斑点叉尾鮰致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离

从贵州乌江库区某渔场发病的斑点又尾鲴中分离出4株细菌。经形态学、染色特性、溶血性和生理生化特性鉴定，分离到3株嗜水气单胞菌。实验接种到鲤和小白鼠分别于48h和72h全部死亡，并从实验鲤鱼和小白鼠中回收到分离菌。药敏试验表明，它们对常用抗生素呈不同程度的敏感性。     

致病性嗜水气单胞菌及其所致鱼病综述

尽管早在1891年就有因嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染引致蛙“红腿病”的报道,但由于该菌在自然界尤其是水中广泛分布,一般为正常共栖菌,因此长期以来对其致病性并未重视。近年来在我国南方各省淡水养殖鱼类流行暴发性传染病,有报道系为该菌所致败血症。此外在其它水生经济动物、哺乳动物亦有类似发现。人类因之而发生胃肠炎及伤口感染的病例也日渐增多。嗜水气     

斑点叉尾鮰源嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌胞外产物的生物学特性与致病性研究

本实验对斑点叉尾鮰源嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Sma）胞外产物（Extracellular products,ECP）的生物学特性及其致病性进行了研究。结果表明,Sma胞外产物具有脂肪酶、蛋白酶、明胶酶和脲酶等多种酶活性;同时具有溶血活性、肠毒性和Vero细胞毒性;且对小鼠和斑点叉尾鮰都具有明显的致病性和致死性。     

嗜水气单胞菌3种疫苗对斑点叉尾免疫原性比较研究

将经福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、菌体脂多糖(LPS)和菌体外膜蛋白(OMP)作为免疫原,分别接种斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus Rafinsque)后,通过测定受免鱼的凝集抗体效价,头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和用A.hydrophila活菌攻毒的方法,探讨了斑点叉尾对A.hydrophila的3种疫苗的免疫应答状况和对活菌攻毒的免疫保护效果。试验结果显示:对斑点叉尾经腹腔注射接种3种疫苗均能刺激受免鱼产生较强的免疫应答,3种疫苗的受免鱼均产生了特异性凝集抗体,接种F-Ah灭活菌苗的试验鱼最高,接种OMP疫苗的试验鱼其次,而接种LPS疫苗的试验鱼血清中凝集抗体效价最低;与未接种疫苗的对照鱼相比,受免鱼头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性明显上升,头肾和血液中吞噬细胞活性由高到低依次是LPS、OMP和F-Ah免疫接种的斑点叉尾;活菌攻毒的结果证明接种3种疫苗的受免斑点叉尾A.hydrophila的感染产生了不同程度的相对免疫保护力(RPS),以OMP免疫接种后的斑点叉尾RPS最高,达到72.5%,接种LPS的斑点叉尾稍差,RPS为62.5%,而RPS最低的是接种F-Ah的免疫组,RPS只有24.2%。     

鲟鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

嗜水气单胞菌 (Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ,Ａｈ) ,是一种重要的人—畜—鱼共患病的病原菌 ,可以感染多种鱼类并造成大量死亡 ,是无脊椎动物 (如虾)和脊椎动物 (如鱼 )养殖的一大杀手。 2 0 0 2年 9月江苏省东台市某养殖场养殖的俄罗斯鲟(Ａｃｉｐｅｎｓｅｒｇｕｅｌｄｅｎｓｔａｅｄｔｉ)、杂交鲟 (ｂｅｓｔｅｒ)发生大量死亡 ,病鱼的主要症状为病鱼腹部、嘴四周、眼睛、硬鳞基部出血 ,肛门红肿。剖检有淡红色腹水 ,肝脏肿大呈土黄色 ,有坏死灶。肠系膜、脂肪组织和生殖腺等有出血班。后肠及螺旋瓣出血发炎 ,并充满泡沫状粘液…     

斑点叉尾人工繁殖试验

在 3个面积 1亩以下的试验池内 ,按密度为 51— 75kg 亩、性比 1:1配对放养 3.5kg 尾的亲鱼 ,使用自己配制粗蛋白含量 38%的饲料强化培育 ,设置产卵巢 ,流水刺激诱导产卵 ,结果产卵顺利 ,平均产卵率 4 2 .9% ,最高为 66.7%。采用改进的孵化缸对卵块孵化 ,平均孵化率88.9%。     

