Effects of Strobilanthes crispus Tea Aqueous Extracts on Glucose and Lipid Profile in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats

Strobilanthes crispus (Acanthaceae) has been used traditionally as antidiabetic, diuretic, antilytic, and laxative and has been proven scientifically to possess high antioxidant activity, anti-AIDS, and anticancer properties. It is commonly consumed in the form of herbal tea. The ethnopharmacological value of this plant, such as the development of nutraceutical S. crispus herbal tea (fermented and unfermented) and assessment of their antihyperglycemic properties were investigated. The antidiabetic properties of S. crispus fermented and unfermented tea was carried out in normal and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats for 21 days. Glucose and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) were determined at day 0 (baseline), day 7, and day 21. The results showed that the hot water extract of both fermented and unfermented S. crispus tea reduced blood glucose in hyperglycaemic rats. S. crispus unfermented tea also reduced glucose level in normal rat. Both fermented and unfermented S. crispus tea also showed to improve lipid profile. Antioxidant and polyphenol content that present in the extracts might contribute to the antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic properties. Further study is needed to be carried out in pre-clinical and clinical environment to prove its efficacy in human.     

茶汤浓度对绿茶水浸出物含量及其感官审评的影响

本文对采用不同的加工方法和嫩度所加工出来的且其外形有较大差异的绿茶进行不同冲泡方法试验,测定其水浸出物的浸出速度和浸出总量,以及水浸出物含量对感官品质审评的影响。结果表明：茶水浸出物的浸出速度和总量与茶叶的加工方法、嫩度、造型及冲泡时间、冲泡温度有关。感官审评时感觉茶汤最为适宜的浓度在0．45g／ml左右。     

菜用桑叶栽培技术

采用不同浓度MS培养基与吲哚丁酸(IBA)的组合对糯米香茶进行水培,通过测定糯米香茶的生根能力,探讨MS培养基与IBA对水培苗的影响。结果表明：低浓度的MS培养基和IBA组合A1B1(1/4 MS和0.1 mg/L IBA)对糯米香茶水培苗生根数、根长、根鲜重和生根率的促进作用明显优于对照,有利于糯米香茶的水培生根,而高浓度的MS培养基和IBA组合则对糯米香茶的水培生根具有抑制作用。本研究为缩短水培糯米香茶的育苗周期、提高糯米香茶无性系生根能力提供理论依据。     

Effect of flax seeds and date palm leaves extracts on serum concentrations of glucose and lipids in alloxan diabetic rats

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the effect of Flax Seeds (FS) and Date Palm Leaves (DPL) extracts on the concentration of serum glucose and lipids in alloxan diabetic rats. Rats were divided into six groups, normal control rats (without treatment with either FS or DPL), normal control rats treated with either FS or DPL extract for four weeks, diabetic control rats and diabetic rats treated with either FS or DPL extract for four weeks. The concentration of glucose in diabetic rats treated with FS (D+FS) for four weeks was significantly decreased from 17.20 +/- 2.33 to 8.14 +/- 0.54 mmol L(-1) (p < 0.001). Serum total cholesterol concentration (TC) of diabetic rats treated with either FS or DPL extract showed significant decrease by 40 and 31% respectively in the fourth week. Also, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was significantly decreased after two weeks of treatment (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, no significant changes were obtained in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. Results of the present study showed that FS extract has a hypoglycaemic effect against alloxan diabetic rats. Present findings also showed that treatment of alloxan diabetic rats with either FS or DPL extract significantly decreased serum concentration of TC and LDL-C. Present findings suggest that both of FS and DPL extracts could have a protective effect against diabetes complications as well as against hyperlipidemia through improvement of lipid profile.     

Effects of a tristearate-containing lipid and canola oil on plasma and tissue lipids in rats

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets containing 12% fat and 0.4% cholesterol for 4 wk. The fats were palm oil, a high-stearate fat and canola oil; each of the latter two fat sources was substituted for palm oil in 4% (w/w) increments (i.e, 4, 8 and 12%) thus yielding 3 stearate-containing, 3 canola-containing, and a 12% palm oil diet. Stearate-fed animals exhibited significantly decreased food efficiency ratios, plasma total cholesterol, and liver cholesterol whereas the substitution of canola for palm oil did not consistently alter these parameters. Liver fatty acids generally reflected the composition of the dietary fat sources with the exception of significantly higher arachidonate observed in the stearate-fed rats.     

