽R.hirsutus Thunb.form harai(Makino)Ohwi)为中国分布新记录,重瓣山莓(R.corchorifolius Linn.f.form semiplenus Z.X.Yu)为浙江分布新记录。     

滇东北植物区系新资料

2015年对滇东北地区进行植物资源调查,发现并报道了滇东北新记录植物10种5变种,隶属于15科15属,15个属都为新纪录,即丁茜属(Trailliaedoxa)的丁茜(T.gracilis)、九节属(Psychotria)的驳骨九节(P.prainii)、青藤属(Illigera)的红花青藤(I.rhodantha)、栀子皮属(Itoa)的栀子皮(I.orientalis)、蓝雪花属(Ceratostigma)的岷江蓝雪花(C.minus)、梭罗树属(Reevesia)的梭罗树(R.pubescens)、臭椿属(Ailanthus)的刺臭椿(A.vilmoriniana)、黄栌属(Cotinus)的粉背黄栌(C.coggygria var.glaucophylla)、大参属(Macropanax)的短梗大参(M.rosthornii)、密花树属(Rapanea)的平叶密花树(R.faberi)、白菊木属(Gochnatia)的白菊木(G.decora)、姜花属(Hedychium)的黄姜花(H.flavum)、百部属(Stemona)的大百部(S.tuberosa)、嘉榄属(Garuga)的白头树(G.forrestii)、诃子属(Terminalia)的光叶滇榄仁(T.franchetii var.glabra)。     

灯谜

1.对牛弹琴(政界用语一)2.三尺枝头绽繁英(食品名一)3.字典始终查不出(体操用语二)4.河西走到河东(植物名一)5.宴席未散,车辆绕道(俗语一)6孤掌难鸣(商业用语一)7.呱呱坠地(新词一)     

科技期刊（森林有害生物）题录选

有害动物松材线虫病致病机理和防治技术研究进展.王敏敏,等.南京林业大学学报,2006(2):103-107.荔枝园昆虫群落优势功能团的季节演变及其相关性.黄衍章,等.中南林学院学报,2006(1):28-32.标准海塘白蚁综合治理.宋晓钢,等.浙江林学院学报,2006(1):85-88.两种线小卷蛾对落叶松人工林生长的影响.毕华明,等.河北林果研究,2006(1):81-82.云南松害虫分类研究.史胜利,等.西南林学院学报,2006(1):35-43.陕北林地啮齿动物群落多样性研究.韩崇选,等.西北林学院学报,2006(1):99-104.五种林木蚜虫的RAPD分析.张翔,等.西北林学院学报,2006(1):105-106.…     

产于浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区的浙江种子植物新资料

报道了发现于浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区的浙江分布新记录植物,共2种2变种,分别是黑花紫菊(菊科Asteraceae)Notoseris melanantha (Franch.) C. Shih,根茎水竹叶(鸭跖草科Commelinaceae)Murdannia hookeri (C.B. Clarke) Brückner,细柄针筒菜(唇形科Lamiaceae)Stachys oblongifolia Benth. var. leptopoda (Hayata)C.Y. Wu,小颖短柄草(禾本科Poaceae)Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv. var. breviglume Keng。鉴于红花假婆婆纳(报春花科Primulaceae)Stimpsonia chamaedryoides Wright ex A. Gray form. rubriflora J.Z. Shao与其模式变型在花梗长度、花色、花冠及裂片长度、果梗长度上有明显区别,将其提升为变种S. chamaedryoides var. rubriflora(J.Z. Shao) Y.L. Xu et D.L. Chen,并作了新组合。     

EXPERT SYSTEM FOR COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT TOBRIDGE SERVICE PROPERTY USING FUZZY THEORY

PREFACE'Amonghighwaybridgesthercstandcon-siderableunfitbridges.Therefore,itismoreimPortanthowtoevaluatethebearingcapacityandtheseheceproPertyofthebridgesproPerly.Inordertoknowwhetherthebridgesneedrepairingornot,itisurgenttosetupacertainstandardfortheoldbridges.ltiswellknownthatbeemethodsareaPpliedintheassessmentofthebridget(l)evaluahngthebridgebyvisualinsPeCtion,(2)evaluatingthebridgebythetheoreticalanaly-sis,(3)evaluatingthebridgebyloadtesting.Althoughthefirstmethodiseasytodo,thcconclusi…     