斑点叉尾鮰暴发性败血症病原的分离与鉴定

从3尾表现出血症状的患病斑点叉尾鮰（lctalurus Punctatus）体内各分离出一株病菌，测定结果显示致其急性死亡的致病菌为温和气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria），慢性死亡的致病菌分别为嗜水气单胞菌（A．hydrophila）和温和气单胞菌（A．sobria）。药敏试验结果表明：3株菌对广谱抗生素如氨苄青霉素、青霉素、先锋霉素Ⅵ和红霉素等已产生耐药性，而对菌必治、头孢肤肟和复达欣等高度敏感；菌株Jh-1和菌株Yh-3对复方新诺明、四环素、氟哌酸和丁胺卡那霉素高度敏感，而菌株Jh-2却低度敏感；环丙沙星和诺氟沙星对3株致病菌均具较好的抑菌、杀菌作用。     

斑点叉尾鮰对气单胞菌抗原接种免疫效果观察及间接ELISA检测分析

通过用分离于斑点叉尾鮰病例的嗜水气单胞菌制备成免疫原,经纯化并制备ELISA诊断试剂。经腹腔接种健康斑点叉尾鮰,同时在免疫接种后50d,70d,90d,做相应气单胞菌的人工感染试验和ELISA检测试验。结果表明,斑点叉尾鮰对嗜水气单胞菌抗原免疫可以产生良好的免疫抗体应答,其保护效果与抗体水平有一定的相关性,经免疫后的鱼对相应菌株的感染具有一定的免疫保护作用。     

斑点叉尾苗种培育试验

斑点叉尾苗种培育从卵黄苗培育开始 ,包括鱼苗培育和鱼种培育两个阶段。卵黄苗以枝角类为开口饵料 ,以后逐渐增加投喂罗氏沼虾仔虾料 ,鱼苗生长发育良好 ,成活率达 90 %以上。鱼种培育用出膜 10— 15天 ,全长 2 .0cm的鱼苗 ,按 774 2尾 亩 ,10 551尾 亩 ,14981尾 亩三种密度放养 ,投喂粗蛋白含量 32 %以上的配合饲料 ,经 99— 133天的培育 ,分别获得 4 3.7克 尾、18.8克 尾、10 .9克 尾三种规格的鱼种     

酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾免疫应答的增强作用

在饲料中添加定量的酵母免疫多糖,投喂注射接种了福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)菌苗的斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus),28 d后通过测定供试鱼的增重量、血清中凝集抗体效价、溶菌酶活性、谷丙转氨酶活性(SGPT)、血清总蛋白含量、白细胞吞噬活性以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率(RPS),探讨了酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾免疫应答的增强作用。结果表明,用添加200.0 mg/(kg.d)酵母免疫多糖的饲料投喂受免斑点叉尾,不仅可以使受免斑点叉尾对灭活嗜水气单胞菌的免疫应答水平提高,增强抵抗嗜水气单胞菌人工感染的能力,而且还具有一定的促进生长和改善肝功能的作用。     

酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾(鮰)免疫应答的增强作用

在饲料中添加定量的酵母免疫多糖,投喂注射接种了福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)菌苗的斑点叉尾(鮰)(Ictalurus punctatus),28 d后通过测定供试鱼的增重量、血清中凝集抗体效价、溶菌酶活性、谷丙转氨酶活性(SGPT)、血清总蛋白含量、白细胞吞噬活性以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率(RPS),探讨了酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾(鮰) 免疫应答的增强作用.结果表明,用添加200.0 mg/(kg·d)酵母免疫多糖的饲料投喂受免斑点叉尾(鮰),不仅可以使受免斑点叉尾(鮰) 对灭活嗜水气单胞菌的免疫应答水平提高,增强抵抗嗜水气单胞菌人工感染的能力,而且还具有一定的促进生长和改善肝功能的作用.     