茶园养鸡对茶叶品质和草害、虫害的影响

本研究采用种养结合方式,通过茶园养鸡,研究养殖密度和活动范围对茶叶品质成分和虫害的影响,为六堡茶产业发展提供新思路。结果表明养殖密度对可溶性糖和咖啡碱的含量有显著影响。每100m2养鸡12只的密度条件下,鲜叶内含物含量较高。养鸡可以清除茎秆较细、高度35cm以下的杂草。每100m^2养鸡12只的密度是比较合理的模式。茶园养鸡对茶园中茎秆较细的低矮杂草以及缓坡茶行的杂草有一定的防治效果。茶园单靠养鸡不能从根本上解决虫害问题,还需要采取增挂黄板、设置诱虫灯等辅助方式来防治虫害。     

5年生种植人参对成年大鼠糖脂代谢及下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能变化的影响

目的观察5年生种植人参食用对成年大鼠糖脂代谢及下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能变化的影响,探讨人参食用对机体内分泌系统功能的调节作用。方法正常成年Wistar大鼠随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只。各组大鼠连续灌胃给药3个月,观察糖脂代谢及下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能变化。结果与对照组比较,人参醇提物中、大剂量组可使正常成年大鼠血糖明显降低(P0.05或P0.01),人参原粉及人参醇提物中、大剂量组均可使正常成年大鼠TG明显降低(P0.05或P0.01),人参水提物中剂量组可使正常成年大鼠T4明显降低(P0.05),人参原粉、人参水提物及人参醇提物各剂量组对正常成年大鼠甲状腺脏器系数及血清中CHO、TSH、T3含量均无明显影响(P0.05)。结论人参醇提物对正常成年大鼠具有糖脂代谢调节作用;人参原粉及人参水提物对正常成年大鼠的糖脂代谢及下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴无明显影响。     

遮荫对茶树品种“黄金芽”叶片基因表达谱的影响

在夏季强光照条件下进行遮荫处理,研究光照诱导型新梢白化茶树品种“黄金芽”叶片基因表达谱的差异。结果显示,自然强光照（无遮荫）和遮荫处理reads数分别为5557292个和6309925个,参考基因Unigene数79797个。无遮荫和遮荫处理之间表达丰度明显差异的基因1392个,其中遮荫引起表达上渊的基因902个,表达下调的基因490个;214个基因在无遮荫条件下表达完伞受到抑制,72个基岗在遮荫处理表达完全受到抑制受强光照抑制的基因包括：光诱导蛋白、肽链内切酶抑制蛋白、蔗糖和氨基酸转运因子、核糖体失活、糖结合蛋白等基因;但遮荫抑制了查耳酮合成酶基因3（CHS3）表达。据此推断,“黄金芽”茶树光诱导蛋白表达受到慢比条件抑制,可能是其对强光环境压力的耐受较弱,进而产生新梢白化的原因之一。研究还表明,“黄金芽”茶树品种的基因组成与“福鼎大白茶”之间存在1／3左右的碱基变蚌。     

NaHSO3对茶树代谢成分的影响

用不同浓度的NaHSO3,喷洒不同品种刚萌芽的生产茶园,生长二十天后,采摘一芽二叶的鲜叶,制成生化样,分析茶多酚类、氨基酸、水浸出物等茶树次生代谢成份含量的变化。结果表明,喷施NaHSO3,能显著提高茶叶内含成份的含量,1mmol／L、2mmol／L处理的效果较明显,其中2mmol／L处理的茶多酚类、氨基酸、水浸出物的含量分别比对照提高5．68％、18．67％、6．91％,不同品种之间以鸠坑种提高幅度较大,差异都较为显著。     

喷灌、遮阴对夏季绿茶干茶色泽、汤色的影响研究

以晚春茶为对照,本研究对夏季茶园喷灌、遮阴不同技术组合进行大田试验,并对16个试验茶样干茶色泽、汤色的DL?、DA?、DB?、DA?/DB?进行检测、分析及感官审评,结果显示:对夏季绿茶干茶色泽、汤色影响大小依次表现为(喷灌+遮阴)、(遮阴+不喷灌)、(喷灌+不遮阴)、(不遮阴+不喷灌),设施停止后短期内仍有持续效应,...     

