肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7研究进展

本文综述了近年来肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的病原学、流行病学、临床诊断及预防控制等方面的研究进展。表明牛是该菌的主要贮存宿主,主要通过食源性途径传播,以患者出现出血性结肠炎、阑尾炎、食管狭窄和结肠穿孔等严重胃肠道并发症为基本特征。目前对该菌的自然携带宿主及其引起的感染尚缺乏有效的治疗手段,因此对该菌的防控就显得尤为重要。     

畜禽产品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测

为了解大肠杆菌O157:H7在畜禽产品中的带菌情况,采集2个屠宰场、福州市部分超市及农贸市场上的畜禽产品(猪肉、禽肉、蛋、内脏)631份.采集的样品经改良EC新生霉素增菌肉汤增菌后,增菌液用快速检测试纸条和酶联免疫反应测试盒进行检测;菌液涂抹于山梨醇麦康凯琼脂平板和大肠杆菌O157显色培养基平板,选取可疑菌落用乳胶凝集试剂盒进行检测,结果均未检出大肠杆菌O157:H7.     

西宁市售动物性食品中肠出血型大肠杆菌O157：H7的检测

对西宁市售的动物性食品羊肉(20份)、牛肉(20份)、猪肉(20份)、鸡肉(20份)、牛奶(20份)、卤肉(10份)进行了大肠杆菌O157:H7检验,各样品先用mEC肉汤增菌,然后在选择性培养基TC-SMAC、MUG-LST培养此菌,经微量生化实验初步鉴定。结果是从110份样品中分离出1株大肠杆菌O157:H7,总检出率为0.9%;说明在西宁市售动物性食品中检出了大肠杆菌O157:H7。     

牛源大肠杆菌O157:H7的分离鉴定

为调查新疆部分地区E.coli O157：H7的感染情况和菌株致病性,从新疆阿克苏、伊犁、塔城3个地区的牛场采集新鲜粪样564份,对E.coli O157：H7进行分离与鉴定。利用E.coli营养肉汤（EC肉汤）对样品进行增菌后,用山梨醇麦康凯培养基（SMAC）平板选择性培养,再经过4-甲基伞形酮-β-D葡萄糖醛酸苷培养基（MUG）的筛选,对疑似菌株进行生化和PCR鉴定,并将分离鉴定到的菌株进行小鼠攻毒试验。结果显示,从伊犁地区采集的样品中共分离出2株E.coli O157：H7（Y166和Y226）,其检出率为0.88%;小鼠攻毒试验中,Y166和Y226试验组小鼠在48 h内全部死亡,具有一定致病性;从阿克苏、塔城所采样品中未分离到E.coli O157：H7。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7紧密素单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以基因重组技术构建工程菌株表达肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7紧密素的融合蛋白。用纯化的紧密素蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,对杂交瘤细胞及时筛选,阳性孔经4次有限稀释法克隆,成功获得2株能稳定传代并分泌抗紧密素单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株。2株单抗分别制备腹水,ELISA检测效价分别为5.2×104,2.5×104。Western blot检测表明,2株单抗与融合蛋白发生特异性反应;ELISA检测表明,2株单抗可特异性检出大肠杆菌O157:H7。本研究为建立大肠杆菌O157检测方法提供了物质基础。     

致病性大肠杆菌O157：H7研究概述

概述了致病性大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７的生物学特性、流行病学、诊断、治疗和预防等,并加以分析。揭示了大肠杆菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７感染对人类的危害,以及加强对该病进行研究和防治的重要性。     

猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7广西分离株的鉴定

为了解大肠杆菌O157:H7是否在猪场存在,采集有拉稀症状猪的粪便,接种到新生霉素mEC增菌肉汤,增菌培养后转接到O157:H7显色培养基上,对可疑菌株用因子血清和PCR方法做进一步鉴定,实验结果证实得到5株大肠杆菌为O157:H7血清型。动物试验发现,5个分离菌株对小白鼠的致死率为33.3%—100%之间。调查结果证实广西猪群中存在强致病性的O157:H7血清型大肠杆菌。     

Antigen Epitope Peptides and Immunogenicity Analysis of E. coli O157: H7 Ivy Protein

To evaluate the feasibility of synthetic polypeptides O157:H7 Ivy146-157 as a vaccine antigen, a bioinformatics method was employed to analyze the secondary structures, hydrophilicity plot, flexibility plot, surface probability plot and antigenic index of the Ivy. A B-cell epitope peptide sequence was identified and synthesized. BALB/c mice were immunized with Ivy146-157, antibody titers and splenic lymphocytes proliferations in mice were tested. The results showed that the antibody titers were 1:6 400 after immunized mice three times. And the native Ivy protein of O157:H7 R14 strain was identified by polyclone antibody Ivy146-157. The MTT assay results indicated the splenic lyphocytes were increased after immunized polypeptides Ivy146-157, and had significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). These results indicated that polypeptides Ivy146-157 could induce a strong humoral and celluar immune respond, and it would provide a theory as a vaccine antigen for further researches.     

猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7毒力差异株的转录组测序分析

为了解大肠杆菌O157∶H7毒力差异株转录组差异,丰富O157∶H7转录组数据信息,本研究采用Illumina HiSeq^TM 2000平台对两株大肠杆菌O157∶H7毒力差异株进行高通量测序,测序数据采用测序评估、基因功能注释等生物信息学方法进行分析。结果发现,经过测序,两个菌株分别获得3 113 118和2 944 912条reads,比对到参考基因组上的reads分别占总reads的83.76%和78.97%。以中等毒力株为参考,在高毒力株中共获得941个差异表达基因,其中上调基因637个,下调基因304个。GO功能注释分析表明,差异表达基因主要与催化活性功能、黏附、转运活性、受体活性、酶调节活性、定位、生化调节、运动等诸多生理生化过程相关;KEGG富集分析发现共有425个基因注释到160个代谢通路中,其中新陈代谢、核糖体、鞭毛合成、嘧啶代谢、糖类代谢、细菌趋化等通路显著富集。此次通过大肠杆菌O157∶H7毒力差异株转录组研究对差异表达基因涉及的信号调控及可能的功能基因进行了探索,丰富了转录组信息,为进一步开展大肠杆菌O157∶H7毒力相关基因的研究及分子调控机制奠定了基础。     

新疆牛源大肠杆菌O157∶H7的分离鉴定及ERIC-PCR基因分型研究

为了了解牛源大肠杆菌（E.coli）O157∶H7在新疆地区的污染状况以及遗传多样性,探究不同地区分离菌株的遗传关系,为控制牛源E.coli O157∶H7的传播提供试验依据。将采集的样品在EC肉汤中进行增菌（37 ℃、180 r/min）,接着将增菌液划线接种到SMAC平板上,37 ℃培养箱中过夜培养18 h左右。挑取SMAC平板上白色或无色单菌落接种MUG培养基,37 ℃培养18 h左右,将无荧光样品接种到SMAC平板上,37 ℃培养18 h左右,隔天挑取白色或无色单菌落进行PCR鉴定,具有rfbE和fliC基因条带的即为阳性菌株。将阳性菌株进行肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列扩增（ERIC-PCR）指纹图谱聚类分析,分析菌株之间的同源性关系。ERIC-PCR结果显示,相似性100%的菌株有3组。从伊犁地区分离到的菌株差异性最大,具有6种分型;其次是乌鲁木齐,具有4种分型。菌株来源多样性最多的在D簇,由此可见通过ERIC-PCR分型,可以进行溯源观察。ERIC-PCR能够区分特定采样点或物种的分离物,它能够证明从不同来源的菌株之间,存在着某些相似的ERIC特性,并聚集在同一个簇群中。该研究中筛选出的E.coli O157∶H7菌株具有广泛的遗传多样性,该方法对于检测不同物种间的细菌差异非常敏感。由此可见ERIC-PCR可以作为E.coli O157∶H7常规监测和鉴定的一个有效的工具。     

Study on Seasonal Impact to the Distribution of Bovine E.coli O157: H7 in Xinjiang

To study the impact of season to the distribution of bovine E.coli O157:H7,samples of anus swabs (399),feces (68),water (29) and feed (43) were collected in the spring, summer,autumn and winter from A,B and C farms of Xinjiang. After enrichment by EC broth, SMAC and MUG selective culture were then performed. Finally,PCR was used for identification and virulence gene detection of isolated strains. A total of 5 E.coli O157:H7 strains were isolated from 539 samples from three farms (0.93%,5/539), 2 of them were from spring (1.44%,2/139),1 from autumn(0.56%,1/180),2 from winter (1.38%,2/145) and no strains were isolated from summer samples. One strain were isolated from anus swab samples in farm B (0.69%,1/145) and one were isolated from anus swabs (0.66%,1/152) and three strains were isolated from feed samples in farm C (20.00%,3/15),and no target strains were isolated from water samples. The distribution of bovine E. coli O157:H7 had obvious seasonal characteristics.One E.coli O157:H7 strain of farm B was isolated from autumn and four of farm C were from isolated spring (2 strain) and winter (2 strain),and the isolation rate of E. coli O157:H7 in spring and winter were higher than that in summer and autumn. In conclusion,under the special climate characteristics and feeding mode in Xinjiang,to prevent and control the spreading of E. coli O157:H7 of cattle,we must pay great attention on hygiene management of pens at cold season, specially avoiding the feed contaminated by feces.     

猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7鞭毛蛋白抗原表位分析及验证

利用生物信息学分析大肠杆菌O157:H7鞭毛蛋白FliC的二级结构及亲水性、抗原指数、柔性区域和表面可能性等指数,预测大肠杆菌O157:H7鞭毛蛋白FliC的潜在B细胞抗原表位,为其致病性研究提供理论基础。利用DNAStar软件Protean程序中Garnier-Robson方法和Chou-Fasman方法分析鞭毛蛋白FliC的α-螺旋、β-折叠、转角区域和卷曲区域,通过Kyte-Doolittle方法、Karplus-Schulz方法、Emini方法和Jameson-Wolf方法分析鞭毛蛋白FliC的亲水性、柔性区域、表面可能性和抗原指数。综合分析得出鞭毛蛋白FliC 63-74、236-247、338-349、460-471、542-553位氨基酸序列为潜在的B细胞优势抗原表位。化学合成法合成优势抗原表位338-349和460-471肽段,免疫BALB/c小鼠3次后,采用ELISA方法验证抗体水平。ELISA结果显示,338-349、460-471肽段具有很强的抗原性,能引起BALB/c小鼠产生高滴度的抗体。     

牛源大肠杆菌O157：H7的分离及毒力基因鉴定

从2个牛场采集新鲜粪便,增菌后,免疫磁珠富集,涂布筛选性培养基,挑取可疑菌落用rfbE/fliC二重PCR和血清学方法鉴定。设计毒力基因stx1、stx2、eae、hlyA和tccp相应引物,针对O157：H7对分离株进行PCR鉴定。口服攻毒链霉素处理的BALB/c小鼠明确分离株致病性。结果显示,成功分离到7株出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7,并且有1株迟缓性发酵山梨醇麦康凯培养基。毒力基因检测显示,其中6株毒力因子表型为stx1-stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,另有1株表现型为stx1＋stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,各分离株tccp基因均为阳性,但携带的重复片段数量有差异。所采集样品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7的检出率高达12%。1×1010 CFU同剂量口服接种经PBS洗涤的5株O157：H7分离株全菌,小鼠存活率有差异分别为40%,50%,60%,20%,50%,各分离株在小鼠体内排菌时间也有差异分别为攻毒后7,9,13,13,15d。     

猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7体外氟苯尼考耐药诱导及对抗菌药物敏感性变化研究

为初步研究猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7 (E.coli O157:H7)对氟苯尼考耐药性的产生和消除机制,本研究采用亚抑菌浓度体外耐药诱导的方法将两株猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7诱导成氟苯尼考高度耐药菌株,采用无氟苯尼考压力下连续传代培养的方法将获得的氟苯尼考耐药菌株的氟苯尼考耐药性消除,检测耐药诱导菌和耐药消除菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,并检测菌株质粒携带的耐药基因。结果显示,经氟苯尼考耐药诱导,猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7对氟苯尼考、阿莫西林、头孢唑啉、头孢拉定和头孢噻吩由敏感变为耐药,对头孢噻肟的敏感性由敏感变为中介,对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和阿奇霉素由中介变为耐药;而经耐药消除后,菌株恢复对上述药物的敏感性;在菌株的质粒中检测到氟苯尼考耐药基因、喹诺酮类耐药基因和β-内酰胺酶基因,与耐药表型相符。结果表明,在氟苯尼考压力的长期存在下,猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7对氟苯尼考产生耐药,且对青霉素类、头孢类和喹诺酮类药物产生交叉耐药,在去除氟苯尼考压力下连续培养,可消除菌株的部分耐药性。     

All blood, No stool: enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a pathotype of diarrheagenic E. coli that produces one or more Shiga toxins, forms a characteristic histopathology described as attaching and effacing lesions, and possesses the large virulence plasmid pO157. The bacterium is recognized worldwide, especially in developed countries, as an emerging food-borne bacterial pathogen, which causes disease in humans and in some animals. Healthy cattle are the principal and natural reservoir of E. coli O157:H7, and most disease outbreaks are, therefore, due to consumption of fecally contaminated bovine foods or dairy products. In this review, we provide a general overview of E. coli O157:H7 infection, especially focusing on the bacterial characteristics rather than on the host responses during infection.