赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌抑菌作用的研究

为了探究赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用,采用微量肉汤稀释法与微量棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与赤芍水提物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、磷霉素、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟、利福平联合作用后的FICI分别为0.27、2.50、1.02、1.01、3.00、0.28、1.02、1.02、1.02、2.02、1.02、0.75、0.56、0.75、0.50、3.00、0.75、0.38。结果表明赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、氟苯尼考、利福平联合作用时有协同作用;与林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶联合作用时有相加作用;与阿莫西林、左旋氧氟沙星、加替沙星、阿奇霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星联合作用时表现为无关作用。     

国内几个绵羊品种转铁蛋白多态性研究

试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶水平板电泳,检测了蒙古羊、小尾寒羊、新疆肥臀羊和兰州大尾羊转铁蛋白的多态性。结果发现,蒙古羊中存在TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfG和TfL6个复等位基因,TfA和TfB为优势基因,频率分别为0.3500和0.2750;小尾寒羊中存在TfA、TfB和TfC3个复等位基因,频率分别为0.3210,0.3930和0.2860;新疆肥臀羊存在TfA、TfB、TfC和TfD4个复等位基因,频率分别为0.0750,0.6750,0.2250和0.0250;兰州大尾羊中存在TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfG和TfL和TfM7个复等位基因,其中TfB和TfC为优势基因,频率分别为0.4845和0.3528。蒙古羊、小尾寒羊、新疆肥臀羊和兰州大尾羊转铁蛋白基因平均杂合度分别为0.7338,0.6607,0.4875,0.6338。     

巴马小型猪动物模型在医学领域的研究进展

巴马小型猪是中国原产地闭锁繁殖的优质品种,具有遗传稳定性、理想的毛色分布、体型小、多产性、饲养要求低、抗病力强等优势,且在生理学、解剖结构、药物代谢、生化指标和疾病发生机制等方面与人类相似,已用于心血管、皮肤整形、内分泌及代谢、消化、口腔医学、异种移植、中医、麻醉学、神经系统等广泛医学领域的研究,建立了心肌缺血、冠脉微栓塞、卵圆孔未闭、动脉粥样硬化、皮肤创伤、经皮给药、代谢综合征、糖尿病及其并发症、梗阻性黄疸、慢性胰腺炎、肝硬化、肝脏射频消融、牙周组织炎症、下颌骨缺损、异种器官/细胞移植、中医征候、手术麻醉、脑缺血、支架植入、休克等一系列类似于人类疾病的动物模型,表明巴马小型猪作为理想的试验动物在生物医学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。作者综述了巴马小型猪作为试验动物在各医学领域的应用进展,了解现有巴马小型猪疾病模型的种类、构建方法及病理特征,有助于进一步探索具体的病因、发病机制、并发症和防制手段等,为拓展研究范围、提高医学水平奠定了科学基础。     

湖北地区鸭疫里氏杆菌体外耐药性测定

采用纸片扩散法对从湖北地区分离鉴定的86株致病性鸭疫里氏杆菌进行了体外药物敏感性测定.结果表明,耐药性高的药物为复方新诺明、青霉素、红霉素、呋喃唑酮和杆菌肽,耐药率分别高达100%、100%、88%、70%、67%;其次为环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星,耐药率分别为40%、35%、35%;敏感度高的药物为氟苯尼考、头孢噻...     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Prototheca zopfii isolated from bovine intramammary infections

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on 48 strains of Prototheca zopfii, an achlorophyllous algae causing refractory mastitis in dairy cows; 27 antimicrobials were evaluated. All strains were susceptible to both myxin and nystatin. In addition, 22 strains were susceptible to amphotericin B, 21 to polymyxin B, and 18 to gentamicin. Only 1 strain was susceptible to kanamycin. All strains were resistant to ampicillin, bacitracin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clotrimazole, cloxacillin, erythromycin, flucytosine, ketoconazole, lincomycin, miconazole, neomycin, nitrofurazone, novobiocin, oleandomycin, penicillin, rifampin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin.     

