八种针叶树抗旱生理指标的研究：PV技术在测定树木抗旱性中的应用

应用ＰＶ技术对油松、侧柏等８种针叶枝的抗旱生理指标进行了研究，结果表明，ＰＶ技术可以快速准确测定植物的某些水分参数，８种针叶树抗旱性排序为：侧伯〉油松〉杜松〉圆柏〉云杉〉柳杉〉雪松〉水杉，要全面研究植物的抗旱性，应在ＳＰＡＣ系统中研究植物生理，生态特性及解剖学特点。     

太原市10种园林植物健康评价

调查了太原市10种园林植物的健康状况。结果表明:白玉兰、白皮松、白蜡、云杉、榆树、栾树等树种的生长势比国槐、合欢、油松、毛白杨等树种的生长势好;各树种生长状况基本健康。     

辽西地区三个常见树种的抗旱性的研究

为筛选辽西地区最佳抗旱树种,试验以云杉、侧柏和油松1年生树苗为研究对象,从抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质两方面对持续干旱条件下云杉、侧柏和油松3个树种的抗旱生理指标进行了测定,并综合比较了三个树种对干旱胁迫的响应能力。结果表明,3个树种均具有良好的抗旱水平,比较而言,抗旱能力强弱顺序为油松云杉侧柏。     

组织培养苗木试验报告

一、试验工作情况1978年开展苗木组织培养试验工作,共配制培养基1120瓶,接种总瓶数989瓶,污染数557瓶,保存数432瓶,经培养后得到分化茎的29瓶,分化根的46瓶,完整苗的8瓶。接种培养的树种有油松、水杉、黑松、大果松、落叶松、雪松、樟子松、刺楸、泡桐、毛白杨、截叶毛白杨、河北杨、大关×钻_(-12)杨、油橄榄、刺槐、天津小叶榆等,培养后一般均能得到愈伤组织,得到分化结果的树种有水杉、落叶松、泡桐、河北杨、截叶毛白杨、大关×钻_(-12)杨、天津小叶榆等树种。二、试验方法1.培养基的试用:本试验采用了 MS、米勒、N_6、RT、马铃薯等几种培养基。培     

组织培养法在树木育种中的应用

近年来,国内外把组织培养作为树木营养繁殖手段,不少树种已由体细胞愈伤组织再生出完整植株。如:欧洲桦、柠檬桉、巨桉、灰杨、美洲黑杨、欧美杨、黑杨、钻天杨、欧洲山杨、美洲山杨、美国松、花旗松、柳杉、长叶松等。1978年3月以来,我们对小黑杨、毛白杨、合作杨、水杉、雪松、华山松、云杉、白蜡、松柏、榆树等形成层,以及乔松、红松、华山松的离体胚进行了培养,并已从小黑杨分化出完整植株,从毛白杨、合作杨、榆的     

武汉市不同树种吸附PM2.5能力研究

以武汉市常见绿化树种侧柏、雪松、水杉、竹子、洒金桃叶珊瑚、广玉兰、无患子为研究对象,应用气溶胶再发生器检测植物叶片PM2.5吸附量,再进行定量分析,并通过电镜观测分析植物叶表面的形态结构特征。结果表明:不同树种叶片对PM2.5的吸附能力存在显著差异,基本表现为针叶树种高于阔叶树种;不同树种叶表面形态结构特征对叶片吸附PM2.5的能力有显著影响;叶表面存在气孔、细密沟状等组织有利于叶片吸附PM2.5;叶片表面平滑,凹凸起伏程度较小不利于叶片吸附PM2.5。     

引种针叶树种矿质元素浓度及季节变化的比较研究

以８～１０年生的引种试验林为取材对象,分别在１９９２年４月３０日、７月３０日、１０月３０日及１９９３年１月３０日,同时采１５个树种当年和１年生针叶,测定Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ和Ｍｇ浓度。结果表明,矿质元素浓度种间存在极显著差异。各元素浓度高低总趋势为Ｎ＞Ｋ＞Ｃａ＞Ｐ＞Ｍｇ。松属中单维管束亚属和双维管束亚属分别表现为富Ｎ、Ｍｇ和Ｋ、Ｐ两种元素含量型。树种间Ｍｇ元素季节动态存在显著多样性,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ动态模式松类树种具有极大的相似性。     

酸雨pH值对福建省森林土壤酸中和能力的影响

本文研究了酸雨ｐＨ值对福建省森林土壤酸中和能力的影响，结果表明：福建省森林土壤的酸中和能力主要取决于土壤对ＳＯ２－４的吸附能力；在试验范围内，降雨ｐＨ值与土壤ＡＮＣ和ＡＮＣｃ值呈显著正相关，而与ＡＮＣａ值无显著相关性     

