Widescale testing of the Crop-meter for site-specific farming

A sensor for measuring crop biomass density has been designed and developed to meet the demands for practical use in site-specific farming. The mechanical sensor named ‘Crop-meter’ is based on the pendulum principle. The suitability and measuring stability of the Crop-meter has been confirmed under field conditions in different regions of Germany. Significant correlations were obtained between Crop-meter signals and soil electrical conductivity (R ²=0.16−0.66) and grain yield (R ²=0.42−0.57). To test the suitability of the Crop-meter for site-specific management, it was used to control variable application rates for nitrogen fertiliser, growth regulators and fungicides in real time. A small increase in yield (3.1%) as well as reduced application rates for agrochemicals (14.6% nitrogen fertilisers; 23.1% fungicides and growth regulators) were proved in large-scale trials.     

A flexible approach to managing variability in grain yield and nitrate leaching at within-field to farm scales

We up-scaled the APSIM simulation model of crop growth, water and nitrogen dynamics to interpret and respond to spatial and temporal variations in soil, season and crop performance and improve yield and decrease nitrate leaching. Grain yields, drainage below the maximum root depth and nitrate leaching are strongly governed by interaction of plant available soil water storage capacity (PAWC), seasonal rainfall and nitrogen supply in the water-limited Mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia (WA). APSIM simulates the interaction of these key system parameters and the robustness of its simulations has been rigorously tested with the results of several field experiments covering a range of soil types and seasonal conditions in WA. We used yield maps, soil and weather data for farms at two locations in WA to determine spatial and temporal patterns of grain yield, drainage below the maximum root depth and nitrate leaching under a range of weather, soil and nitrogen management scenarios. On one farm, we up-scaled APSIM simulations across the whole farm using local weather and fertiliser use data and the average PAWC values of soil type polygons. On a 70 ha field on another farm, we used a linear regression of apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) measured by EM38 against PAWC to transform an EC_a map of the field into a high resolution (5 m grid) PAWC map. We then used regressions of simulated yields, drainage below the maximum root depth and nitrate leaching on PAWC to upscale the APSIM simulations for a range of weather and fertiliser management scenarios. This continuous mapping approach overcame the weakness of the soil polygons approach, which assumed uniformity in soil properties and processes within soil type polygons. It identified areas at greatest financial and environmental risks across the field, which required focused management and simulated their response to management interventions. Splitting nitrogen applications increased simulated wheat yields at all sites across the field and decreased nitrate leaching particularly where the water storage capacity of the soil was small. Low water storage capacity resulted in both low wheat yields and large leaching loss. Another management option to decrease leaching may be to grow perennial vegetation that uses more water and loses less by drainage.Paper from the 5th European Conference on Precision Agriculture (5ECPA), Uppsala, Sweden, 2005     

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Corn Grain Yield: Site-Specific Relationships of Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Inadequate information on factors affecting crop yield variability has contributed to the slow adoption of site-specific farming (SSF). This study was conducted to determine the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the spatial and temporal variability of irrigated corn grain yields and to derive information useful for SSF. The effects of water (80% evapotranspiration (ET) and 50% ET), hybrid (drought-tolerant and -susceptible), elevation, soil index (SI)(texture), soil NO₃–N, arthropods, and diseases on corn grain yield were investigated at Halfway, TX on geo-referenced locations. Grain yields were influenced by interrelationships among biotic and abiotic factors. Grain yields were consistently high under high water treatment, at higher elevations, and on soils with high SI (high clay and silt). Soil NO₃–N increased grain yields when water was adequate. Management zones for variable rate fertilizer and water application should, therefore, be based on information on elevation, SI, and soil NO₃–N. The effects of arthropods, diseases, and crop stress (due to drought and N) on corn grain yield were unpredictable. Spider mite (Oligonychus pratensis) and common smut (Ustilago zeae) damage occurred under hot and dry conditions in 1998. Spider mite infestations were high in areas with high soil NO₃–N. Moderate air temperatures and high relative humidity in 1999 favored southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella) and common rust (Puccinia maydis) incidences. Knowledge of conditions that favor arthropods and diseases outbreak and crop stress can improve the efficiency of scouting and in-season management of SSF. Management of SSF can be improved when effects of biotic and abiotic factors on grain yield are integrated and evaluated as a system.     