An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses

Objective Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. Study design Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. Animals Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. Methods Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and Surgi‐Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO₂) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co‐oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. Results Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90–100%) RMSD ranged from 2–5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.     

C、D型貂源铜绿假单胞菌的生物学特性鉴定及免疫效果评价

从辽宁和黑龙江2个水貂养殖场死亡水貂肺中分离出13株铜绿假单胞菌,血清型鉴定分别为C型和D型,命名为PK13-C和H2F-D。为了解其作为疫苗株的免疫效果,测定了其运动能力、绿脓菌素生成能力、生长曲线、毒力、免疫原性及耐药性。结果表明,PK13-C对小鼠和水貂的毒力分别为7.5×106CFU和7×105CFU,泳动能力及群集运动能力较强,抽动能力较弱,生物被膜形成能力中等;H2F-D对小鼠和水貂的毒力分别为2.05×107CFU和2.2×106CFU,泳动能力较弱,但群集运动及抽动能力较强,生物被膜形成能力较弱。二者对本血清型菌株的免疫保护率均为100%,对异种血清型菌株的保护率为80%~90%。2个株菌均可产生绿脓菌素。生长曲线显示2个菌株于4h进入对数生长期,于18h左右进入平稳期。药敏试验结果表明,2个株菌对氯霉素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林/舒巴坦耐药。     

临床型乳房炎奶牛致病性大肠杆菌血清型研究

为有效防治乳房炎以及进一步研究致病性大肠杆菌的危害性,本研究对呼和浩特市某奶牛场16头患临床型乳房炎的奶牛进行采样分析了致病性大肠杆菌。结果表明,在16份粪样、乳样中致病性大肠杆菌的检出率分别为100%和68.75%,血样中未检出致病性大肠杆菌。经动物试验表明,所检出的致病菌均有强致病力。在血清型鉴定中,粪样中分离鉴定出致病性大肠杆菌为O51、O55、O127、O7、O91、O101、O112、O92、O142血清型较多;乳样中分离出的致病性大肠杆菌为O55、O101、O112、O134、O51、O53、O78、O91、O126、O128、O158血清型较多。且粪样中分离出的致病性大肠杆菌42种血清型,乳样中分离出的致病性大肠杆菌33种血清型中具有25种血清型相同,分别为:O8、O35、O44、O51、O55、O61、O62、O65、O69、O80、O91、O92、O95、O96、O98、O99、O100、O101、O112、O120、O127、O134、O142、O153、O158。因此可见,作为环境性病原菌,大肠杆菌侵入乳房而引发了奶牛乳房炎。     

湘西黄牛生产性能的研究

分析测定了湘西黄牛公牛258头和母牛625头各不同年龄的体重、生长指数、屠宰性能及母牛的繁殖性能.结果湘西黄牛公牛初生、6、12、18、24、36、48、60月龄的体重分别为15.86、113.7、161.5、183.63、231.43、280.03、323.23、353.25 kg;母牛体重分别为14.16、102.5、152.46、169.04、208.46、250.86、278.44、295.64 kg.成年牛体长指数为113.6,胸围指数为135.9,体躯指数为119.7.未经育肥的公牛和母牛的屠宰率、净肉率、骨肉比分别为45.5%、36.52%、1∶4.45和42.91%、34%、1∶4.6;经育肥的公牛分别为48.9%、38.56%、1∶4.82.母牛初配年龄为24.03月,发情周期21.07 d,妊娠期281.02 d,繁殖率68.21%,成活率95.35%,泌乳期215.5 d.为进一步开发利用湘西黄牛遗传资源提供了基础资料.     

Hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values in greyhounds before and after exercise

After racing 722 m, 16 Greyhounds were evaluated to determine changes in hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values following exercise. Values were determined before racing (T0), immediately after racing (T1), and 3 hours after racing (T2). Significant changes detected immediately after racing included increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Significant changes in hematologic values included increases in PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Change was not detected in values for monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Other increases included those for plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium, lactic acid, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose. Concentrations of potassium and urea did not change. Measurement of blood-gas and acid-base status revealed significant increases in PaO2 and base deficit, whereas PaCO2, pH, and bicarbonate decreased. Three hours after exercise, all vital signs and blood-gas and acid-base values, except for PaCO2, which was still slightly low, had returned to baseline (T0) values. Most biochemical values had also returned to baseline, although sodium, chloride, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase were still high, and urea was low. Many hematologic values were still different from baseline values, with high values for WBC, neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and low values for PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, and lymphocytes.     

青海细毛羊血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对４０１只青海细毛羊的血清运铁蛋白多态性进行了研究。结果表明：①青海细毛羊血清运铁蛋白座位上有ＴＦＡ，ＴＦＧ，ＴＦＢ，ＴＦＣ，ＴＦＤ，ＴＦＭ，ＴＦＥ和ＴＦＱ８个等位基因，其中ＴＦＣ（０．３８７８）和ＴＦＡ（０．２４９４）为优势等位基因；②已发现ＴＦＡＡ，ＴＦＡＧ，ＴＦＡＢ，ＴＦＡＣ，ＴＦＡＤ，ＴＦＡＭ，ＴＦＡＥ，ＴＦＡＱ，ＴＦＧＧ，ＴＦＧＢ，ＴＦＧＣ，ＴＦＧＤ，ＴＦＢＢ，ＴＦＢＣ，ＴＦＢＤ，ＴＦＢＭ，ＴＦＣＣ，ＴＦＣＤ，ＴＦＣＭ，ＴＦＣＱ，ＴＦＤＤ，ＴＦＤＭ，ＴＦＤＥ２３种基因型，以ＴＦＡＣ（２０．９５％）的出现频率最高；③ＴＦ座位的基因杂合度为０．７３８１；④在公羊组和母羊组，ＴＦ基因型与体重、毛长和产毛量之间无显著性联系。     

驯鹿β-防御素-1(reBD-1)mRNA在驯鹿组织器官中的表达检测

为了检测reBD-1 mRNA在驯鹿体内可能的表达器官,研究根据已知的reBD-1 cDNA序列设计了一对预计扩增产物为121 bp的引物,以驯鹿舌、食管、瘤胃、网胃、皱胃、十二指肠、回肠、结肠、肝、肺、气管、肾、膀胱、睾丸、附睾、心脏、脾脏中提取的总RNA为模板,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术检测驯鹿的上述器官内reBD-1 mRNA的表达情况.结果显示:reBD-1 mRNA在上述组织器官中均有表达,其中在舌、瘤胃、睾丸中表达最强;在食管、十二指肠、结肠、气管、脾脏中有中等量的表达;在网胃、皱胃、回肠、肝、肺、肾、膀胱、附睾、心脏内的表达较弱.β-防御素reBD-1在驯鹿体内的广泛表达提示reBD-1有助于驯鹿的先天性宿主防御.     

塔里木马鹿血液蛋白多态性的研究

本研究采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,分析了 3 3头塔里木马鹿的血清白蛋白 (Alb) ,后白蛋白 (Po) ,转铁蛋白 (Tf) ,后转铁蛋白 (Ptf) ,血清蛋白酶抑制物 1 (Pi Ⅰ) ,血清蛋白酶抑制物 2 (Pi Ⅱ) ,后白蛋白 1 (Po Ⅰ) ,后白蛋白 2 (Po Ⅱ)共 8个蛋白座位的基因型频率、基因频率和群体遗传变异指标。结果表明 ,Po Ⅱ和Alb座位呈单态 ,其余各蛋白座位均呈多态。在多态座位中Pi Ⅱ和Po Ⅰ各有 3种基因型 ,分别受两个等位基因所控制。Ptf有 6种基因型 ,受3个复等位基因控制。Po有 4种基因型 ,Tf和Pi Ⅰ各有 3种基因型。群体遗传变异指标 (杂合度 )计算结果表明 ,Ptf,Tf和Po的杂合度较高 ,分别为 0 .6 3 0 5 ,0 .6 1 2 9和 0 .5 94 6 ,有效基因数也较多 ,分别为 2 .70 6 1 ,2 .5 83 6和 2 .4 6 6 6。     

