香薷的重金属耐性与吸收性研究

采用温室土培盆栽试验和水培试验方法,研究了重金属复合污染条件下香薷的Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb耐性和吸收性.结果表明,土培试验中,各重金属处理条件未对香薷造成毒害,香薷均生长良好,且各处理间生物量无显著差异;香薷地上部Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb浓度最高分别为12.1、100、0.83、11.3 mg/kg.水培试验条件下,Cu 50 μmol/L、Zn 200 μmol/L+Cd 10 μmol/L及Pb 100 μmol/L处理时香薷均生长良好,且生物量与对照均无显著差异,根部Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb浓度最高为2 270、1 648、1 029、25 331 mg/kg; Cu 100 μmol/L处理时香薷生物量显著低于对照,但并未死亡,该处理下香薷叶片丙二醛、还原型谷胱甘肽、可溶性糖浓度均显著高于对照.两组试验表明,香薷对Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb有极强的耐性,是一种良好的可栽种于重金属污染土壤的经济作物.     

Cd、Pb单一及复合污染对花叶冷水花生长的影响及其积累特性研究

以盆栽花叶冷水花为试验材料,用不同浓度的Cd、Pb单一及其复合处理,研究植物的生长变化及其体内Cd、Pb的积累和迁移。结果表明,随着Cd、Pb单一处理浓度的升高,花叶冷水花地上部和根部的干重以及根系耐性指数都表现为先增加后降低;Cd-Pb复合处理各浓度下,生物量均小于对照,根系耐性指数也逐渐变小。在3种处理条件下,花叶冷水花的叶、茎、根对Cd、Pb的吸收都表现为随着处理浓度的升高而上升的趋势,重金属在根内的积累量大于茎和叶;复合处理时,叶、茎、根对Cd、Pb的吸收量相比同水平单一处理时都有不同程度的提高,且地上部Pb迁移总量增幅较大,说明花叶冷水花对修复重金属复合污染的土壤具有一定潜力。     

铜锌铅复合污染土壤上香薷植物的生长和重金属吸收动态

盆栽试验研究了海州香薷和紫花香薷在Cu、Zn、Pb复合污染泥沙土上的重金属耐性与吸收动态。结果发现,在Cu、Zn、Pb全量分别为223、1068、232mg/kg的土壤上,两种香薷植物地上部生物量随生长时间的延长其增长趋势明显,其中叶片积累的生物量略高于茎秆积累的生物量;在整个生长期中重金属含量呈现动态变化,重金属吸收量有增加趋势。     

Cd/Cr复合胁迫下不同品种蔬菜对Cd和Cr积累与转运的差异研究

为筛选土壤重金属复合污染环境下低积累重金属蔬菜的预防品种,提高叶菜类蔬菜质量与安全,本研究采用盆栽试验,比较了Cd/Cr复合胁迫下17个蔬菜品种对重金属Cd和Cr的积累与转运的差异。结果表明,Cd/Cr复合胁迫下,17个蔬菜品种地上部茎叶中Cd和Cr含量差异显著,其含量均值分别为0.645±0.212 mg·kg FW-1和0.222±0.092 mg·kg FW-1,变异系数(CV)分别为32.87%和41.44%;Cd和Cr的转运系数(TF)均值分别为1.031±0.157和0.102±0.028,与对照相比分别增加41.43%和下降37.80%;地上部Cd积累是造成不同蔬菜品种植株生物量下降和耐性差异的主要因子;Cd/Cr复合胁迫下,不同蔬菜品种茎叶中Cd、Cr含量和转运系数的变化与对照相应品种间的变化均呈显著或极显著正相关,表明不同蔬菜品种重金属积累与转运具有遗传稳定性;聚类分析表明,17个蔬菜品种地上部Cd、Cr含量和转运系数由低到高分为4个类群,其中华绿二号(HL2)品种同时具有最低的Cd、Cr积累和转运能力,可推荐其作为Cd/Cr中轻度复合污染土壤环境下的重金属污染预防品种(Cd+Cr-PSC)。本研究为叶菜类蔬菜低积累品种选育及解决中、轻度复合污染土壤的可持续利用和食品安全提供了有效途径。     