Effect of vitamin C supplementation on postprandial oxidative stress and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most wide spread endocrine disorders and an important developing health problem in the world. Cardiovascular disease is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. Several risk factors for coronary heart disease cosegregate in type 2 diabetes, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipaemia, increases production of free radical and decrease in antioxidant defense system. In this study we evaluated the effect of vitamin C supplementation on fasting and postprandial oxidative stress and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. 30 patients with type 2 diabetes from Nader Kazemi Clinic, Shiraz, Iran were randomly divided into 2 groups; vitamin C treatment group (1000 mg d(-1)) and placebo group from May to September 2010. Fasting and postprandial lipid profile and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured at the beginning of the study and after six weeks of supplementation. Data analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney U test with p < 0.05 being significant by SPSS software version 16.The result of the study showed a significantly decrease in fasting (p = 0.006) and postprandial MDA (p < 0.001) in vitamin C group compare to placebo group but not in lipid profile. This study suggests that vitamin C supplementation can decrease fasting and postprandial oxidative stress and may prevent diabetes complication.     

茶皂素对油菜幼苗生长发育及抗氧化酶系统的影响

采用溶液培养的方法研究茶皂素对白菜型油菜东京绿(Brassica rapa L.)幼苗生长发育及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明：在5～200mg&;#8226;L-1的茶皂素浓度范围内,随浓度增加,油菜幼苗的根长表现出先升高后降低的趋势;在5～100mg&;#8226;L-1的茶皂素浓度范围内,油菜幼苗的株高表现出与根长相同的趋势,但在茶皂素200mg&;#8226;L-1时株高显著降低;油菜叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性逐渐降低;过氧化物酶（POD）活性在低于20mg&;#8226;L-1时低于对照,随后升高;过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性则仅在浓度为50mg&;#8226;L-1和100mg&;#8226;L-1时高于对照;油菜叶片中MDA含量先升高后降低。统计分析发现,浓度范围在5～200mg&;#8226;L-1的茶皂素对油菜幼苗叶片的生长、抗氧化酶系统和MDA含量没有显著影响,而200mg&;#8226;L-1显著抑制株高。结果说明了培养液中低于200mg&;#8226;L-1的茶皂素除降低幼苗株高外,对油菜的苗期是安全的。     

茶多糖对小鼠血糖、血脂和免疫功能的影响

研究了从粗老茶中提取的茶多糖对小鼠血糖、血脂和免疫功能的影响。结果表明：腹腔注射５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ茶多糖有明显降低血糖的作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）；对血清胆固醇和血清甘油三酯影响不大，但有提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的效果；每天连续口服２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ茶多糖，有增强免疫功能的作用。急性毒性试验表明，２４ｈ内腹腔注射总量１．０ｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ，未发现小鼠对茶多糖有中毒反应     

不同发酵温度和时间对芽形红茶品质影响的试验

文章通过对红茶发酵温度和发酵程度的对比试验,结果显示,红茶样品加工的适宜加工条件为:发酵温度25℃、发酵时间120min到150min之间.在该条件下加工的红茶样品,品质好.     

Effect of Quercus infectoria and Rosa damascena on lipid profile and atherosclerotic plaque formation in rabbit model of hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is the cause of many complications in the human societies. In this study, the effect of methanol extracts of Quercus infectoria (QI) galls and Rosa damascena (RD) Mill flower were studied on lipid profile and atherosclerotic plaques formation in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Thirty-six New Zeland white rabbits randomly divided into 6 groups as control (I), hyperlipidemic (II), hyperlipidemic+QI (III), hyperlipidemic+RD (IV), +Atorvastolin (V) and hyperlipidemic+Orlistat (VI) and were fed with high fat diet (0.5% cholesterol and 16% hydrogenated vegetable oil) for 45 days. At the end of the study period, lipid profile and plaque formation were assessed. Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic group compared with control group (p < 0.001). Methanol extract consumption of Quercus infectoria significantly decreased plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL (p < 0.001). It also decreased plaques formation in semi lunar valve and thoracic aorta. Rosa damascena mill flower methanol extract moderately decreased the levels of TC, TG, LDL and plaques formation but it was not significant. HDL levels and weight of animals did not show significant difference among groups. Based on the doses used in this study, our finding indicated that QI but no RD methanol extract has anti atherogenic and hypolipidemic activities.     

