过表达泛素偶联酶（UBE2C）对小鼠胚胎发育的影晌

UBE2C（ Ubiquitin- conjugating enzyme 2C ）属于E2泛素偶联酶家族成员,较为明确的作用是调控有丝分裂检验点以及控制细胞周期进程,但其在小鼠胚胎中的作用尚不明确。本文首先探讨了小鼠多种组织以及胚胎不同发育时期UBE2C表达图谱,其次在小鼠受精卵中通过显微注射过表达UBE2C分析其对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响。结果表明：过表达UBE2C后导致胚胎2-细胞发育阻滞,证明UBE2C在胚胎发育过程中具有重要功能,其作用可能是通过降解卵母细胞储存的母源蛋白,从而确保小鼠早期胚胎正常发育进程。     

过表达泛素偶联酶(UBE2C)对小鼠胚胎发育的影响

UBE2C(Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C)属于E2泛素偶联酶家族成员,较为明确的作用是调控有丝分裂检验点以及控制细胞周期进程,但其在小鼠胚胎中的作用尚不明确。本文首先探讨了小鼠多种组织以及胚胎不同发育时期UBE2C表达图谱,其次在小鼠受精卵中通过显微注射过表达UBE2C分析其对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:过表达UBE2C后导致胚胎2-细胞发育阻滞,证明UBE2C在胚胎发育过程中具有重要功能,其作用可能是通过降解卵母细胞储存的母源蛋白,从而确保小鼠早期胚胎正常发育进程。     

小鼠孤雌激活胚胎早期发育过程中胞吞作用相关蛋白的动态表达分析

为探索哺乳动物孤雌激活胚胎早期发育过程中胞吞作用相关蛋白的动态表达,通过体外生产小鼠孤雌激活胚胎,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)技术检测不同发育时期小鼠孤雌激活胚胎胞吞作用相关蛋白Cav1、Cav2基因和蛋白相对表达水平,并采用免疫荧光技术进行不同发育时期小鼠孤雌激活胚胎中Cav1、Cav2表达定位分析。结果表明,在小鼠孤雌激活胚胎不同时期均可检测到Cav1、Cav2基因及其蛋白的表达,其中囊胚和桑椹胚中该2个基因的表达水平最高,4-8细胞时期次之,2细胞最低;各发育时期孤雌激活胚胎中Cav1、Cav2蛋白主要定位在胚胎细胞胞质内;囊胚中内细胞团(ICM)细胞中Cav1的荧光强度高于滋养层细胞。说明胞吞作用相关蛋白Cav1、Cav2可能参与小鼠早期胚胎发育的生理调控,桑椹胚和囊胚时期可能是其发挥生理功能的重要时期,并且在囊胚时期对内细胞团发育的调控作用更为显著。研究结果可为探索胞吞作用参与哺乳动物胚胎早期发育的调控机制提供重要参考。     

RAD18基因在小鼠胚胎中的表达分析

为了研究RAD18基因在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达模式,试验以体外培养的FVB小鼠胚胎为材料,采用定量RT-PCR及免疫荧光技术分析RAD18基因在小鼠胚胎中的表达水平。qRT-PCR结果表明,RAD18基因在小鼠植入前各时期胚胎中均有表达,其中与1-细胞期胚胎相比,其在2-细胞、8-细胞期胚胎中表达水平较高(P0.01),在桑葚期和囊胚期胚胎中表达量显著下降(P0.01)。免疫荧光方法检测结果表明RAD18蛋白在在小鼠植入前各时期胚胎中均有表达。说明RAD18基因在小鼠植入前胚胎中均有表达,推测其与小鼠胚胎的早期发育密切相关。     

狐肺炎大肠杆菌HtrA蛋白原核表达及多抗血清制备

利用PCR方法从银狐大肠杆菌基因组中克隆出htra基因,测序无误后将其构建到pET32a原核表达载体上,重组载体转化BL21大肠杆菌诱导重组蛋白表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法验证重组蛋白得到很好表达;用亲和层析方法纯化蛋白,纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠,所得的多抗血清能够特异性识别大肠杆菌HtrA蛋白,为研究HtrA蛋白的作用机制奠定基础。     

狐源大肠杆菌HtrA基因缺失株的构建及生物学特性

HtrA是一种重要的抗应激蛋白,对细菌抵抗应激条件至关重要。为研究HtrA蛋白在狐源大肠杆菌致病过程中的作用,本研究利用λ-Red同源重组方法构建狐大肠杆菌HtrA基因缺失株,并从生长特性、生化特性、抗吞噬细胞吞噬能力、菌株毒力等几方面对突变菌株进行评价,结果表明:与狐源大肠杆菌野生型菌株相比,HtrA基因缺失株生长特性和生化特性无明显差异,但其抗吞噬细胞吞噬能力有明显下降,细菌半数致死量有显著提高。本研究成功构建狐源大肠杆菌HtrA基因缺失株,为研究HtrA蛋白的作用机制奠定了基础。     