Spatial variability and temporal stability of apparent soil electrical conductivity in a Mediterranean pasture

The general objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) the specificity of the spatial and temporal dynamics of apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) measured by a electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor, over 7 years, in variable conditions (of soil moisture content (SMC), soil vegetation cover and grazing management) and, consequently, (ii) the potential for implementing site-specific management (SSM). The DUALEM 1S sensor was used to measure the EC_a in a 6 ha pasture experimental field four times between June 2007 and February of 2013. Soil spatial variability was characterized by 76 samples, geo-referenced with the global positioning system (GPS). The soil was characterized in terms of texture, moisture content, pH, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This study shows a significant temporal stability of the EC_a patterns under several conditions, behavior that is an excellent indicator of reliability of this tool to survey spatial soil variability and to delineate potential site-specific management zones (SSMZ). Significant correlations were obtained in this work between the EC_a and relative field elevation, pH, silt and soil moisture content. These results open perspectives for using the EMI sensor as an indicator of SMC in irrigation management and of needs of limestone correction in Mediterranean pastures. However, it is interesting to extend the findings to other types of soil to verify the origin of the lack of correlation between the EC_a data measured by DUALEM sensor and properties such as the clay, organic matter or phosphorus soil content, fundamental parameters for establishment of pasture SSM projects.     

Estimation of the Importance of Spatially Variable Nitrogen Application and Soil Moisture Holding Capacity to Wheat Production

Crop growth modelling techniques were used to investigate the performance of a wheat crop over a range of weather conditions, nitrogen application rates and soil types. The data were used to predict long term benefits of using spatially variable fertilizer application strategies where fertilizer application rate was matched to the soil type, against a strategy of uniform fertilizer application. The model was also run with modified soil properties to determine the importance of soil moisture holding capacity in the variability of crop yield. It was found that the benefits of spatially variable nitrogen management when fertilizer was applied at the beginning of the season were modest on average. The range of results for different weather conditions was much greater than the average benefit. A large proportion of the variability of crop performance between soil types could be explained by differing soil moisture holding capacity. Devising techniques for managing this variability was concluded to be important for precision farming of cereals.Agricultural Engineering     

轮作对甘薯地线虫群落组成及多样性的影响

针对甘薯茎线虫病严重的多年连种区进行轮作玉米试验,研究连种甘薯、轮作玉米对甘薯地土壤线虫群落种类组成、垂直分布、线虫群落的多样性的影响,其结果共获得3目8科15属线虫。连种甘薯地极优势属为茎属Ditylenchus,甘薯地轮作玉米其极优势属为头叶线虫属Cephalobus、真头叶线虫属Eucephalobus,滑刃Aphelenchoides和真滑刃线虫属Aphelenchus。连种甘薯和轮作玉米地同一土层线虫属数量间没有显著差异,线虫数量间有显著差异;应用Shannon多样性指数、J均匀度指数、SR丰富度指数分析了连种甘薯和轮作玉米地土壤线虫群落的多样性,其中Shannon指数、SR指数最敏感,应用WI指数分析了土壤线虫群落的营养结构,WI指数可反映轮作玉米与连种甘薯间土壤线虫群落结构的差异;轮作可减少植物寄生线虫种类和数量,增加食细菌和食真菌线虫的数量,可改变线虫群落的营养结构。     

A loss function to evaluate agricultural decision-making under uncertainty: a case study of soil spectroscopy

Modern sensor technologies can provide detailed information about soil variation which allows for more precise application of fertiliser to minimise environmental harm imposed by agriculture. However, growers should lose neither income nor yield from associated uncertainties of predicted nutrient concentrations and thus one must acknowledge and account for uncertainties. A framework is presented that accounts for the uncertainty and determines the cost–benefit of data on available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil determined from sensors. For four fields, the uncertainty associated with variation in soil P and K predicted from sensors was determined. Using published fertiliser dose–yield response curves for a horticultural crop the effect of estimation errors from sensor data on expected financial losses was quantified. The expected losses from optimal precise application were compared with the losses expected from uniform fertiliser application (equivalent to little or no knowledge on soil variation). The asymmetry of the loss function meant that underestimation of P and K generally led to greater losses than the losses from overestimation. This study shows that substantial financial gains can be obtained from sensor-based precise application of P and K fertiliser, with savings of up to £121 ha^?1 for P and up to £81 ha^?1 for K, with concurrent environmental benefits due to a reduction of 4–17 kg ha^?1 applied P fertiliser when compared with uniform application.

