Visualization of nucleolar genes

The presence of extrachromosomal nucleoli in amphibian oocytes has permitted isolation and electron microscopic observation of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA precursor molecules. Visualization of these genes is possible because many precursor molecules are simultaneously synthesized on each gene. Individual genes are separated by stretches of DNA that apparently are not transcribed at the time of synthesis of precursor rRNA in the extrachromosomal nucleoli.     

6个已克隆水稻白叶枯病抗性基因及其作用机理(综述)

水稻白叶枯病由Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae( Xoo)致病菌引起,导致水稻减产甚至绝收.到目前为止,已有30多个白叶枯病抗性基因被发现,其中仅有Xa1,Xa21,Xa23,X3/Xa26,Xa27,xa5和xa13等基因被克隆.文章概述了其中6个(除Xa23)已克隆抗病基因的结构、表达产物及其作用机理的研究进展,指出该方面研究存在的问题,分析了原因.     

Paradoxical action of solvents on bacterial and liver beta-glucuronidases

Dichloromethane and chloroform have been found to inhibit the action of liver beta-glucuronidase on phenolphthalein glucuronic acid at concentrations which produce a considerable enhancement of bacterial beta-glucuronidase. Other solvents, including n-butanol, benzene, and toluene, have very little effect on the liver enzyme but nevertheless potentiate the bacterial enzyme.     

水稻抗白叶枯病相关基因的亚细胞定位

利用亚细胞定位技术对水稻抗白叶枯病相关基因的表达产物进行了分析,为基因功能分析提供了重要信息。通过前期基因芯片筛选、半定量/定量PCR的验证及基因功能注释,从高抗白叶枯病水稻品种Y73中筛选了18个潜在的与抗白叶枯病相关的基因,并在烟草叶片细胞中进行亚细胞定位分析。通过观察融合有绿色荧光标记(sGFP)的表达产物,初步了解这些基因在烟草细胞中的表达位置。经过激光共聚焦显微镜观察后发现: 其中4个基因的 sGFP 融合蛋白定位于细胞核上,可能发挥了转录因子的功能;4个基因的 sGFP 融合蛋白定位于细胞质膜上,推测可能与细胞质膜的稳定或控制蛋白转运相关;4个基因的 sGFP 融合蛋白同时定位于细胞核和细胞质膜上;另有6个基因的 sGFP 融合表达后没有观察到明显的定位信号。     

马铃薯抗青枯病相关基因的研究进展

马铃薯是重要的粮菜兼用作物,但其受青枯病的影响严重,一直以来没有根本的防治措施。随着分子生物学的发展,利用基因工程技术研究抗青枯病相关基因的功能,进而进行遗传转化,培育抗病品种（系）将成为一条经济有效的途径。本文在前期研究的基础上对几种抗青枯病相关基因的研究进展、RNAi技术在研究基因功能中的作用以及农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术的应用等进行了综述。     

中药对大肠杆菌抑制作用及耐药性诱导作用的研究

本文研究了黄芩等10味中药及复方对大肠杆菌的抑制效果,并研究了在中药选择性压力下传代培养200代的大肠杆菌对中药及抗菌药物敏感性的变化。结果发现,黄芩对大肠杆菌抑制作用最强,其最低抑菌浓度(M IC)为31 mg/mL,黄芩分别与连翘、秦皮、蒲公英的组合以及秦皮与连翘的组合均有协同作用。传代菌对中药不易形成耐药性,耐药株经中药作用后对某些抗菌药物的敏感性有所提高,而标准菌株的敏感性基本不变。     