MEKK1在B6-Co小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达

为了检测MEKK1在B6-Co小鼠胚胎眼睑发育关键时期的表达,探讨其在该突变系小鼠EOB(出生时眼睛睁开)表型形成过程中的作用,试验剖取E16.5和E18.5小鼠,剪取整个头部,用4%多聚甲醛固定脱水,制作冰冻切片,通过免疫荧光技术检测MEKK1在小鼠胚胎眼睑部位的表达;剪取胎鼠皮肤,提取蛋白,以GAPDH为内参,通过Western-blot检测MEKK1在B6-Co小鼠胚胎中的表达情况。结果表明:与B6小鼠相比较,MEKK1在B6-Co小鼠胚胎眼睑发育关键时期的表达差异不显著;但游离C端在E16.5小鼠的表达明显要高于E18.5的表达,差异显著。说明MEKK1对促进小鼠眼睑融合起到了重要作用。     

苜蓿丝氨酸蛋白水解酶及青贮时对蛋白降解作用的研究

本研究以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)绿汁发酵液形式模拟青贮的发酵过程,探讨了苜蓿中丝氨酸蛋白酶的特性及其在苜蓿青贮过程中对蛋白的降解作用.在制作苜蓿绿汁发酵液前通过添加丝氨酸蛋白水解酶抑制剂(PMSF)并设置对照组来分析其在形成非蛋白氮各组分中的作用.结果表明,苜蓿中的丝氨酸蛋白酶最适pH值为6.6,最适温度...     

参与家蚕免疫反应的clip丝氨酸蛋白酶家族基因分析

丝氨酸蛋白酶在昆虫的新陈代谢和生长发育等多种生理过程中起重要作用,特别是含clip结构域的丝氨酸蛋白酶与昆虫的免疫级联激活途径密切相关。为探索家蚕clip丝氨酸蛋白酶在家蚕先天免疫反应信号通路中的作用,对家蚕(Bombyxmori)与烟草天蛾(Manduca sexta)中鉴定获得的含有clip结构域的丝氨酸蛋白酶进行序列比对和系统进化分析,发现BmSP78与MsPAP-1、BmSP127与MsHP8、BmSP124与MsHP1、BmSP125与MsHP17位于同一进化支上,4对clip丝氨酸蛋白酶的氨基酸序列相似度分别为70%、68%、81%和57%,另外的8个蛋白酶BmSP23、BmSP111、BmSP95、BmSP135、BmSP129、BmSP137、BmSP91和BmSP99构成了家蚕特有的一群clip丝氨酸蛋白酶。用革兰阴性细菌沙雷氏菌和革兰阳性细菌黑胸败血菌分别注射感染家蚕5龄第4天幼虫后,通过半定量RT-PCR检测分析clip丝氨酸蛋白酶基因在不同感染时间点的表达特征:病原菌诱导后蚕体中有11个clip丝氨酸蛋白酶基因mRNA转录水平有明显变化,其中BmSP102和BmSP96于黑胸败血菌诱导12 h后在血细胞中明显上调表达,而BmSP125在沙雷氏菌和黑胸败血菌感染12 h后的脂肪体中均明显上调表达。研究结果为建立家蚕clip丝氨酸蛋白酶可能参与的免疫级联反应路径提供了重要线索。     

YWHAZ在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的作用

为了探究YWHAZ蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的表达、定位和作用,本试验利用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测Ywhaz基因及其编码蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育中的表达;利用免疫荧光技术检测YWHAZ蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中的定位;使用特异性的siRNA沉默合子中的Ywhaz,在胚胎发育的1.5,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.5,5.0 dpc分别观察2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚的发育率,阐明在合子中沉默Ywhaz基因对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响。结果显示,Ywhaz mRNA及其编码蛋白在小鼠1-细胞、2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚中均有表达,YWHAZ蛋白定位在小鼠早期胚胎的细胞质和细胞核中。Ywhaz沉默组的2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、桑葚胚和囊胚的发育率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),沉默组5.0 dpc囊胚率显著高于其4.5 dpc囊胚率(P<0.05)。结果表明,Ywhaz mRNA及其编码的蛋白在小鼠早期胚胎中有表达,其蛋白主要定位在早期胚胎的细胞核和细胞质中;在合子中沉默Ywhaz基因可导致小鼠早期胚胎发育率降低且存在明显...     