紫花苜蓿、黑麦草和狼尾草对Cu、Pb复合污染土壤修复能力的研究

随着经济和社会的发展,土壤重金属污染对粮食安全及人类的身体健康构成了巨大的威胁,而目前对于土壤重金属污染的治理主要以植物修复为主。为了寻找适宜修复Cu、Pb复合污染土壤的牧草,采用盆栽试验法,将试验的植物设置9组处理:1组对照组(CK),不添加任何重金属盐;4组单一污染,即单一Cu低(Cu1,200 mg×kg-1)、高浓度(Cu2 400 mg×kg-1),单一Pb低(Pb1 300 mg×kg-1)、高浓度(Pb2 800 mg×kg-1);4组Cu、Pb复合污染(Cu1Pb1、Cu1Pb2、Cu2Pb1、Cu_2Pb_2)。通过比较紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)的适应能力和富集特征,研究了这3种常见牧草植物对受Cu、Pb复合污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明:1)紫花苜蓿地上部和根部生物量均在Pb1处理组时最大,显著高于其他处理组;黑麦草地上部生物量在Cu1Pb1处理组最大,根部生物量在Pb1处理组最大;狼尾草地上部生物量在Cu_2Pb_2处理组最大,根部生物量在Cu2处理组最大。2)Cu单一污染下,狼尾草抗性系数最大;Pb单一污染下,紫花苜蓿抗性系数最大;Cu-Pb复合污染下,狼尾草的抗性系数较大。高浓度Cu处理组3种牧草植物的地上部生物量、根部生物量和抗性系数均呈现:狼尾草黑麦草紫花苜蓿,且狼尾草显著大于黑麦草和紫花苜蓿。3)种植3种牧草植物后,土壤重金属Cu、Pb含量均有所降低。在一定浓度下,土壤Cu-Pb重金属间会相互促进对方在牧草植物中的吸收。4)3种牧草中紫花苜蓿地上部对Cu的富集系数在Cu_2Pb_2处理组最大,达1.61;黑麦草根部对Cu的富集系数在Cu_2Pb_2处理组最大,达3.80;3种牧草地上部和根部对Pb的富集系数只在黑麦草根部的Cu1Pb1处理组时大于1,达1.46。5)黑麦草对Pb的吸收能力较强,且主要积累在根系;紫花苜蓿对Cu-Pb复合污染综合修复效果最好。紫花苜蓿和黑麦草分别在Cu-Pb复合污染和Pb单一污染土壤中对Pb的转运系数大于1,分别为2.72和2.06,反映其对土壤中的Pb具有富集潜力。综合表明,黑麦草对重金属Pb具有较强的耐性,在Pb单一污染土壤的植物修复及尾矿废弃地的植被重建中,可优先作为选择的材料;紫花苜蓿对重金属Cu、Pb均具有较强的耐性,在重金属Cu单一或Cu-Pb复合污染土壤的植物修复及尾矿废弃地的植被重建中,可优先作为选择的材料。     

EDTA与EDDS螯合诱导印度芥菜吸取修复重金属复合污染土壤研究

盆栽试验比较研究了EDTA和易降解的EDDS对复合污染土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的活化能力及印度芥菜对4种重金属的吸收与转运特征。结果表明:施用量相同的条件下,EDDS活化土壤Cu的能力与EDTA相当;而EDDS活化土壤Zn、Pb、Cd,尤其是活化土壤Pb、Cd的能力小于EDTA,这与两种螯合剂与不同重金属形成螯合物的稳定常数相一致。向复合污染土壤中施入3mmol/kg和6mmol/kgEDDS均可诱导印度芥菜叶中超量积累Cu。本研究中3mmol/kgEDDS的不同施用方式(单次施,分2次和4次施)对印度芥菜叶片Cu含量的影响差异不显著。各处理印度芥菜叶中的重金属浓度要远高于茎中的浓度,茎中的Cu浓度随土壤溶液Cu浓度线性增加,而叶中Cu的浓度随土壤溶液Cu浓度先增加后下降。     

氮硫对腌制叶用芥菜营养品质的影响

通过对不同氮硫处理的两个品种叶用芥菜(雪里蕻和包包青菜)进行腌制加工,研究氮硫对其营养品质的影响。结果表明,增加氮肥量,腌制叶用芥菜的可溶性总糖、还原糖和蔗糖含量显著降低,而其可溶性蛋白质、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量则显著增加;增加硫肥量,腌制叶用芥菜的蔗糖含量、可溶性蛋白质和腌制包包青菜硝酸盐含量显著增加,而叶用芥菜的亚硝酸盐含量则显著降低。两个品种相比较,腌制雪里蕻的还原糖含量、可溶性蛋白质和硝酸盐含量显著高于腌制包包青菜,相反,腌制包包青菜的亚硝酸盐含量则显著高于腌制雪里蕻。品种差异及氮、硫处理对腌制叶用芥菜中营养元素(N、S、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe)含量均有显著影响,并呈现不同的变化规律。     