     

水肥一体化研究进展

【目的】 施肥技术经历了一百多年的发展,目前正处于快速发展阶段。对水肥一体化技术的发展趋势进行了全面的总结和评述,通过减少施肥,减少养分淋失,提高水肥利用率,提高磷、钾等固定元素在土壤中的迁移率。【方法】 顾近50年来水肥一体化技术发展。水肥一体化技术具有提高水分和肥料利用率、有利农业生产可持续发展等诸多优点,不仅能大幅降低肥料用量,减少养分如氮素的淋失损失,增强磷、钾等元素在土壤中的移动性,提高其利用效率,而且还对土壤理化性质有较好的改良作用,保持土壤疏松状态,提高土壤孔隙度,不破坏土壤团粒结构,保持良好的通气性能,有利于作物根系生长发育。水溶肥发展处于非常活跃时期,水溶肥开发趋向于高溶解度、高含量、液态化、全营养的方向发展。综述水肥一体化技术推广应用对化肥减施增效具有重要意义。【结果】 当前,水肥一体化技术发展面临问题:(1)缺乏根据土壤肥力、作物种类、生长时段等为依据个性化订制肥料的发展;(2)水溶肥理化性状与作物种植技术、水肥一体化设施不匹配;(3)水肥一体化技术推广的广度与深度不够。对水肥一体化技术未来发展的展望:应该充分利用水肥一体化装备的便利条件,加强作物营养管理的科学运筹,加强磷钾肥以追施方式施用技术发展,大力推广加注式比例式施肥技术,以提高施肥的精确性。【结论】 加强科学运筹作物营养管理,实施作物生长期动态调控营养管理,推广磷肥以追施的方式施用,使用智能变量施肥管理系统,通过实施水肥一体化技术显著降低化肥用量。     

放牧强度对干旱区高寒草地土壤线虫群落结构的影响

为了解不同放牧强度对巴音布鲁克高寒草地土壤线虫群落结构的影响,以巴音布鲁克高寒草地不同放牧强度(以羊数量计)下的土壤为研究对象,研究了轻度放牧(0.65只·hm-2)、中度放牧(2.09只·hm-2)和重度放牧(4.15只·hm-2)对土壤线虫群落结构的影响.结果 表明:三种放牧强度样地共获得土壤线虫1698条,分属于32科38属,中度放牧强度下土壤线虫数量最多,达22属1427条,重度放牧强度下土壤线虫的种类最多,达到26属191条.轻度放牧和中度放牧的共同优势属为绕线属(Plectus)和前矛线属(Prodorylamus),重度放牧强度下土壤线虫的优势属为丽突属(Acrobeles)和微矛线属(Microdorylaimus).土壤线虫数量主要分布在0～5 cm土层,并随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少;中度放牧强度下食细菌类(Bacterivores)、食真菌类(Fungivores)、植物寄生类(Plant-parasites)和捕食/杂食类(Predators/Omnivores)线虫的数量显著高于轻度放牧和重度放牧.不同放牧强度下,土壤含水量、养分和pH影响土壤线虫数量、群落多样性和功能结构.研究表明,中度放牧强度下土壤线虫个体密度最高,土壤生态系统食物网相对稳定,有利于高寒草地生态系统的维持.     

Management zone delineation using a modified watershed algorithm

Site-specific management (SSM) is a common way to manage within-field variability. This concept divides fields into site-specific management zones (SSMZ) according to one or several soil or crop characteristics. This paper proposes an original methodology for SSMZ delineation which is able to manage different kinds of crop and/or soil images using a powerful segmentation tool: the watershed algorithm. This image analysis algorithm was adapted to the specific constraints of precision agriculture. The algorithm was tested on high-resolution bio-physical images of a set of fields in France.     

