甘肃榆中县常见草本植物检索系统的设计与实现

草本植物物种的鉴别和分类是草地资源调查和相关学科科研教学的重要组成,对于传统植物鉴别和信息查询方式而言,其过程费时费力且较为繁琐,难以满足使用需求.随着计算机技术的不断发展与运用,为植物图像数据库构建、分类、检索工作提供了新的手段和方法.基于Access平台,建立了甘肃省榆中县常见草本植物图像数据的资源信息数据库,包括13个科256个种的常见草本植物.在此基础上,利用VBA语言设计并开发了该地区的植物检索系统.精度评价结果表明,当输入形态特征信息数为3条时,除了禾本科以外,植物识别率在70％以上;输入形态特征信息数为6条时,植物识别率均在80％以上,其中车前科、旋花科、莎草科和蒺藜科识别率可达到100％.该系统对各科草本植物的识别准确度较好、系统操作简便、可视化效果好,能满足大部分使用需求.     

世界各国对转基因食品的态度和管理

1 前言 转基因食品是指由转基因微生物、转基因作物和转基因家畜生产的食品.     

潜江市的动物标识及疫病可追溯体系建设

2008年,潜江市作为湖北省唯一试点县市,开展了动物标识及疫病可追溯体系建设试点工作.2008年,全市共向农业部中央数据库发送标识信息近50万条,全市家畜标识佩戴率达到100%,标识信息录入率达到97.8%,信息录入准确率达到94.9%.潜江市动物养殖信息作到了透明化、网络化和标识及疫病的可追溯化,并总结出了一整套实施方案在全省推广.现笔者将潜江市动物标识及疫病可追溯体系建设方案介绍如下,供交流.     

家畜分子育种研究进展

本文综述了家畜（猪）的主效数量性状基因座育种和转基因育种的研究进展。主要包括构建基因图谱，并据此定位主效数量性状基因座或与之连锁的DNA标记；通过转基因技术来改良家畜重要经济性状或生产生化制剂或进行器官移植的研究。     

中国畜禽寄生虫虫种数据库的建立

以《中国家畜家禽寄生虫名录》和《中国畜禽寄生虫形态分类图谱》为基础，使用Microsoft Access2003和Borland Delphi7．0建立了《中国畜禽寄生虫虫种数据库》。该数据库系统详细记录了寄生于我国17种普通家畜家禽的2169种寄生虫在全国的地理分布状况和所属门、纲、目、科、属的分类特征及724种寄生虫的形态结构等信息，为我国畜禽寄生虫虫种资料的检索提供了便捷、高效的计算机工具，对我国畜禽寄生虫的科研、教学和寄生虫病防治工作具有重要的参考价值。     

转基因技术家畜研究上的应用

转基因技术是现代生物技术中一个重要的研究领域,是21世纪生物技术发展的热点之一,目前已有转基因猪、牛、羊等多种转基因动物问世.笔者对动物转基因研究方法以及其在家畜研究上的应用进行了综述.同时指出了转基因动物还存在的问题.最后就其未来发展前景进行了展望.     

中国畜禽寄生虫查询系统与开放接口的建立

随着互联网的发展,网络移动端和PC端的普及,互联网在信息获取中所占的比重不断增长。在畜禽寄生虫分类领域,至今还没有信息较为完整的查询系统可以在网上使用。通过采集《中国家畜家禽寄生虫名录(第二版)》、《中国畜禽寄生虫形态分类图谱》和《中国畜禽线虫形态分类彩色图谱》等系列书籍,作为数据库的信息来源,建立中国畜禽寄生虫数据库。在数据库和需求分析的基础上,开发了中国畜禽寄生虫查询系统,根据功能定义分为4大子系统,分别为搜索系统(核心)、前台系统(页面、用户)、管理系统、单点登录系统。该系统使用Java作为开发语言,应用了Spring、SpringMVC、Mybatis框架,使用Redis作为系统缓存、Solr作为虫种形态搜索服务。该系统的开发也是全文检索技术在寄生虫信息检索领域的首次应用,通过记录用户访问的数据,来完善虫种地区访问的记录,为虫种鉴定提供更多的数据支撑。     