朝天委陵菜的重金属耐性与吸收性研究

利用植物生长室水培试验和温室土培盆栽试验的方法,研究了朝天委陵菜在不同浓度Pb水培条件下和Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染土壤条件下的重金属耐性和吸收性,结果表明,水培条件下随着处理浓度的增加,朝天委陵菜均生长良好,虽高浓度Pb处理下出现植株矮小、叶渐黄、根系变黑等毒害症状,但植株并未死亡,表明在水培条件下朝天委陵菜对Pb具有极强的耐性;在最高浓度3 600μmol/L Pb处理下地上部和根中Pb浓度达到最大值,分别为947 mg/kg和71 053 mg/kg。在温室土培盆栽条件下,朝天委陵菜在外加Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd分别为200、1 000、1 000和5 mg/kg的土壤上较对照生长受到抑制,地上部Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd浓度分别达到741±164、18 248±2 222、1 543±483和29.4±5.2 mg/kg;外加重金属更高时则导致植株死亡。朝天委陵菜对Pb胁迫和Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染土壤具有较强的耐受性,可作为重金属尤其是Pb污染土壤的修复植物。     

Cd~(2+)处理对几种叶菜可食部分Cd含量及品质的影响

以5种叶菜为材料,采用水培和盆栽试验2种培养方式,测定不同浓度Cd2+处理下叶菜地上部(可食部分)生物量、Cd含量、硝酸盐及纤维素含量等生理与品质指标。结果表明:水培与盆栽培养条件下青菜、塌地乌、小白菜、菠菜及芥菜5种叶菜生物量随着Cd2+处理浓度增加显著降低(P0.05);可食部Cd含量显著升高(P0.05);高浓度水培与盆栽Cd2+处理(40mg.L-1和70mg.kg-1)下,5种叶菜中菠菜Cd含量相对较高,青菜Cd含量较低;随着Cd2+处理浓度增加,5种叶菜硝酸盐及纤维素含量升高,维生素C和可溶性糖含量下降,采用灰度关联综合分析表明,不同浓度Cd2+处理的5种叶菜中,青菜品质相对稳定及Cd含量较低,为Cd低积累品种。     

有机物料对污染土壤上水稻重金属吸收的调控效应

采用重金属污染水稻土开展盆栽试验,研究施用有机碳源、菜籽饼和猪粪对不同水稻(汕优63,简称“SY63”;中浙优1号,简称“ZZY1”)重金属吸收的调控效应.结果表明,在重金属污染土壤上ZZY1具有一定的耐性,相同处理时ZZY1糙米、砻糠、秸秆中重金属含量均低于SY63品种,糙米中Cd含量较SY63低57.5％ ～ 83.8％,Cu含量低37.8％ ～ 69.1％,Zn含量低0.88％ ～ 31.7％,食物链风险较SY63品种低.3种有机物料中,施用菜籽饼使两水稻品种糙米中重金属含量明显低于其他处理;与对照相比,施用菜籽饼使SY63糙米中Cd、Cu和Zn含量降低73.5％、52.6％和32.1％,ZZY1糙米Cd含量降低30.5％.在供试重金属污染土壤上可选择具有一定重金属耐性的水稻品种ZZY1进行粮食生产,同时施用适量的菜籽饼以增强其抵御重金属毒害的能力,降低糙米中Cd、Cu和Zn含量及其食物链污染风险.     

大冶矿区周边农田土壤和油菜重金属污染特征研究

以大冶典型铜矿区为中心,辐射周边农田,探索农田土壤重金属污染特征及重金属在油菜中的积累变化规律。结果表明,以湖北省土壤背景值进行评价,土壤受到重金属不同程度的污染,其中Cd严重超标,Cu次之;采用国家二级标准进行评价,Zn、Cr和Pb未对土壤造成污染。进行内梅罗综合污染指数法评价发现,以土壤背景值为评价标准,各采样点均达到重金属严重污染水平;以国家二级标准评价时,只有2号采样点土壤属于中度污染水平,其他样点土壤都受到了较为严重的重金属污染。矿区农田油菜各部位重金属含量变化幅度较大,包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Co在内的5种重金属含量分布规律都是茎叶〉籽粒≈根,Mn则是籽粒〉茎叶〉根。油菜地上部植株中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量均超出食品卫生标准最高限值,且Cd、Pb超标倍数远大于Cu、Zn。富集系数变化规律为Mn〉Zn〉Cd〉Ni〉Cu〉Pb垌Co。     