沼渣施用对土壤线虫群落结构的影响

为了解沼渣施用对土壤生物环境的影响,以土壤线虫为指示工具,通过盆栽试验对比沼渣(BR)、有机肥(OR)、化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)4个处理下土壤线虫群落结构,评估不同施肥对土壤健康的影响,结果表明:沼渣可极大地刺激r-策略线虫的增长,使得线虫总数高出其他处理。各处理共获得线虫22个属,以食细菌线虫的种类和比例最高,然而不同处理食细菌线虫功能群的组成差异较大,沼渣处理几乎全部为cp值为1的小杆科线虫,有机处理cp1和cp2线虫比例相当,化肥和对照处理则主要是cp2的线虫。植食性线虫在沼渣处理中受到了明显的抑制。利用线虫群落评价不同施肥后的土壤状况,发现施用沼渣的土壤最优,食物网呈结构化,土壤养分富集;而化肥和不施肥对照土壤则表现出一定胁迫的状态。     

Site-specific management: the application of information technology to crop production

Site-specific management (SSM; also called, precision agriculture) is the management of agricultural crops at a spatial scale smaller than that of the whole field. Widespread farmer adoption of SSM practices is contingent on its economic advantage. Three criteria that must be satisfied in order for SSM to be justified are, (1) that significant within-field spatial variability exists in factors that influence crop yield, (2) that, causes of this variability can be identified and measured, and (3) that, the information from these measurements can be used to modify crop management practices to increase profit or decrease environmental impact. The objective of this paper is to review the state of SSM at the turn of the millennium and to offer some speculation as to its future course. The review is organized around the essential components of SSM listed above, i.e. measuring spatial variability, analyzing the data obtained from these measurements, using information gained from this analysis to effect changes in management practices, and determining whether the resulting benefits are worth the costs. The discussion section considers some potential effects of large-scale adoption of SSM, should this adoption occur.     

中国冬油菜氮素养分管理策略

油菜是中国重要的油料作物,长江流域是其最主要种植区域,该区域的气候、土壤和种植制度决定了土壤养分供应特征、油菜生长和养分需求特征。作物高产、经济和养分高效是农业生产及其可持续发展的决定因素,油菜氮素吸收和土壤氮素供应在时间和空间上的不协调造成氮的缺乏或过量是油菜产量和收益的重要限制因子,合理的氮肥施用是保证油菜高产和氮肥高效的关键。论文从作物氮素需求、土壤氮素供应、氮肥施用关键技术及其配套措施等方面综述了国内外油菜氮肥管理的进展。在此基础上,结合中国冬油菜种植区域土壤和作物的特点,提出以"前促后稳"为核心,协调作物氮素需求和土壤氮素供应的冬油菜氮素养分综合管理策略。该策略的核心内容是:通过调节氮肥施用时期、比例和配比,满足油菜前期快速生长的氮素需求,后期则主要通过发挥土壤氮素供应,促进油菜氮素转移再利用;综合考虑不同轮作、秸秆还田条件下土壤氮素供应特点及后效,统筹氮肥的施用;配合合理密植、水肥管理、同其他元素肥料配施、机械深施等措施,以协同增效的方式实现油菜的高产和氮肥的高效。     

黑河地区大豆胞囊线虫种群密度的研究

为了查明黑河地区大豆胞囊线虫的分布,对2010和2011年采集的黑河地区96份大豆田土样进行调查,研究了黑河地区大豆胞囊线虫的种群密度。结果表明:黑河地区采集的土样均发现大豆胞囊线虫,且其胞囊密度分布不均匀。将黑河地区各点连续2a采集得到每100g风干土中胞囊数量分为5个区段:胞囊密度为0～50个的占13.79%,胞囊密度为50～100个的占37.93%,胞囊密度为100～150个的占17.24%,胞囊密度为150～200个的占27.57%,胞囊密度超过200个的占3.45%。     

Field methods for making productivity classes for site-specific management of wheat

Reducing the decision-making unit to classes within fields can improve yields, efficiency in the use of nutrients and profitability of crops. The objectives were to compare methods for class delimitation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops based on apparent productivity levels and establish similarities among them in terms of spatial overlapping, productive attributes and the use of nitrogen. In three wheat fields, high and low apparent productivity classes (APC) were defined based on eight methodologies: yield maps, soil maps, gramineae vegetation index, rotation crop index, interpretation of satellite images, management records, elevation and integrated soil and yield maps. In each APC, soil and crop yield components were determined under five nitrogen fertilization levels. Among delimitation methodologies, the degree of coincidence varied from 1.4 to 81.7%. The differences in soil properties, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yields were greater among fields than among APC within each field. In each field, the delimitation methodologies identified different single factors that discriminated among the potential management classes and were partially associated with the crop grain yields. The wheat crops at the low APC yielded 39% less and 12% less than at the high APC, respectively. The nitrogen fertilization, at the rate for maximum productivity for each ACP, reduced the yield differences between contrasting APC. Nitrogen fertilization also modified clustering of classes based on expected yields. Making management classes for wheat based on expected productivity is more accurate when based on previous crop production information under similar nitrogen fertilization conditions than the targeted crop.