水稻抗白叶枯病基因全基因组关联分析

对水稻多样性群体(RDP–I)中的216份种质接种白叶枯生理小种P2并进行抗性鉴定,发现温带粳稻亚群平均抗性水平最高,其平均病斑长度最短;奥斯稻亚群平均抗性水平最低,平均病斑长度最长。通过全基因组关联作图鉴定了分布在水稻第1、2、4、6、7、8、9、10、11、12号染色体上的59个QTL,这些位点包含5个已知的抗白叶枯病基因。从较高阈值SNP位点以及附近2Mb区段进行候选基因的预测,筛选出40个抗白叶枯病相关基因,并最终鉴定出16个抗性较好的水稻种质资源。     

Genes lost and genes found: evolution of bacterial pathogenesis and symbiosis

Traditionally, evolutionary biologists have viewed mutations within individual genes as the major source of phenotypic variation leading to adaptation through natural selection, and ultimately generating diversity among species. Although such processes must contribute to the initial development of gene functions and their subsequent fine-tuning, changes in genome repertoire, occurring through gene acquisition and deletion, are the major events underlying the emergence and evolution of bacterial pathogens and symbionts. Furthermore, pathogens and symbionts depend on similar mechanisms for interacting with hosts and show parallel trends in genome evolution.     

Pyramiding blast,bacterial blight and brown planthopper resistance genes in rice restorer lines

Rice blast, bacterial blight(BB) and brown planthopper(BPH) are the three main pests of rice. This study investigated pyramiding genes resistant to blast, BB and BPH to develop restorer lines. Ten new lines with blast, BB and/or BPH resistance genes were developed using marker-assisted selection(MAS) technique and agronomic trait selection(ATS) method. Only HR13 with resistance genes to blast, BB and BPH was obtained. In addition to blast and BB resistance, four lines(HR39, HR41, HR42, HR43) demonstrated moderate resistance to BPH, but MAS for BPH resistance genes were not conducted in developing these four lines. These data suggested that there were unknown elite BPH resistance genes in the Zhongzu 14 donor parent. A more effective defense was demonstrated in the lines with Pi1 and Pi2 genes although the weather in 2012 was favorable to disease incidence. Blast resistance of the lines with a single resistance gene, Pita, was easily influenced by the weather. Overall, the information obtained through pyramiding multiple resistance genes on developing the restorer lines is helpful for rice resistance breeding.     

普通野生稻抗细菌性条斑病基因的遗传分析与定位

【目的】挖掘水稻Oryza sativa L.抗细菌性条斑病(Bacterial leaf streak, BLS)主效基因,为丰富水稻抗病基因资源和培育水稻抗病品种奠定基础。【方法】建立作图群体,对普通野生稻Oryza rufipogon Griff抗源‘DY19’抗BLS的基因采用集团分离分析法进行遗传分析,用SSR分子标记对其抗病基因bls2进行初步定位。【结果】F2群体中抗病与感病单株符合1∶3的理论分离比例,说明普通野生稻抗源‘DY19’的抗BLS符合单基因遗传模式,受1对主效隐性基因bls2控制。初步将该基因定位在第2号染色体分子标记SL03(23 474 851 bp)与SL04(24 484 154 bp)之间约4 cM区域内,这是一个新的抗BLS基因位点。【结论】普通野生稻抗源‘DY19’对细菌性条斑病的抗性受1对新的主效隐性基因bls2控制,为进一步的精细定位提供参考。     

类固醇代谢相关基因在大鼠肝再生中表达模式和作用分析

为在基因转录水平了解类固醇代谢相关基因在大鼠肝再生(Liver regeneration,LR)中作用,文章通过搜集网站资料和查阅相关论文等方法获得了参与上述代谢活动的基因,用基因芯片检测了它们在大鼠再生肝中表达情况,初步证实上述基因中83个基因与肝再生相关.肝再生启动(PH后0.5～4 h)、G0/GI过渡(PH后4...     