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Contribute to Resistance of Upland Rice to Combined Metal Contamination of Soil

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate heavy metal [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] uptake by two upland rice cultivars, ‘91B3’ and ‘277’, grown in a sterilized field soil contaminated by a mixture of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. Rice plants were inoculated with each of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus versiforme (GV), Glomus mosseae (GM), and Glomus diaphanum (GD), or remained noninoculated (NM). Both rice cultivars could be colonized by the three AMF used in this experiment. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization by the three AMFs on the two rice cultivars ranged from 30% to 70%. Mycorrhizal colonization of both upland rice cultivars had a large influence on plant growth by increasing the shoot and root biomass compared with non-inoculated (NM) plants. The results indicate that mycorrhiza exert some protective effects against the combined toxicity of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the contaminated soil. This conclusion is supported by the partitioning of heavy metals (HMs) in the two cultivars. In the two cultivars, colonization by AMF reduced the translocation of HMs from root to shoot (except that the colonization of AMF increased the Cu translocation of HMs in cultivar ‘277’). Immobilization of the HMs in roots can alleviate the potential toxicity to shoots induced by the mixture of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. The two rice cultivars showed significant differences in uptake of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd when uninoculated. GM inoculation gave the most protective effects on the two cultivars under the combined soil contamination.     

Cu‐, Zn‐ und Cd‐Aneignungsvermögen von zwei Spinatgenotypen in Abhängigkeit von der P‐Versorgung und Wurzelexsudation

Cu, Zn, and Cd acquisition by two spinach cultivars depending on P nutrition and root exudation Within a spectrum of 11 spinach cultivars (cvs) differences in the Cu, Zn, and Cd contents of shoots had been noticed. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze in more detail the acquisition of Cu, Zn, and Cd by the most differing cultivars (Tabu and Monnopa) in dependence on P nutrition. The plants were grown in a low phosphorus Luvisol (pH 6.3; total contents Cu: 89, Zn: 297, Cd: 2.4 mg kg^—1) with two phosphorus levels in pots under natural conditions. For the determination of inflow, root length/shoot weight ratio and of the Cu, Zn, and Cd concentration in the soil solution (rhizosphere) plants were harvested 26 and 40 days after sowing. Root exudation of organic acids of the two cvs was measured 35 days after growing in quartz sand with different P supply. Both cultivars responded to P fertilizer by doubling their shoot weight. With increased P supply (0.68—0.77% P in shoot‐DM) both cultivars showed similar heavy metal contents in the shoot resulting from similar root length/shoot weight ratios (RSR) and net uptake rates of the three elements as well as the same element concentrations in the rhizosphere soil solution. Under P deficiency, however, cv. Tabu (0.52% P in shoot‐DM) showed in comparison with cv. Monnopa (0.48% P) higher Cu, Zn, and Cd contents of shoots although its RSR was smaller than that of cv. Monnopa. However, the inflow for Cu was higher and for Zn and Cd significantly higher compared with cv. Monnopa. This result of cv. Tabu corresponded with higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd of its rhizosphere soil solution, and its higher exudation rates of oxalate, citrate, and malate (3.9; 1.0; 0.7 nmol cm^—1 h^—1). The corresponding values for cv. Monnopa were: 1.7; 0.3; 0.4 nmol cm^—1 h^—1. The mobilization of Cu, Zn, and Cd by the excreted organic acids seems to be responsible for the higher Cu, Zn, and Cd inflow of cv. Tabu.     