多花黑麦草在生长肉兔上的营养价值评定

本试验旨在评定初花期多花黑麦草在生长肉兔上的营养价值。试验选取60日龄平均体重(2.20±0.32)kg的健康新西兰兔24只,随机分为2组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只。试验饲粮采用套算法进行配制,多花黑麦草的替代比例为20%;试验采用全收粪法进行消化试验,预试期和正试期各7 d。结果表明:1)多花黑麦草中总能、干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙、总磷和无氮浸出物含量分别为16.78 MJ/kg、92.24%、10.20%、1.64%、26.09%、51.80%、31.35%、7.72%、0.66%、0.28%和46.59%;2)多花黑麦草在生长肉兔中的表观消化能为7.21 MJ/kg,生长肉兔对多花黑麦草中总能、干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙、总磷和无氮浸出物的表观消化率分别为33.45%、48.36%、44.18%、84.45%、25.91%、22.73%、22.25%、26.10%、62.87%、13.94%和61.42%。由结果可知:初花期多花黑麦草中粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量相对较高,总磷含量相对较低;生长肉兔对初花期多花黑麦草中不同营养成分的消化率存在一定差异,其中以粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、无氮浸出物的表观消化率较高,总磷的表观消化率较低。     

Expression patterns of the implantation-associated genes in the uterus during the estrous cycle in mice

The mRNA expression patterns of EGF, HB-EGF, Amphiregulin, EGF receptor, IGF-1, CSF-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor type 1, IL-1 receptor antagonist, LIF, COX-1, COX-2, Mucin-1, calcitonin, and rat USAG-1 mouse homologue, all of which are involved in the process of conceptus implantation to the endometrium, were examined during the estrous cycle by means of real-time quantitative PCR. COX-2, HB-EGF, LIF, Mucin-1, CSF-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist were temporally regulated during the estrous cycle and highly expressed during the estrous stage. In the case of COX-1, EGF, IGF-1, and EGF receptor, the highest mRNA expression was during the diestrous stage. In contrast, the rat USAG-1 mouse homologue mRNA expression did not change during the estrous cycle. These results indicate that rat USAG-1 mouse homologue expression at implantation might be specifically regulated by embryonic factors rather than the maternal environment.     

Partitioning of nutrient and trace elements in feed between body retention,faeces and urine by growing dairy-breed steers

The partitioning of nutrients and trace elements from feeds, drinking water and mineral supplements on growth, faeces and urine of growing cattle was studied with eight steers in a balanced Latin square design with two replicates, each comprising four treatments (diet compositions), four periods and four animals. The treatments were four rations with a silage proportion of 15, 30, 60 and 100% of the dry matter. Records were taken of the individual intake of silage, concentrates, mineral supplements and water, and excretions by collecting all urine and faeces. All feeds, urine, faeces and water were analysed for their content of Al, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, S, Se, and Zn. Elements that were mainly excreted in faeces (Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, P, and Zn) tended to have a constant uptake in amount. As there is a fairly good correlation between DM consumption and faeces production, it is possible to estimate the amount of these elements excreted at farm level by analysing a faeces sample. Elements that are excreted in significant amounts in both faeces and urine (Cl, K, Mg, Mo, N, Na, S, and Se) tended to have a constant uptake over treatments as a fraction of the feed content. It is more difficult to estimate the amounts of these elements at farm level because it is more difficult to predict urine production than faeces production.     