不同种类基肥对茶树生长和抗寒性的影响研究

比较了菜饼、复合肥和氨基酸商品有机肥三种不同种类肥料作茶园基肥对茶树生长和抗寒性的影响。结果表明,基肥均能促进茶树生长,增加春茶产量,改善茶鲜叶生化品质,提高茶树越冬休眠期间成熟叶的抗寒性,提高茶树春季新梢的抗寒性。三种肥料以氨基酸商品有机肥效果最好。氨基酸商品有机肥作茶园基肥处理的单位面积芽头总数、总重、最长新梢长度和产量均最高,分别较对照增加了28.4%,33.1%,22.6%和15.0%;冬季低温时的成熟叶片电解质外渗率最低,较对照降低了9.0%;春季新梢的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均最高,分别较对照提高1.66倍,0.49倍,1.18倍和1.45倍,并均达到显著水平。     

不同烘焙程度对"勐海大叶茶"和"紫娟"红茶香气成分的影响

为探究不同烘培程度对勐海大叶茶和紫娟两种大叶种红茶香气成分的影响.采用顶空固相微萃取法提取香气,气质联用技术(GC-MS)定量香气物质含量,对国家级良种勐海大叶茶和特异品种紫娟经不同烘培时间制成的红茶样品进行香气组分比较分析和感官审评.结果表明,勐海大叶种制成的红茶甜香浓郁带花果香,紫娟红茶甜香浓郁带花果香、辛香.香气组分分析表明,四种红茶均测定得到38种香气组分,其中相对含量以醇类最高,其次为酯类,再次为醛类.勐海大叶种制成的红茶主要以醇类和酯类为主,两者相对含量之和分别占香气总量的82.22％(重烘焙)和84.26％(轻烘焙),主要香气化合物有β-芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯和香叶醇,香气主要表现为甜香带花香的特点.紫娟红茶以醇类、酯类和醛类香气成分为主,三者的相对含量之和分别占香气总量的87.19％(重烘焙)和85.47％(轻烘焙),其中以β-芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、香叶醇、苯甲醛(杏仁香)、脱氢芳樟醇(花果香)、氧化芳樟醇Ⅱ、顺-己酸-3-己烯酯(花香)、β-紫萝酮(紫罗兰香)、苯甲醇(芳香味)、α-法尼烯及橙花叔醇(甜香带木香)等为主,其主要香气物质更为丰富,构成紫鹃红茶花香、果香和特有的品种香.影响勐海大叶种重烘焙红茶香气的醇类相对含量略低于轻烘焙红茶,而紫娟重烘焙红茶的醇类和醛类含量均高于轻烘焙红茶.勐海大叶种制成的轻烘焙红茶香气品质较好,而紫娟由于其品种的特异性,制成的重烘焙红茶花果香更浓郁显著,适当重烘焙有利于其甜香与花果香等香气成分的提高.     

添加硫酸铝对茶园土壤部分化学性质的影响

于每kg微酸性土壤（pH6．7）中添加500～2000mg的Al^3＋,测定各处理pH值、交换性Ca、Mg及有效微量元素Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn含量的变化。结果表明：随着Al^3＋用量的增加,pH值降低,交换性Ca含量下降,交换性Mg含量增加;添加量为500～1500mg／kg范围时,每增加500mg/kg用量pH降幅分别为0．60、0．78、0．28,但当用量达到2000mg／kg时,pH值下降不明显,与添加量1500mg／kg的处理相比仅降低0．06,而此时有效微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn含量明显增加。从茶树对土壤化学环境的要求、不同添加量所产生的效应以及生产成本三个方面综合考虑,测试土壤中以添加5001000mg／kg的Al^3＋为宜。     

不同种类叶面肥对春茶品质及效益的影响

对5%氨基寡糖素等6种茶树常用叶面肥开展春茶品质和效益影响研究。结果表明,氨基寡糖素等6种叶面肥处理对春茶感官品质影响不明显;氨基寡糖素和利果美处理春茶水浸出物含量提高;氨基寡糖素、利果美、中茶早、碧护、绿康壮、爱多收处理春茶茶多酚含量均有所提高而游离氨基酸却有所降低;中茶早、碧护和绿康壮处理的春茶咖啡碱含量提高;扣除叶面肥使用工本后,6种叶面肥中只有氨基寡糖素和利果美处理春茶收益极显著高于清水对照,每667m~2分别增收1922.9元和941.6元。     

西南茶区茶树良种化现状及新品种引种试验

对西南茶区茶树良种化现状进行了调研,结果表明西南茶区茶树栽培环境差异明显,栽培的无性系品种数量多,但主栽品种单一,品种结构存在一定的不合理性.针对西南茶区良种化存在的问题,从浙江引进了6个品种在重庆永川布置了引种试验,比较了引进品种的成活率、生长势、抗逆性和制茶品质.结果表明,中茶102、中茶108、中茶302、龙井长叶适合在永川及相似栽培条件的区域栽培.