复合污染土壤中水稻根际元素特性及效应研究

【目的】以广东大宝山重金属复合污染农田为生长介质,通过研究水稻不同部位生长量、 金属含量、 对金属的富集系数,及其与根际、 非根际土金属含量、 形态变化的相关关系,探讨根际效应可能对水稻体内金属积累转运以及生物量的影响。【方法】选取了广东大宝山稻田重金属复合污染(As、 Pb、 Fe、 Cu、 Zn)土壤及当地常见的20个水稻品种进行根际袋试验,即将根际袋内的土视为根际土,根际袋外的土视为非根际土,将供试水稻品种种植于根际袋土壤中60天后收获,测定水稻各部位的生长量、 不同金属的含量,根际土和非根际土中各金属有效态的含量。【结果】Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Zn、 As在根部的富集系数均大于其在茎叶的富集系数,各金属在茎叶和根部的富集能力排序分别为Zn Cu As ≈ Pb ≈ Fe和Fe Zn As Cu Pb。根际土和非根际土中各种金属有效态含量均为Fe Cu Pb Zn As。研究还发现,有效态Fe、 Cu和Zn浓度对整株干重的影响显著,作用强弱顺序为Cu Zn Fe,对水稻生长影响作用显著的三种有效态金属Fe、 Cu和Zn均为植物生长所必需的元素。供试土壤中有效态Cu浓度对水稻的生长所起的作用最强。根际土有效态Fe浓度对根系Fe的积累作用效果显著,有效态As浓度显著抑制了根系Fe的积累,且有效态As浓度的作用强于有效态Fe。【结论】根际土中有效态Fe对株高、 根干重、 茎叶干重和整株干重均起着抑制作用,有效态Cu对水稻生长起到了促进作用。根际土有效态As和非根际土有效态Zn对根部Fe的积累起到了抑制作用,根际土有效态Fe和非根际土有效态Cu则起到了促进作用。非根际土有效态Fe和有效态Zn对水稻根长的增加均起到了促进作用。     

Effect of cadmium toxicity on micronutrient concentration,uptake and partitioning in seven rice cultivars

Heavy metal uptake, translocation and partitioning differ greatly among plant cultivars and plant parts. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) levels (0, 45 and 90 mg kg^?1 soil) on dry matter yield, and concentration, uptake and translocation of Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in seven rice cultivars. Application of 45 mg Cd kg^?1 soil decreased root and shoot dry weight. On average, shoot and root Cd concentrations and uptake increased in all cultivars, but micronutrients uptake decreased following the application of 45 mg Cd kg^?1. No significant differences were observed between 45 and 90 mg kg^?1 Cd levels. On average, Cd treatments resulted in a decrease in Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoots and Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots. Differences were observed in Cd and micronutrient concentrations and uptake among rice cultivars. Translocation factor, defined as the shoot/root concentration ratio indicated that Cu and Fe contents in roots were higher than in shoots. The Mn concentration was much higher in shoots. Zinc concentrations were almost similar in the two organs of rice at 0 and 45 mg Cd kg^?1. A higher Cd level, however, led to a decrease in the Zn concentration in shoots.     

Growth and Metal Accumulation of Mycorrhizal Sorghum Exposed to Elevated Copper and Zinc

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter heavy metal acquisition by higher plants and may alter plant response to soil-contaminating heavy metals. Two communities comprised of Glomus intraradices and G. spurcum were investigated for their influence on copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) resistance of Sorghum bicolor. One community was isolated from a Cu- and Zn-contaminated soil (AMF-C) and one consisted of isolates from non-contaminated soil (AMF-NC). Non-mycorrhizal (NM) sorghum plants were also included. The two community ecotypes differed in their capacity to protect sorghum from Cu and Zn toxicity and exhibited differential metal uptake into hyphae and altered heavy metal uptake by roots and translocation to plant shoots. AMF-C reduced Cu acquisition under elevated Cu conditions, but increased Cu uptake and translocation by sorghum under normal Cu conditions, patterns not exhibited by AMF-NC or NM plants. Hyphae of both fungal ecotypes accumulated high concentrations of Cu under Cu exposure. AMF-C exhibited elevated hyphal Zn accumulation and stimulated Zn uptake and translocation in sorghum plants compared to AMF-NC and NM plants. Differences in metal resistance between fungal treatments and between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were not related to differences in nutrient relations. The enhanced Cu resistance of sorghum and altered patterns of Cu and Zn translocation to shoots facilitated by AMF isolated from the metal-contaminated soil highlight the potential for metal-adapted AMF to increase the phytoremediation potential of mycotrophic plants on metal-contaminated environments.     