云南保种山羊线粒体DNA限制性酶切研究

采用碱变性法,提取来自云南省不同地区４个保种山羊的１３个个体的线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）,并用ＡｐａⅠ,ＡｖａⅠ,ＢａｍＨⅠ,ＢｃｌⅠ,ＢｃＩⅠ,ＢｇｌⅡ,ＣｌａⅠ,ＤｒａⅠ,ＥｃｏＲⅠ,ＥｃｏＲⅤ,ＨａｅⅠ,ＨｉｎｄⅢ,ＫｐｎⅠ,ＰｓｔⅠ,ＰｖｕⅡ,ＳａｃⅠ,ＳａｌⅠ,ＳｍａⅠ,ＳｔｕⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ等２０种限制性内切酶进行酶切分析。结果发现它们的线粒体ＤＮＡ的分子量大小约为１５．８Ｋｂ;不同限制性内切酶的酶切位点分别为：ＤｒａⅠ有７个酶切位点,ＡｖａⅢ有６个酶切位点,ＥｃｏＲⅤ和ＳｔｕⅠ共有５个酶切位点,ＨｉｎｄⅡ和ＨａｅⅡ有４个酶切位点,ＢａｍＨⅠ,ＢｇｌⅡ,ＰｓｔⅠ和ＰｖｕⅡ有３个酶切位点,ＡｐａⅠ,ＣｌａⅠ有两个酶切位点,其余有１个酶切位点。各保种山羊间未发现变异,说明云南的４个保种山羊极可能来自于共同的母性祖先。     

母猪子宫内膜炎的病原分离及药敏试验

为了解和掌握吉林农业科技学院猪场猪子宫内膜炎的情况,取母猪的子宫内容物分别采用显微镜观察法、鉴别培养法和生化试验方法,鉴定出有葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌这四种细菌,并将鉴定出来的细菌做药敏试验。结果显示葡萄球菌和链球菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明敏感,对链霉素中度敏感,对青霉素、苯唑青霉素、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟钠耐药;沙门氏菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明、头孢噻肟钠敏感,对链霉素、阿米卡星中度敏感,对青霉素、苯唑青霉素产生耐药性;大肠杆菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明、阿米卡星、头孢塞肟钠敏感,对链霉素中度敏感,对青霉素、苯唑青霉素耐药;中药复方制剂对体外抑菌试验有效果。     

GC-TOFMS方法对彭水盐肤木蜂蜜指纹图谱的初步分析

采用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC-TOFMS)的代谢组学方法,对彭水盐肤木蜂蜜的有机成分进行测定分析,共检测出83种有机物,主要为酸类、氨基酸类和芳香族类物质。所检测的两个样品H1和H2,H1所测得的有机成分有81种,H2有62种,H1、H2共同拥有的有机物60种。不同的有机物有N-乙酰色氨酸、L-色氨酸、焦谷氨酸、鸟氨酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-α-氨基丁酸、庚二酸、乙基甲基乙酸、延胡索酸、戊二酸、烟酸、衣康酸、甲基琥珀酸、丙二酸、2-甲基丁酸、月桂酸、柠康酸、吲哚-3-乙酰胺、羟基苯基乳酸、3-羟基苯乙酸、3-吲哚乙腈、邻羟基苯乙酸和嘌呤。     

Mo、Co微肥配施对盆栽紫花苜蓿效应研究

采用盆栽试验,研究Mo、Co微肥配施对紫花苜蓿Medicage sativa生长发育、品质和微量元素含量的影响,结果显示：Mo、Co微肥配施能促进紫花苜蓿株高、草产量的增加,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、磷、钙等营养指标含量的提高,Cu、Mo、B、Zn、Co等微量元素含量增加,降低粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物的含量;而适当Mo、Co微肥配施能增加紫花苜蓿Mn含量,显著提高其株高、鲜草量及粗蛋白、P、Ca、Fe、Cu、Mo、Zn、Co的含量,显著降低紫花苜蓿粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物的含量