斑点叉尾暴发性败血症病原的分离与鉴定

从3尾表现出血症状的患病斑点叉尾鱼回(Ictalurus Punctatus)体内各分离出一株病菌,测定结果显示致其急性死亡的致病菌为温和气单胞菌(Aerom onas sobria),慢性死亡的致病菌分别为嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)和温和气单胞菌(A.sobria)。药敏试验结果表明:3株菌对广谱抗生素如氨苄青霉素、青霉素、先锋霉素Ⅵ和红霉素等已产生耐药性,而对菌必治、头孢肤肟和复达欣等高度敏感;菌株Jh-1和菌株Yh-3对复方新诺明、四环素、氟哌酸和丁胺卡那霉素高度敏感,而菌株Jh-2却低度敏感;环丙沙星和诺氟沙星对3株致病菌均具较好的抑菌、杀菌作用。     

斑点叉尾病毒病研究概述

简要介绍了斑点叉尾病毒病的临床症状、流行病学特征、诊断与防治方法以及病毒的生物学特性与检测技术等。     

The Effect of Understocking Density of Channel Catfish Stockers in Multiple-Batch Production

A multiple-batch study was conducted using stocker catfish (0.09 kg/fish) and carryover fish (0.39 kg/fish) to look at the effects of different stocker densities on fish production. Twelve 0.1-ha ponds were stocked with 7,400; 11,120; or 14,825 stockers/ha, and equal weights of carryover fish (2,268 kg/ha). Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation with a 32% protein floating feed and aerated with a single 0.37-kW electric paddlewheel aerator. No significant differences were detected for gross, net, and net daily yields, growth (g/d), or survival. Sub-marketable yield (<0.57 kg) increased as stocking density increased. However, marketable yields (≥0.57 kg) were not affected by density. Carryover fish in high-density ponds had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) mean weight at harvest, but mean stocker weight was not different across densities. Economic analysis found breakeven prices increased and net returns decreased with increased stocking density when sub-marketable fish were not considered as revenue. The study indicated the possibility that stockers compete with large carryover fish, particularly at higher densities.     

Temporary Sequestration of Fingerling Channel Catfish in Cages as a Means to Improve Production of Multiple-Crop Ponds

Abstract

Two studies were conducted to determine if temporary sequestration of fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in cages improves production of multiple-crop ponds. In the first study, 0.04-ha ponds were stocked with 295 large (mean weight = 566 g) and 780 fingerling (mean weight = 21 g) catfish. Fingerlings were stocked into cages or open ponds. At 120 days after stocking, fish in cages were released. After an additional 40 days, ponds were clean-harvested to remove large (>500 g) and small (<500 g) fish. In the second study, ponds (0.08-ha) were stocked with 750 large (mean weight = 46 g) and 750 small (mean weight = 20 g) fingerling catfish. Small fingerlings were stocked into cages or open ponds. At 60 days after stocking, fish in cages were released. Market-ready fish were selectively harvested at five and nine months after stocking. Results from the first study indicated that individual weight, weight gain, and yield of both size classes of fish raised in sequestered ponds were significantly greater (P< 0.05) than that of fish raised in open ponds. In addition, total weight gain and yield of fish in sequestered ponds was significantly greater (P< 0.05) than those in non-sequestered ponds. Results from the second study indicated that a significantly greater (P< 0.05) number of market-ready fish were harvested from sequestered ponds than from non-sequestered ponds. Mean yield of sequestered ponds was 31% greater than that of non-sequestered ponds; however, differences were not significant (P> 0.05). Amount of feed fed to fish raised in sequestered ponds was significantly greater (P< 0.05) than amount of feed fed to fish raised in non-sequestered ponds in both studies. It is unclear which factor or factors were responsible for the enhanced production of sequestered ponds; however, temporary sequestration may reduce agonistic behavior and competition for feed between fish size groups.     

利用mtDNA控制区序列分析斑点叉尾(鮰)的遗传多样性

利用m tDNA控制区序列对1984、1997年引进的斑点叉尾鮰群体遗传多态性进行了分析。通过PCR产物测序法,测定了40尾斑点叉尾鮰线粒体DNA的一段包括部分Cytb基因、tRNAThr、tRNAPro、D-loop控制区和部分tRNAThe长度为1256 bp的核苷酸序列,经过比对分析得到7个序列单元型。7个单元型中共有13个碱基转换位点,全部发生在控制区,其序列相似度平均为99.58%。群体总的序列单元型多态性比例为17.5%,其中1997年群体的单元型多态性比例为35%,是1984年群体单元型多态性比例(15.0%)的2倍多。初步表明1984年引进的群体遗传多样性较低。