家蚕Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因BmSPI3的克隆与表达特征分析

Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(SPI)在机体的发育、免疫等生理过程中发挥重要的作用。从家蚕蛹cDNA文库中获得一条全长为728bp的基因序列,对该基因编码的氨基酸序列进行同源性比对,发现其蛋白具有保守的Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂结构域(CⅠ-X3-CⅡ-X8-CⅢ-X14-CⅣ-X6-CⅤ-X13-CⅥ),且P1活性位点为赖氨酸(K),因此将该基因命名为BmSPI3(Gen-Bank登录号:DN237641)。通过PCR扩增BmSPI3基因,经BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后成功构建了重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-BmSPI3,并转化到E.coliBL21(DE3)表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测在约36kD处有明显的蛋白表达条带。提取各发育时期蚕体和5龄幼虫各个组织的总RNA进行荧光定量PCR,检测结果表明:BmSPI3在5龄幼虫期表达量最高,卵期最低;在5龄幼虫表皮中的表达量最高,在马氏管的表达量最低。推测BmSPI3对胰蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶具有抑制作用。     

The serine protease inhibitors and SERPINE1/2 disrupt prostaglandin E2 production and hyaluronic acid retention in FSH‐stimulated pig cumulus–oocyte complexes

The serine proteases, tissue‐ and urokinase‐type plasminogen activators (PLAT and PLAU) and their inhibitors SERPINE1/2 are regulators of plasminogen to plasmin conversion. They are widely expressed in ovarian tissues, including granulosa and cumulus cells, and their expression is regulated by gonadotropins. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of serine protease inhibitors (aprotinin and AEBSF) and SERPINE1/2 on FSH‐induced cumulus cell expansion, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and retention of hyaluronic acid (HA) in expanding cumulus. The serine protease activity proved to be essential for the production of PGE2 and also for the retention of HA; the inhibition of plasminogen activators by SERPINE1/2 had the same effect. Collectively, these data indicate that plasmin is required for proper function of expanding cumulus cells in vitro and presumably also in vivo in the pre‐ovulatory follicles.     

甘露糖结合凝集素相关的丝氨酸蛋白酶1研究进展

甘露糖结合凝集素途径是补体激活的一个重要途径,在无特异性免疫应答的生物体内或在机体发生免疫应答之前,凝集素补体途径可发挥主要的防御作用。甘露糖结合凝集素相关的丝氨酸蛋白酶（mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease,MASP）是凝集素途径的中心蛋白酶分子。甘露糖结合凝集素（mannose-binding lectin,MBL）或纤维胶凝蛋白（ficolin）分子通过其胶原样区（collagen-like region,CLR）与MBL相关丝氨酸蛋白酶MASP-1或MASP-2结合形成复合物,在其C端糖识别域（carbohydrate recognition domain,CRD）识别、结合病原微生物的糖结构后,可活化MASPs酶原,从而激活补体凝集素途径而发挥天然抗感染免疫效应。     

家蚕丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因serpin16的表达规律及体外重组表达

家蚕(Bombyxmori)的丝腺是丝蛋白合成分泌的场所,存在多种丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。为探究家蚕丝蛋白的合成和保护机制,采用半定量RT-PCR的方法调查家蚕丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因serpin16在家蚕不同发育时期和5龄第5天幼虫各个组织器官中的表达特征,结果表明家蚕serpin16基因仅在4眠-5龄第6天的发育期表达,并且仅在丝腺中特异表达,其中在中部丝腺前区转录水平最高,而在中部丝腺中区和后区的转录水平较低;进一步构建pGEX-4T-1-serpin16原核表达载体,并转化至大肠杆菌(Eschevichia coli)BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导获得融合蛋白,纯化后得到单一的目的蛋白。家蚕serpin16基因在幼虫丝腺的特异表达模式提示其可能与家蚕的吐丝过程密切相关,推测该基因在维持丝腺稳定的泌丝环境中发挥重要作用。     

猪胚胎附植部分因子研究进展

产仔数性状是养猪业中一个重要的经济性状,而胚胎附植对猪产仔数的高低有重要的影响。胚胎附植的调控涉及到多个生物学过程,在其中发挥作用的物质（附植因子）很多。作者针对孕酮、孕酮受体、雌二醇、雌激素受体α（ESR1）和促红细胞生成素产生肝细胞受体配体（Eph-ephrin）系统这几种附植因子的相关研究进行了归纳总结,重点阐述了这些因子在母胎对话过程中的时空表达、功能、突变、调控等方面的研究进展。其中,孕酮及其受体在猪胚胎附植活动中全程发挥着重要作用,黄体分泌的孕酮与母猪子宫内膜腔上皮、腺上皮、基质和肌细胞中的孕酮受体结合发挥作用,使这些组织细胞分泌多种附植因子,这些附植因子进一步参与胚胎附植过程。雌二醇是雌激素中含量最多、活性最强的一种激素,主要由卵巢颗粒细胞分泌,雌激素受体α是子宫内雌二醇的主要受体,二者结合可使母猪发情;此外,附植中处于游离状态的胚泡也分泌雌二醇,其是一个让母猪子宫内膜得以识别的信号,允许胚泡附植。Eph-ephrin系统作用广泛,其在人、小鼠和猪的胚胎附植过程中发挥着重要作用。系统中的EphA1、ephrin A1、EphA4等基因在猪的胚胎附植期表达量显著高于空怀猪,它们在子宫内膜附植点的表达量显著高于附植点间的部位,且ephrin A1的抑制表达会降低子宫内膜上皮细胞的迁移和黏附能力。这些附植因子都在猪胚胎附植活动中发挥着重要作用,对它们的深入研究将有利于明确猪胚胎附植调控机理,进一步揭示猪高繁机理。     