使用Profiler跟踪优化数据库系统

SQL Server Profiler记录数据库服务器中所发生活动的详细信息。可以配置Profiler以便用大量的可配置性能信息监视并记录在SQL Server中执行查询的一个或多个用户。可在Profiler中记录的性能信息有:I/O统计信息、CPU统计信息、锁定请求、T-SQL和RPC统计信息、索引和表扫描、警告和引发的错误、数据库对象的创建/除去、连接/断开、存储过程操作、游标操作等等。     

转基因动物生物反应器的研究进展

自80年代初转基因“超级小鼠”诞生以来，转基因动物的研究经历了20多年的发展，已成为生物技术研究领域中最具活力和商业化前景的热点，其研究对象极其广泛，涉及到小鼠、家畜、禽类、鱼类和人类。转基因动物的问世，为利用基因工程手段获得低成本、高活性和高表达的产物开辟了一条重要途径。作为生物反应器的转基因动物，它的优越性有：     

转基因植物口服疫苗研究进展

利用转基因技术构建植物生物反应器,生产口服疫苗是目前新兴的研究领域。与其他疫苗生产方式相比,转基因植物口服疫苗生产技术具有高效、经济和简便等特点。根据转基因植物口服疫苗的特点,人和家畜家禽摄食方式的不同,应用转基因植物口服疫苗预防集约化饲养动物传染病的发生和流行,具有更为重要的意义。因此,转基因植物口服疫苗的研究热点逐渐由人的转基因植物口服疫苗向家畜和家禽的转基因植物口服疫苗的方向转移。文章就转基因植物口服疫苗的优点、人口服的转基因植物疫苗、家畜饲用的转基因植物疫苗及禽用的转基因植物口服疫苗做一综述。     

Production of transgenic livestock: promise fulfilled

The introduction of specific genes into the genome of farm animals and its stable incorporation into the germ line has been a major technological advance in agriculture. Transgenic technology provides a method to rapidly introduce "new" genes into cattle, swine, sheep, and goats without crossbreeding. It is a more extreme methodology, but in essence, not really different from crossbreeding or genetic selection in its result. Methods to produce transgenic animals have been available for more than 20 yr, yet recently lines of transgenic livestock have been developed that have the potential to improve animal agriculture and benefit producers and/or consumers. There are a number of methods that can be used to produce transgenic animals. However, the primary method to date has been the microinjection of genes into the pronuclei of zygotes. This method is one of an array of rapidly developing transgenic methodologies. Another method that has enjoyed recent success is that of nuclear transfer or "cloning." The use of this technique to produce transgenic livestock will profoundly affect the use of transgenic technology in livestock production. Cell-based, nuclear transfer or cloning strategies have several distinct advantages for use in the production of transgenic livestock that cannot be attained using pronuclear injection of DNA. Practical applications of transgenesis in livestock production include enhanced prolificacy and reproductive performance, increased feed utilization and growth rate, improved carcass composition, improved milk production and/or composition, and increased disease resistance. One practical application of transgenics in swine production is to improve milk production and/or composition. To address the problem of low milk production, transgenic swine over-expressing the milk protein bovine alpha-lactalbumin were developed and characterized. The outcomes assessed were milk composition, milk yield, and piglet growth. Our results indicate that transgenic overexpression of milk proteins may provide a means to improve swine lactation performance.     

A French inventory of gaseous emissions (CH4, N2O, NH3) from livestock manure management using a mass-flow approach

A new methodology based on (1) national data concerning livestock and rearing practices and (2) a mass-flow approach was developed to quantify ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions resulting from manure management in France. A literature review was performed to determine emission factors for each animal type and each management stage. A Microsoft Access® database containing these emission factors, the census data and manure compositions was then developed, allowing the calculation of gaseous emissions by the mass-flow approach. From this database, a national gas emissions inventory resulting from manure management was drawn up for the year 2003. Total NH₃ emissions were estimated at 382 kt N, mainly arising from cattle (72%). Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated at 14.0 Tg CO₂-eq. for N₂O and 10.2 Tg CO₂-eq. for CH₄. Most of the N₂O emissions occurred after the deposition of manure on soil during cattle grazing, while the CH₄ was mainly produced during the period where cattle manure remained in livestock buildings and in outside storage facilities. Moreover, an evaluation of the uncertainty was performed considering the standard deviation obtained for the emission factors.     