柱状黄杆菌对草鱼TLRs基因表达水平的影响

用柱状黄杆菌Flavobacterium columnare G4株感染草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella,分别在感染1、4、7d后提取感染组和对照组草鱼鳃、脾脏、肝脏、肠道和头肾5种组织的总RNA,并采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测不同组织中Toll样受体3(TLR3)、Toll样受体7(TLR7)和Toll样受体22(TLR22)3个抗病毒免疫基因的表达变化.结果表明:注射柱状黄杆菌7d后,TLR3在草鱼鳃、肝脏、肠道和头肾4种组织中的表达显著上调(P＜0.05);注射柱状黄杆菌4d和7d后,TLR7和TLR22在5种组织中的表达均显著上调(P＜0.05);而注射柱状黄杆菌1d后,TLR22在鳃、脾脏和肝脏组织中的相对表达量就显著上调(P＜0.05).研究表明,TLR3、TLR7和TLR22基因在机体应对细菌感染的免疫反应过程中发挥着重要的作用.     

柱状黄杆菌对草鱼TLRs基因表达水平的影响

用柱状黄杆菌Flavobacterium columnare G4株感染草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella,分别在感染1、4、7 d后提取感染组和对照组草鱼鳃、脾脏、肝脏、肠道和头肾5种组织的总RNA,并采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测不同组织中Toll样受体3(TLR3)、Toll样受体7(TLR7)和Toll样受体22(TLR22)3个抗病毒免疫基因的表达变化。结果表明:注射柱状黄杆菌7 d后,TLR3在草鱼鳃、肝脏、肠道和头肾4种组织中的表达显著上调(P<0.05);注射柱状黄杆菌4 d和7 d后,TLR7和TLR22在5种组织中的表达均显著上调(P<0.05);而注射柱状黄杆菌1 d后,TLR22在鳃、脾脏和肝脏组织中的相对表达量就显著上调(P<0.05)。研究表明,TLR3、TLR7和TLR22基因在机体应对细菌感染的免疫反应过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

翻堆频次对奶牛粪污异位发酵床中抗生素抗性基因及细菌群落的影响

为了探讨翻堆频次对异位发酵床动态堆肥过程中抗生素抗性基因（Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs）、整合子基因（intI1）及细菌群落的影响,设置1 d翻堆1次（T1）和2 d翻堆1次（T2）2种条件,采取qPCR、16S rRNA技术研究了目标基因（tetG、tetW、sul1、sul2、blaTEM-1、ermQ和intI1）及细菌群落的动态变化,并分析ARGs与细菌群落及intI1的关系。结果表明：堆肥后T1和T2组目标基因总相对丰度较0 d时分别降低82.33%和80.46%,其中tetG、tetW、sul1、bla TEM-1、ermQ、intI1相对丰度分别降低16.70%、87.88%、54.60%、>99.99%、97.80%、59.33%和61.33%、99.46%、50.91%、99.29%、82.23%、99.92%。网络分析发现,Trichococcus、Aquabacterium和Clostridiaceae＿Clostridium等是ARGs和intI1的共同潜在宿主菌;冗余分析显示,细菌群落解释了ARGs变化的70.07%,...     

Changes in bacterial community and abundance of functional genes in paddy soil with cry1Ab transgenic rice

A field experiment involving cry1Ab transgenic rice(GM) and its parental non-cry1Ab rice(M) has been on-going since 2014. The diversity of the bacterial communities and the abundance of the microbial functional genes which drive the conversion of nitrogen in paddy soil were analyzed during the growth period of rice in the fifth year of the experiment, using 16 S rRNAbased Illumina Mi Seq and real-time PCR on the amoA, nirS and nirK genes. The results showed no differences in the alpha diversity indexes of the bacterial communities, including Chao1, Shannon and Simpson, between the fields cultivated with line GM and cultivar M at any of the growth stages of rice. However, the bacterial communities in the paddy soil with line GM were separated from those of paddy soil with cultivar M at each of the growth stages of rice, based on the unweighted Uni Frac NMDS or PCoA. In addition, the analyses of ADONIS and ANOSIM, based on the unweighted Uni Frac distance, indicated that the above separations between line GM and cultivar M were statistically significant(P0.05) during the growth season of rice. The increases in the relative abundances of Acidobacteria or Bacteroidetes, in the paddy soils with line GM or cultivar M, respectively, led to the differences in the bacterial communities between them. At the same time, functional gene prediction based on Illumina Mi Seq data suggested that the abundance of many functional genes increased in the paddy soil with line GM at the maturity stage of rice, such as genes related to the metabolism of starch, amino acids and nitrogen. Otherwise, the copies of bacterial amo A gene, archaeal amo A gene and denitrifying bacterial nir K gene significantly increased(P0.05 or 0.01) in the paddy soil with line GM. In summary, the release of cry1Ab transgenic rice had effects on either the composition of bacterial communities or the abundance of microbial functional genes in the paddy soil.     