赤泥对重金属污染红壤修复效果及其评价

以赤泥作为原位固定剂,采用盆栽试验从土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量,菜心(Brassicaparachinensis)生长及吸收积累Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量3个方面探讨不同赤泥用量对重金属污染红壤的固定修复效果,并用毒性淋出试验TCLP法对其生态风险进行评价。结果表明:菜心在未加赤泥的重金属污染土壤中生长受到严重抑制,在加入赤泥的土壤下生长良好,生物产量显著提高,茎叶干重与赤泥量呈二次相关,5.0mg/kg赤泥处理下菜心产量最大。土壤pH值随赤泥用量的增加而升高,二者呈显著正相关。土壤Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量均与赤泥用量呈显著负相关关系;与未加赤泥相比,土壤Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量降低范围分别为0.9%～34.2%,29.8%～96.8%,59.9%～96.4%,41.1%～92.7%。加入赤泥显著降低菜心茎叶重金属含量,其重金属含量随赤泥用量的增加而降低;与未加赤泥处理相比,茎叶Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量降低分别为68.6%～88.6%,87.3%～96.1%,76.6%～80.3%,79.1%～93.3%。2.5mg/kg赤泥处理下土壤生态风险最小。     

石灰用量对污染红壤和黄泥土中有效态铜锌含量的影响

采用外源加入重金属铜锌硝酸盐的方法,制成铜、锌单一及复合污染的三级污染红壤和黄泥土（Cu 200mg/kg、Zn 400 mg/kg）,稳定一个月,施入低（0.50 g/kg）、中（1.50 g/kg）和高（2.50 g/kg）3种不同用量的石灰,稳定两个月后测定土壤有效态铜、锌含量和pH值,以阐明石灰用量对不同污染土壤中重金属有效态含量的影响。结果表明,随石灰用量的增加,复合污染红壤中有效态铜含量较对照依次降低31%、76%和87%;而石灰用量对黄泥土中有效态铜影响的差异不显著;两种土壤中有效态锌含量均随石灰用量的增加而显著减少;复合污染较单一污染相比,有效态铜及有效态锌的含量差异不显著。在复合污染下,低、中量石灰使黄泥土中有效态铜含量较红壤减少89%和63%,有效态锌减少27%和65%。但加入高量石灰,两种土壤差异不显著。石灰能够降低单一与复合污染铜、锌有效态的含量,但其效果因土壤类型而异,在红壤上选择施用高量石灰而在黄泥土上则适宜施用低中量石灰,以取得最佳的修复效果和效益。     

Genotypic Variation in Shoot Cadmium Concentration in Rice and Soybean in Soils with Different Levels of Cadmium Contamination

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate whether the shoot cadmium (Cd) concentration in 11 rice and 10 soybean cultivars varied among 4 soils with different levels of Cd contamination. Significant differences in shoot Cd concentration were found among rice or soybean cultivars grown in the 4 soils. The ranking of the rice cultivars for the shoot Cd concentration varied considerably among the soils. On the other hand, the soybean cultivars were ranked similarly in terms of shoot Cd concentration in the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations were found between the Cd and Zn concentrations and between the Cd and Mn concentrations in the shoot of rice cultivars, when they were grown in 2 soils with relatively moderate levels of Cd contamination. The shoot Cd concentration in the soybean cultivars, however, was not correlated with the concentrations determined for any of the metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe) across the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations between the concentrations of Cd in younger shoots and mature seeds were detected among the soybean cultivars in 2 soils used, unlike among the rice cultivars, indicating that it may be difficult to evaluate the genotypic variation in seed Cd concentration using relatively younger shoots in the case of rice. These results revealed that genotypic differences in shoot Cd concentration in rice or soybean are variable or invariable among soils, respectively.     

Time-course of heavy metal uptake in maize and clover as affected by root density and different mycorrhizal inoculation regimes

A pot experiment was conducted to test the effect of three microbial regimes on the time course of heavy metal uptake in clover and maize from an industrially polluted soil. The three treatments included: (1) an intact flora of bacteria and fungi, including indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi together with soil microfauna; (2) the indigenous bacterial/fungal flora except AM fungi, reintroduced into sterilized soil; or (3) the same bacterial/fungal flora plus an AM fungus. For the final harvest, two pot sizes were included to assess the effect of root density. Plant uptake of P and heavy metals varied according to plant species, harvest time and soil treatment. For both plant species, shoot concentration of Zn, Cd and Cu decreased and Ni increased with plant age. Plants growing in sterilized soil with reintroduced AM fungi generally grew better, but contained higher concentrations of heavy metals than those colonized by indigenous AM fungi. Plants with mycorrhiza frequently contained more P, Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb in roots and shoots compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. Elevated root/shoot concentration ratios of P and metals indicate a sequestration of metal phosphates in mycorrhizal roots. Mycorrhizal performance was influenced by root density. At low root densities, metal concentrations in mycorrhizal plants were reduced, whereas it had no effect at high root densities when the entire soil volume was efficiently exploited by roots. We conclude that root density data are essential for interpretations of the influence of AM on metal uptake in plants.