     

线虫对采煤矿区水环境和土壤环境质量评价的作用

【目的】评价淮北采煤矿区生态环境质量,为矿区生态环境变化监测提供理论依据。【方法】采用秀丽隐杆线虫Caenorhabditis elegans在矿区水质中的生长发育状况及矿区土壤线虫群落结构的变化进行淮北采煤矿区生态环境质量的评价研究。【结果】采煤矿区水环境使秀丽隐杆线虫寿命和成活率降低、体长变短、产卵数减少,同时诱导线虫生殖细胞凋亡,且煤矿开采时间越长,采样点距离矿井愈近,对线虫发育指标的抑制作用越显著。采煤矿区土壤环境使土壤线虫属的数目减少,植物寄生线虫的相对丰度增高,同时线虫香农多样性指数、瓦斯乐斯卡指数和自由生活线虫成熟度指数显著降低,植物寄生线虫成熟度指数显著提高,表明采煤矿区环境降低了土壤质量。煤矿开采时间越长、采样点距离矿井愈近,对土壤线虫群落结构的影响越大。【结论】秀丽隐杆线虫生长发育指标对水环境的响应,以及土壤线虫群落结构对土壤环境的响应,很好地指示了淮北采煤矿区的水环境质量和土壤环境质量;因此,可以利用线虫对采煤矿区水环境和土壤环境质量进行评价。     

不同施肥方式对紫色土农田土壤动物主要类群的影响

【目的】长期施肥可改变植物残体、根系分泌物等有机物输入土壤的种类和数量,间接使土壤动物群落组成发生改变。本研究旨在分析紫色土区不同施肥方式对土壤动物主要类群的影响及土壤动物主要类群与土壤因子之间的相互关系,探讨土壤动物主要类群对农田土壤肥力特征响应的敏感程度。【方法】以中国科学院盐亭紫色土农业生态试验站长期施肥试验田为研究取样点,采用改良干漏斗法（Modified Tullgren）、湿漏斗法（Baermann）和手拣法对紫色土农田6种施肥方式,即对照处理（CK）、常规施肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（OM,猪粪）、有机肥-化肥配施（OMNPK）、秸秆还田（RSD）和秸秆-化肥配施（RSDNPK）的线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨进行调查,并对土壤性质进行分析。运用相关分析、多元回归分析和典型相关分析研究土壤动物主要类群个体数量与土壤因子之间的关系。【结果】有机-无机肥配施（OMNPK、RSDNPK）中土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨的个体数量显著高于常规施肥NPK（P＜0.05）。土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨的总个体数在秸秆还田施肥方式（RSD、RSDNPK）中最高,其中RSDNPK施肥方式中总个体数显著高于其他施肥方式（P＜0.05）。统计分析显示,土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨个体数量与土壤有机质（SOM）、土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、土壤微生物量氮（MBN）和速效钾（AK）相关性显著（P＜0.05）。土壤线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨个体数量分别解释了土壤肥力差异的78.03%、80.82%和50.86%,较好的解释了土壤肥力主要因子的变化,在一定程度上可以指示土壤肥力特征。【结论】有机肥的添加有助于线虫、蚯蚓和甲螨的生存和发展,有机-无机肥合理配施对3类土壤动物的个体数量有促进作用,尤其是秸秆与化肥的合理配施能显著提高土壤动物总个体数。3类主要土壤动物可以指示一定的土壤肥力特征（有机质含量）,但不能量化土壤肥力综合特征。     

Evaluation of site-specific management zones on a farm with 124 contiguous small paddy fields in a multiple-cropping system

The identification of homogeneous management zones (MZs) within a field is a basis for site-specific management (SSM). We assessed the method of defining MZs based on the spatio-temporal homogeneity of six soil properties and above-ground biomass data from paddy rice, winter wheat and soybean over 3 years on a farm with 124 contiguous small paddy fields. The soil data were recorded at 372 soil sampling sites on a rectangular grid over the farm. A non-hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to the soil data and the algorithm grouped the sites into three clusters with similar soil properties. These clusters represent soil fertility and soil drainage. The three clusters were not randomly distributed across the fields, but formed contiguous areas associated with landscape position. This was due to the spatial variation of the soil in the study area. We delineated five MZs based on the spatial structure of the soil heterogeneity of the study area. The validity of the MZs was evaluated using the biomass data from paddy rice, winter wheat and soybean in each MZ; this depended mainly on soil fertility when conditions were dry. When the growing season precipitation was greater than the 10-year average, the biomass of winter wheat and soybean depended on soil drainage. This suggested that the delineation of MZs for site-specific management in fields under a paddy-upland crop rotation system should be based on several soil properties. The biomass data from the three crops over 3 years was not effective for delimiting MZs.     