家蚕肠道感染细菌后6种抗菌肽基因表达的变化

【目的】研究感染绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)后,家蚕中肠和脂肪体中6种抗菌肽基因表达的变化,为家蚕肠道免疫研究提供一定的理论依据。【方法】给家蚕喂食感染绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,以喂生理盐水为对照,利用半定量RT-PCR方法,检测感染不同时间(1,2,4,8,16,24h)后中肠和脂肪体中6种抗菌肽基因表达的变化。【结果】喂食绿脓杆菌1,2h后,中肠中抗菌肽Gloverin2、Lebocin、CecropinB6、CecropinD和Moricin的相对表达量显著上调;喂食金黄色葡萄球菌1,2,4h后,中肠中6种抗菌肽的相对表达量均显著上调。在脂肪体中,感染两种细菌后,仅抗菌肽CecropinD、Moricin和Attacin2相对表达量的变化较为显著。【结论】家蚕在感染不同细菌后所诱导的免疫机制不同。细菌经由口器进入家蚕肠道,可同时引起上皮免疫反应和体液免疫反应。     

三维旅游场景可视化研究

首先建立DEM模型、地物模型、建筑物模型等要素,然后将各要素叠加建立三维旅游场景,再对该场景模型进行缓冲分析、场景自动旋转、沿路线旅游、录制视频等操作,从而达到虚拟旅游的效果。系统运行结果表明该场景效果逼真,运行速度较快,基本可以满足游客需求。     

Visualization of three-dimensional chaos

Most chaotic mixing experiments have been restricted to two-dimensional, time-periodic flows, and this has shaped advances in theory as well. A prototypical, bounded, three-dimensional flow with a moderate Reynolds number is presented; this system lends itself to detailed experimental observation and allows for high-precision computational inspection. The flow structure, captured by means of cuts with a laser sheet (experimental Poincare section), was visualized with the use of continuously injected fluorescent dye streams and revealed detailed chaotic structures with high-period islands.     

Identification of molecular markers linked to rice bacterial blight resistance genes from Oryza meyeriana

Y73 is a progeny of asymmetric somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa cv. Dalixiang and the wild rice species Oryza meyeriana. Inoculation with a range of strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae showed that Y73 had inherited a high level of resistance to rice bacterial blight (BB) from its wild parent. An F₂ population of 7125 individuals was constructed from the cross between Y73 and a BB-susceptible cultivar IR24. After testing 615 SSR and STS markers covering the 12 rice chromosomes, 186 markers were selected that showed polymorphism between Y73 and IR24. Molecular markers linked to the BB resistance genes in Y73 were scanned using the F₂ population and the polymorphic markers. The SSR marker RM128 on chromosome 1, the STS marker R03D159 on chromosome 3 and the STS marker R05D104 on chromosome 5 were found to be linked to the rice BB resistance genes in Y73.     

基于MVC的图算法可视化的实现

文章阐述了使用JAVA编程语言实现图算法的可视化，利用JAVA语言的面向对象特性和MVC模式在JAVA Swing中的应用，以此为基础逐步将图算法在这个框架上一一实现。