家畜行为智能监测系统的研究进展

家畜行为是家畜心里、生理健康状况的外在表现。家畜行为监测、分析有利于建立行为模型并发觉异常行为,减少经济损失。目前国内主要依赖于养殖人员人工观察方式监测家畜行为,主观性强且精度低。随着现代信息技术的不断发展,智能化行为监测方法也在快速发展和不断更新。论文阐述了基于电子测量仪器的运动识别、基于视频的动作状态识别和基于声音的情绪表达识别方法的研究现状,进一步展望了家畜行为智能监测系统的后续研究方向,以期建立家畜行为数据采集数据库和行为分析专家系统,挖掘家畜行为的深层含义。     

Web数据挖掘在新疆畜牧科技信息资源库中的应用

web数据挖掘,是数据挖掘技术与Web的结合,是在Web环境下通过更高层次的数据分析从Web文档和相关数据中发现、提取有用的信息,促进信息有效利用。文描述了Web数据挖掘在新疆畜牧生产数据库中的应用和在新疆畜牧科技信息资源库用户分析中的应用。     

Identifying animal welfare impacts of livestock air transport

Air transport of livestock occurs frequently from most Australian major cities. The total journey time starts with road transport from the farm or pre-export facility to the departing airport where livestock are crated, and ends with the unloading of animals at the premises or farm in the importing country. We reviewed the literature regarding airfreight and conclude that there was minimal information on current practices within this industry, particularly for procedures after arrival at the Australian airport, and during the on-board phase.     

Enhancing livestock through genetic engineering--recent advances and future prospects

Transgenic technology allows for the stable introduction of exogenous genetic information into livestock genomes. With its ability to enhance existing or introduce entirely novel characteristics at unprecedented magnitude and speed this emerging technology is expected to have a profound impact on the genetic improvement of livestock in the future. The continual advances in animal genomics towards the identification of genes that influence livestock production traits and impact on human health will increase its ability and versatility for the purposeful modification of livestock animals to enhance their welfare, produce superior quality food and biomedical products and reduce the environmental impact of farming. In contrast to biomedicine, which has so far been the main driver for this technology platform, the potential opportunities for animal agriculture are more challenging because of the greater demands on cost, efficiency, consumer acceptance and relative value of the product. While various transgenic concepts for the genetic improvement of livestock animals for agriculture are being evaluated the integration of this technology into practical farming systems remains some distance in the future.     

精原干细胞的分选、培养及转基因应用探讨

精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)是成年哺乳动物精子发生的基础,具有自我更新和定向分化潜能,能够向后代传递遗传信息。利用SSCs的特点,可以建立转基因动物制作的技术,即分离SSCs、体外培养增殖、基因转染、移植、交配获得转基因动物后代的技术路线,有望应用于家畜经济性状的基因改良。     

转基因技术在畜牧兽医中的发展前景

通过简要叙述转基因动物研究的发展简史、研究现状和存在问题 ,对转基因动物育种、药物生物反应器、组织器官移植 ,以及基因治疗和免疫等前景进行了综述。在此基础上 ,从畜牧兽医角度出发提出了追踪发展趋势的几点思考。     

Communications and Data Collection: Lessons from Studies in the Extensive Livestock Production Areas of Kenya

Two-way communication, a key component in the effective delivery of veterinary services to livestock keepers, has conventionally been difficult in the extensive pastoralist livestock production systems of Kenya. These difficulties lie in the challenges of the harsh terrain and poor road system, which exacerbate the problems posed by the large distances between frontline personnel and headquarters staff. Information and communication technology provides an opportunity for addressing these data communication challenges, facilitating rapid and broad-based sharing of information throughout the livestock value chain. The platform provided by the mobile technology enables early warning of impending disease events, essential for effective containment of outbreaks that result in knowledgeable interventions. The lessons learned in establishing mobile data communications for the extensive livestock production areas of Kenya are described in this article. The advantages of available technology are discussed and suggestions put forward on how the transmission of data from remote field locations to a central database can be extended for use in other related situations.     

转基因动物制作技术及其基因载体研究进展

论文概述了家畜转基因动物的制作方法,初步分析了用于转基因技术的基因载体种类,深入探讨了不同载体的优缺点,并展望了基因载体的发展趋势。