Statistical analysis of nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast China using multiple linear regression and Random Forest

Understanding the spatial-temporal dynamics of crop nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and the relationship with explanatory environmental variables can support land-use management and policymaking. Nevertheless, the application of statistical models for evaluating the explanatory variables of space-time variation in crop NUE is still under-researched. In this study, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and Random Forest (RF) were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of NUE indicators (i.e., partial factor productivity of N (PFP_N); partial nutrient balance of N (PNB_N)) at county scale in Northeast China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin provinces) from 1990 to 2015. Explanatory variables included agricultural management practices, topography, climate, economy, soil and crop types. Results revealed that the PFP_N was higher in the northern parts and lower in the center of the Northeast China and PNB_N increased from southern to northern parts during the 1990–2015 period. The NUE indicators decreased with time in most counties during the study period. The model efficiency coefficients of the SMLR and RF models were 0.44 and 0.84 for PFP_N, and 0.67 and 0.89 for PNB_N, respectively. The RF model had higher relative importance of soil and climatic covariates and lower relative importance of crop covariates compared to the SMLR model. The planting area index of vegetables and beans, soil clay content, saturated water content, enhanced vegetation index in November & December, soil bulk density, and annual minimum temperature were the main explanatory variables for both NUE indicators. This is the first study to show the quantitative relative importance of explanatory variables for NUE at a county level in Northeast China using RF and SMLR. This novel study gives reference measurements to improve crop NUE which is one of the most effective means of managing N for sustainable development, ensuring food security, alleviating environmental degradation and increasing farmer's profitability.     

东北黑土线虫群落对长期免耕后土壤扰动的响应

【目的】目前对长期免耕土壤实施扰动后土壤生态系统稳定性的响应情况尚不了解。本研究选择土壤线虫作为指示生物,研究土壤线虫群落结构对长期免耕扰动前和扰动后的响应情况,为东北黑土区合理选择耕作措施提供科学依据和参考。【方法】以吉林省德惠市中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土长期保护性耕作实验站为依托平台,分别设置长期免耕（NT）及长期免耕后扰动（DNT）两种不同免耕耕作方式;在作物播种前,采集耕层（0—15 cm）土壤,进行线虫的分离鉴定。使用效应值（lnR）,以常规耕作（CT）为对照,度量不同轮作方式下（玉米-大豆轮作,CS;玉米连作,CC）长期免耕及长期免耕后扰动对土壤线虫的属数、多度和生态指数的影响效应。利用主成分分析（PCA）和冗余分析（RDA）进行土壤线虫群落组成及其驱动因子的分析。【结果】与CT相比,NT处理促进了各轮作方式下杂食/捕食线虫的多度,DNT处理显著（P<0.05）促进了玉米-大豆轮作下食细菌线虫的属数及多度、食真菌线虫和总线虫的多度,而对玉米连作下所有线虫营养类群的属数及多度具有抑制效应。NT、DNT处理的线虫群落组成与CT处理截然不同,其主要的土壤驱动因子分别是全氮含量和容重,可以解释线虫群落组成差异的10.5%和11.4%。此外,与CT相比,NT处理显著（P<0.05）促进了各轮作方式下的结构代谢足迹（Fs）,而DNT处理显著（P<0.05）抑制了几乎所有生态指数（除自由生活线虫与植物寄生线虫成熟度指数比率（MI/PPI）之外）。DNT处理对土壤线虫生态指数的抑制程度因轮作方式而异,与玉米连作相比,玉米-大豆轮作仍能维持对MI/PPI的促进效应。【结论】长期免耕能够在各轮作方式下形成较为稳定的土壤线虫群落结构;深翻和移除秸秆等土壤扰动会破坏长期免耕下土壤线虫群落结构的稳定性,但破坏程度因轮作方式而异。