Nutritive value of introduced bamboo species in the northwestern Himalayas,India

Bamboos are used extensively for a variety of purposes, and many new species have been introduced to the northwestern Himalaya. However, their potential as a fodder species has not been investigated. Six bamboo species, namely Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gamble, Dendrocalamus asper(Schult. and Schult.f.) Backer ex K.Heyne, Melocanna baccifera(Roxb.) Kurz, Phyllostachys aurea Riviére and C. Riviére, Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb and Zucc. and Phyllostachys pubescens(Pradelle)Mazel ex J. Houz. were evaluated for their nutritional value, relative palatability and best lopping time. Dry matter(DM), ether extract(EE), and crude fibre varied from(37.0–67.7)%,(4.7–7.6), and(22.1–37.9)%, respectively. Values of crude protein ranged from(12.2–17.1)%,total ash(TA) from(11.8–21.5)%, acid insoluble ash(AIA)from(0.3–0.5)%, nitrogen free extract from(31.1–40.8)%,carbohydrates from(57.0–69.0)%, organic matter(OM) from(78.5–88.2)%, calcium from(1.7–2.3)%, phosphorus from(0.4–0.8)%, potassium from,(0.9–1.6)%, magnesium from(0.5–0.9)%, sodium from(603.7–1072.7) 9 10~(-6) and vitamin A from(21.1–30.5) 9 10~(-2) mg/g, respectively. D.hamiltonii had maximum values for DM, EE, TA and AIA.OM and vitamin A were highest in M. baccifera. CF and carbohydrates were maximized in P. aurea and CP in P.pubescens. All the values obtained for different bamboo species were less than maximum tolerable concentration of common feed resources of the region thereby indicating their suitability for nutrition and palatability. The contents of anti-nutritional factors, namely hydrocyanic acid and tannin ranged from(33.8–61.7) 9 10~(-2) mg/g and(0.7–1.9)%, respectively. P. pubescens was the best species from a palatability point of view and has maximum crude protein content(17.2%), Ca(2.3%) and lowest tannin content(0.7%). The relative palatability of introduced bamboo species followed trend: P. pubescens(97.6%) [ D. hamiltonii(92.5%) [ P. bambusoides(81.2%) [ D. asper(76.9%) [ M. baccifera(75.9%) [ P.aurea(73.4%). The optimum months for lopping these species for green leaves are November and December, as the nutritional value declines sharply thereafter.     

科技期刊(森林有害生物)题录选

有害动物竹色蚜研究初报.胡国良,等.竹子研究汇刊,2005(1):37-38.阿维菌素防治黄褐天幕毛虫试验.冉亚丽,等.辽宁林业科技,2005(2):18-19.松瘿小卷蛾化学防治的探讨.石铁嵩,等.防护林科技,2005(2):79-80.柳乌蠹蛾的生物学特性及防治.李冰,等.吉林林业科技,2005(2):24-25.利用M-18型飞机喷洒高效生物药剂防治落叶松毛虫的研究.孙成明,等.吉林林业科技,2005(2):26-31.云南松毛虫防治指标的研究.张家胜,等.林业科技,2005(2):21-24.松瘿小卷蛾发生期测报的研究.王永强,等.林业科技,2005(2):25-26.青杨虎天牛的发生特点及防治技术.柳桂雪,等.林业…     

科技期刊(森林有害生物)题录选

有害动物萧氏松茎象防治技术研究.龚志海,等.广东林业科技,2006(1):52-55.银杏超小卷叶蛾生物学特性、防治技术研究与示范.杨春生,等.广西林业科学,2006(1):14-17.不同药剂对梨木虱的防治效果.王喜林,等.甘肃林业科技,2006(1):49-50.林业有害生物杨干象危险性分析.宋子英,等.甘肃林业科技,2006(1):51-52.铁丝索套捕杀野兔试验研究.陈小兰.甘肃林业科技,2006(1):57-59.溧水杉木频繁枯死原因及治理对策调查研究.甘玉英.江苏林业科技,2006(1):25-26.栗绛蚧预测预报技术研究.王利忠,等.江苏林业科技,2006(1):27-29.重灾区松材线虫病的治理试验.…     

元宵游艺宫

一、灯谜:1.大江南北,长城内外,万里春光共长天。(词语一)2.神州生色,九州飞花,锦绣江山万紫千红。(词语一)3.非典过后家家乐。(甘肃地名一)4.过了羊年生贵子。(两字俗语)5.千年古木做新门。(称谓一)6.喜有爱妻来帮忙。(三字俗语)7.欲说分手泪汪汪。(三字俗语)8.没事找事有饭吃。(四字新词)9.十字路口亮红灯。(词语一)10.上有八,下有八,左有八,右有八,从中减二还有八。(字一)11.有暇日已落,人来正休闲。(字一)12.买到必卖,卖掉必买。(字一)13.田中有,园中无,胃中有,肠中无,想找也不费工夫。(字一)14.清贫才子装大款。(化妆品一)15.未接来电。(三字口语)16.组装电脑。(成语一)17.伊拉克战争。(《三十六计》名一) ?6.第一个抱起新人的女性是谁?7.每天起床之后,哪几件事需要从头做起?8.从巴格达打美国空军司令部,打什么最快?9.一项调查显示:众人中,有三分之一在上面,三分之二在基层。你知道基层有多少人吗?为什么?10.无论是皇帝还是总统,他们在一生中也有哭的时候,请问,他们在什么时候会毫无顾忌地哭出声来?四、爆笑猜...