玻璃纤维和亚麻屑增强三倍体毛白杨木质(刨花)复合材料的研究

以三倍体毛白杨木质刨花为主要原料，短切玻璃纤维丝和亚麻屑混合为增强材料，胶粘剂采用ＢＮ—１号ＰＦ 树脂，并以复合材料的复合原理、产品用途及工业化生产可行性为原则，设计具有混杂表层的增强三倍体毛白杨木质 复合材料，同时对复合工艺进行了系统研究。结果表明：这种复合材料结构设计合理，采用适当工艺条件制备的具有 混杂表层的三倍体毛白杨木质复合材料其产品的ＭＯＲ、ＭＯＥ得以大大提高，产品性能达到或超过欧共体定向结构 板（ＰｒＥＮ３００－９４ＯＳＢ／４）标准的要求，可作为集装箱底板的替代材料。     

天然杉木混交林伴生树种落叶量及大量元素含量

通过对武夷山天然杉木混交林中杉木和各伴生树种的凋落量及落叶中大量元素的分析，结果表明：杉木及其各伴生树种单株年凋落量大小顺序为：苦槠＞丝栗栲＞甜槠、木荷＞米槠＞杉木＞毛竹；杉木各伴生树种落叶中Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ含量均比杉木高，但杉木落叶中Ｃａ、粗灰分、Ｍｇ的含量较高。     

不同林龄水杉人工林群落特征比较研究

通过对南方山地不同林龄水杉人工林生态系统进行全面调查与群落特征的比较研究。结果表明:不同林龄水杉林林下植物种类数量表现为27年生水杉林>32年生水杉林,27年生水杉林的多样性指数均大于32年生水杉林,27年生水杉林林下植被发育较好,有利于林分群落结构的改善和水杉人工林生态系统生产力的维持。     

活性炭对苯及甲苯蒸汽吸附能力相关性的研究

以4种性质不同的粉状活性炭为对象,研究了它们对苯及甲苯蒸汽吸附能力。得知：活性炭对苯及甲苯蒸汽的吸附能力具有较好的相关性,可以用甲苯代替苯作吸附质来评价活性炭对有机溶剂蒸汽的吸附能力,并发现两者的相关性程度与活性炭的平均孔隙半径大小有密切关系。     

北京大兴区森林资源固定样地调查分析

通过对北京市大兴区126个森林资源固定样地调查,以2012年固定样地株数为基础数据进行分析,结果显示:126个样地共有26个树种,2020年12月调查,保存率为90％～100％的树种有香花槐(Robinia pseudoacia cv.'Idaho')、国槐(Sophora japonica)、新疆杨(Populus ...     

浙北海涂区树种耐盐性试验研究

选用海涂区农田防护林的主要造林树种美洲黑杨，水杉，女贞，杉木，香樟，珊瑚树等12个树种为试材，在上虞市海涂实验农场轻，中、重度盐渍化土壤中进行树种耐盐性试验，结果表明，各树种抗盐能力不同，美洲黑杨，水杉，女贞，珊瑚树，海桐等树种，耐盐临界值为0．22％－0．25％，具有较强抗盐能力。树种耐盐临界值，应以林木生长期测定为准。     

The effects of different nitrogen sources on camptothecin content and related gene expression in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings

Camptotheac acuminata Decne is a unique tree species in China with an important secondary metabolite,camptothecin(CPT),used in the treatment of cancer.Nitrogen(N) is an important element that affects plant growth and the accumulation of CPT.Reports on the effect of N on CPT synthesis from a genetic perspective are scarce.To explore the effects of different N sources and levels on CPT synthesis in C.acuminata,two-year-old seedlings were fertilized with different concentrations of pure ammonium sulphate,source of ammonium N(NH_4~+-N),and potassium nitrate for nitrate N(NO_3~--N).Concentrations of 2.5,5,7.5,and10 g pot~(-1) NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N were used.The results showed that 7.5 g NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N treatments were best for growth and fresh weight of leaves.Compared with the other treatments,the CPT content,tryptophan synthase and tryptophan decarboxylase activities,and expression of the CaTSB and CaTDCl genes under the 2.5 g NH4+-N and NO_3~--N treatments peaked significantly at 30 days.However,the expression of CaTDC2 surpassed that of the other two genes at 60 days.Therefore,compared with NH4+-N source,the NO_3~--N source was more beneficial for growth,and NO_3~--N was better for CPT yield.Consequently,leaves of C.acuminata treated with 2.5 g NO_3~--N could be harvested after 30 days to obtain maximum CPT content.CaTDC1 is more closely linked to CPT synthesis.The results of this study improved the production of CPT in C.acuminata via fertilization.     