Involvement of proteases in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus uncoating upon internalization in primary macrophages

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replicates in differentiated macrophages. In macrophages, heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycans mediate the initial PRRSV attachment and the receptor sialoadhesin mediates both PRRSV attachment and internalization into endosomes. Upon a pH drop, PRRSV is uncoated and its genome is released from the endosomes into the cytoplasm, which allows virus replication. However, expression of heparan sulphate and sialoadhesin in non-susceptible cells only allows virus internalization, but no virus uncoating and infection, indicating that other factors are involved. In the present study, it is shown that treatment of macrophages with serum (mainly the alpha-globulin fraction) inhibited PRRSV infection without affecting attachment and internalization. Because alpha-globulins contain several protease inhibitors, macrophages were treated with different protease inhibitors to investigate the involvement of proteases in PRRSV uncoating. Treatment of macrophages with broadly active inhibitors of serine or aspartic proteases, but not cysteine- or metallo-proteases, inhibited PRRSV uncoating and infection. Further investigation using specific inhibitors indicated that the aspartic protease cathepsin E is involved during PRRSV uncoating, but did not allow identification of the serine protease involved. The involvement of cathepsin E during PRRSV uncoating was confirmed by partial co-localization of internalized PRRSV with cathepsin E. Furthermore, cathepsin E expression increased with macrophage cultivation, which was positively correlated with an increased susceptibility to PRRSV infection. Together, these data show that, in macrophages, both the aspartic protease cathepsin E and an unidentified trypsin-like serine protease are involved in uncoating of internalized PRRSV and subsequent infection.     

Expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA in bovine endometrium and placenta during gestation

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) is a secreted protease. Through the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling or developmental processes or both, ADAMTS1 is involved in several biological functions, including ovulation and embryo receptivity. However, the expression and possible role of ADAMTS1 in bovine endometrium is unknown. In this study, we analyzed ADAMTS1 mRNA expression in bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle, peri-implantation period, and at different stages of gestation by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization. The qPCR results indicated that the expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA was not affected by the day of the estrous cycle and was similar to cyclic levels on day 35 of gestation; however, the expression was more abundant in cotyledonary tissues of the placenta during late gestation. The in situ hybridization study showed that ADAMTS1 mRNA was detected mainly in uterine luminal epithelia and stromal cells during the estrous cycle and peri-implantation period. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 mRNA was also expressed in the peri-implantation conceptus as well as in trophoblast cells, which include binucleate cells, and increased during late gestation. Furthermore, treatment of stromal cell with progesterone (300 nM) stimulated the expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA. This study indicates that ADAMTS1 participates in bovine endometrial remodeling, which is required for implantation and placental development in coordination with ovarian steroids.     

A trypsin-like serine protease is involved in pseudorabies virus invasion through the basement membrane barrier of porcine nasal respiratory mucosa

ABSTRACT: Several alphaherpesviruses breach the basement membrane during mucosal invasion. In the present study, the role of proteases in this process was examined. The serine protease-specific inhibitor AEBSF inhibited penetration of the basement membrane by the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) by 88.1% without affecting lateral spread. Inhibitors of aspartic-, cysteine-, and metalloproteases did not inhibit viral penetration of the basement membrane. Further analysis using the Soybean Type I-S trypsin inhibitor for the serine protease subcategory of trypsin-like serine proteases resulted in a 96.9% reduction in plaque depth underneath the basement membrane. These data reveal a role of a trypsin-like serine protease in PRV penetration of the basement membrane.     

Research Progress on Adiponectin and its Receptors and their Roles in Reproduction

Adiponectin is a special protein which is secreted by adipose tissue and has many kinds of biological functions that play an important role in enhancing fatty acid oxidation,inflammation reaction and anti diabetes ect.Adiponectin mediated by AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 via AMPK,PPAR,p38MAPK signal pathway plays an important role.Adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 express in many tissues,AdipoR1 is mainly expressed in muscle tissue,AdipoR2 is highly expressed in liver tissue.In addition,adiponectin and its receptors also expressed in the hypothalamus,pituitary,uterus,embryo and other reproductive glands and tissues,which indicate that adiponectin plays an important role in regulating animal reproduction and embryo growth and development.