水杨梅等5个树种造林耐水性比较试验

在太湖滩地采用水杨梅、光蜡树、水杉、池杉和柳树（对照）进行耐水性比较试验,结果表明：（1）在淹水深度10.0～30.0 cm、连续淹水时间40 d,水杨梅和柳树（对照）的成活率分别为100%和99.5%,光蜡树、水杉和池杉的成活率分别为19.5%,30.2%和31.1%。（2）水杨梅的耐淹水能力略高于柳树（对照）,水杨梅的生长势和生长量一切正常,且叶色翠绿。     

不同氮源作用下红松苗木根际pH的变化及其对根际磷的影响(英文)

用Kuchenbuch与Jungk所描述的根垫法,研究了两年生红松苗木根际变化过程。土壤样品长白山20mm土壤层,用不同形式的氮肥(NO3--N,NH4+-N和NH4NO3)进行处理,结果表明: 对照处理时近根pH值与有效P均低于土体;与对照相比,NH4+-N处理显著降低近根处pH值并促进了P吸收,产生更为明显的有效磷亏缺区;与NH4+-N处理相反,NO3--N处理使根际pH值相对于土体增加,延缓了P的吸收,近根处有效P含量与土体基本持平。NH4NO3处理时,根际pH值仅比对照略低,其对磷吸收的影响与对照处理相似。     

Effect of artificially accelerated aging on the vigor of Metasequoia glyptostroboides seeds

Metasequoia glyptostroboides is an endangered relict plant native to China that has been widely introduced into many countries and areas around the world. However,its seeds germinate at a very low percentage. Consequently,population regeneration by seed is low under natural conditions, which probably contributes to the endangered status of this plant species. The present study aimed to describe the aging mechanism of M. glyptostroboides seeds. Our objective was to elucidate causes of the low germination rate in an effort to enhance potential for conservation of the species. We used germination tests,relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content determination, ultrastructural observation of embryo cells, and analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase,ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase activities during accelerated aging treatment. We found that M. glyptostroboides seeds have a low level of vigorand poor ability to maintain vigor, which is probably associated with the inefficiency of its enzymatic antioxidative system.     

湿地松等5树种在太湖滩地造林耐淹水性比较试验

在太湖滩地用湿地松、美国白蜡、水杉、池杉和柳树（对照）进行了不同树种、不同区域、不同淹水期和不同淹水深度的耐水湿对比造林试验。在淹水深度20～60．5cm、连续淹水时间达40d时观察结果为：①湿地松和柳树（对照）的成活率分别为99．7％和99．5％;美国白蜡、水杉和池杉的成活率分别为19．5％,30．2％和31．1％。②在太湖滩地湿地松表现与柳树（对照）一样,生长势和生长量一切正常,湿地松为常绿树种,病虫害较少,从绿化、美化和景观考虑,建议湿地松作为太湖滩地造林树种之一,并建议作为我国太湖地区淡水森林湿地植被恢复与重建的的适生树种之一。     

Biomass structure and nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient of Calamagrostis angustifolia populations in different communities of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Calamagrostis angustifolia is the dominant species in the typical meadow and marsh meadow communities of Sanjiang Plain. The study on its biomass, the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in its different organs showed that the biomass of different C. angustifolia organs in the two types of wetland communities was distinctly different, which could be described by polynomial. The biomass of aboveground part and each organ presented single peak changing, with the maximum value of the latter occurred 15 days after. The F/C values were all less than 1, which were bigger in typical meadow than those in marsh meadow. The total N and P contents in different organs of aboveground part all descended monotonically in growth season, with the order of leaf>vagina>stem. The change of total N content in roots of the two types of C. angustifolia was consistent, while that of total P was quite different. The content of total N, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ⁻-N), especially of NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ⁻-N, varied widely in different organs, with NH₄ ⁺-N/NO₃ ⁻-N>1. Root was the important storage of N and P, but the storage of N and P in stem, leaf and vagina fluctuated greatly. The N/P ratios of the two types of C. angustifolia were all less than 14, which implied that N might be the limiting nutrient of C. angustifolia, and the limitation degree was higher in typical meadow than that in marsh meadow. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(2): 221–228 [译自: 应用生态学报]