共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
紫茎泽兰为桉树林下革本层的优势种,为探讨紫茎泽对蓝桉种子萌发及苗生长的化感作用,采用盆栽试验,用其叶不同浓度水提液(0,0.005,0.01,0.02,0.04 g/mL)对蓝桉种子进行处理.结果表明:不同浓度水提液对蓝桉种子萌发(发芽速率、发芽势、发芽率)、苗生长(地径、高度)及生物量(根重、茎重、叶重、总重)均有显著的影响;随着处理浓度的增加,种子萌发、苗生长、生物量受抑制作用增强;种子萌发、苗生长、生物量与处理浓度之间均呈极显著负相关.处理60 d比处理30 d对苗生长的化感抑制作用加大,说明蓝桉幼苗生长受抑制作用随处理时间延长而增大.在林下及林缘广泛分布的紫茎泽兰,可通过化感作用影响蓝桉的天然更新和生长. 相似文献
2.
桉树化感效应下Si对植物种子萌发的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
采用完全随机试验设计方法,研究桉树叶水浸提液对水稻、黑麦草、玉米、绿豆4种受体植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,探索外源硅(Si)对4种受体植物受桉树化感胁迫的缓解机制。试验结果表明:(1)在桉树叶水浸提取液处理下,对绿豆的化感作用不显著,对水稻、玉米和黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗生长则表现为显著的抑制现象,其中桉树叶水浸提取液对根长抵制作用大于芽;随着桉树叶水浸提取液浓度的增大,4种受体幼苗的根系活力持续下降。(2)加入外源Si能较好地缓解4种受体植物对桉树的化感效应,表现为发芽情况、伸长量、生物量都明显提高,根系活力增强。不同受体植物受桉树化感作用的影响及Si对桉树叶水浸提液胁迫的缓解作用有差异。 相似文献
3.
Allelopathic influences of aqueous extracts of congress grass ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.) were investigated on germination and seedling vigour of cereals (rice and wheat) and pulses (black gram and chick pea).
The observations on germinations of crop seeds were recorded daily while linear growth of plumules and radicles were measured 2, 4 and 6 days after initiation of study. Aqueous extract of this weed exhibited allelopathic effects on germination and seedling vigour of both cereals and pulses. With increase in concentrations of aqueous extract there was decline in percentage of germination in both cereals and pulses but germination of pulses were more adversely affected than cereals.
It was also observed that aerial portion of plant part was found to be more potent than sub-aerial portion in reducing germination and length of roots and shoots of both cereals and pulses under test. The aqueous extract of 10 % concentration obtained from aerial/sub-aerial portion of plant brought about maximum reduction in length of roots and shoots. 相似文献
The observations on germinations of crop seeds were recorded daily while linear growth of plumules and radicles were measured 2, 4 and 6 days after initiation of study. Aqueous extract of this weed exhibited allelopathic effects on germination and seedling vigour of both cereals and pulses. With increase in concentrations of aqueous extract there was decline in percentage of germination in both cereals and pulses but germination of pulses were more adversely affected than cereals.
It was also observed that aerial portion of plant part was found to be more potent than sub-aerial portion in reducing germination and length of roots and shoots of both cereals and pulses under test. The aqueous extract of 10 % concentration obtained from aerial/sub-aerial portion of plant brought about maximum reduction in length of roots and shoots. 相似文献
4.
5.
B. Marambe 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(5):323-329
The starch metabolism and hydrolytic enzyme activities in growing tubers of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in response to defoliation were examined to elucidate the regrowth physiology of the plant. Effects of complete or partial defoliation imposed at 2 or 4 weeks (single defoliation), or 2 and 4 weeks (repeated defoliation) after emergence (WAE) on plant growth were studied.
Leaf area and leaf dry weight per plant in the control plots increased with time. In the mother tuber, dry weight and starch content were reduced by 16 % and 18 %, respectively, during the first 2 WAE, and then increased with time. Endoamylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activity of tubers (3.8 units g−1 dry tuber) increased by 42 % during the first 4 WAE, but decreased rapidly up to 8 WAE.
Repeated defoliation significantly reduced the regrowth ability of nutsedge tubers when compared to single defoliation and the control. Repeated complete defoliation reduced the leaf area and leaf dry weight by 56 % and 69 %, respectively. The dry weights of mother tuber and total tubers 100 cm−2 were reduced by 41 % and 63 %, respectively, when compared to the control at 8 WAE. Endoamylase activity and starch content in the mother tuber in this treatment were reduced by 72 % and 56 %, respectively. Defoliation did not have any significant effect on the exoamylase activity.
Endoamylase is the major starch hydrolysing enzyme in tubers and the activity of this enzyme could be a limiting factor in regrowth of nutsedge tubers. Repeated complete defoliation effectively suppressed the regrowth of purple nutsedge. 相似文献
Leaf area and leaf dry weight per plant in the control plots increased with time. In the mother tuber, dry weight and starch content were reduced by 16 % and 18 %, respectively, during the first 2 WAE, and then increased with time. Endoamylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activity of tubers (3.8 units g
Repeated defoliation significantly reduced the regrowth ability of nutsedge tubers when compared to single defoliation and the control. Repeated complete defoliation reduced the leaf area and leaf dry weight by 56 % and 69 %, respectively. The dry weights of mother tuber and total tubers 100 cm
Endoamylase is the major starch hydrolysing enzyme in tubers and the activity of this enzyme could be a limiting factor in regrowth of nutsedge tubers. Repeated complete defoliation effectively suppressed the regrowth of purple nutsedge. 相似文献
6.
实验在严格受控条件下研究了意大利苍耳不同器官的水浸提液对油葵种子萌发的影响,以评价在种子萌发阶段意大利苍耳对油葵的化感抑制潜力。结果表明,意大利苍耳各器官的水浸提液均对油葵种子萌发产生了强烈的、具有浓度和器官依赖性的化感抑制效应,随着浸提液浓度的提高,化感抑制活性显著增强;与根和茎相比,叶片和果实的化感抑制活性更强。意大利苍耳不同器官水浸提液不仅减缓了油葵种子的萌发速度、推迟了种子的萌发时间,而且显著地降低了油葵种子的萌发率;其中在100 g·L^-1浓度的根、茎、果实、叶片水浸提液中,油葵种子14 d的累积萌发率较对照组分别下降了27%、48%、53%和78%。因此,意大利苍耳凋落物和残茬的化感抑制作用所造成的油葵种子的萌发变缓、萌发延迟以及萌发失败,可能是导致油葵大量缺苗的重要原因之一。 相似文献
7.
测定紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)地上部水提液对两种辣椒种子萌发、幼苗生长及一些生理的影响.结果表明,低浓度对独山种子发芽速率、萌发率没有影响,高浓度延迟种子发芽,降低种子发芽速率影响最终萌发率,高浓度抑制幼苗的生长;低浓度对福泉辣椒种子提高发芽速率最终提高萌发率,低浓度时幼苗根和苗生长增加,高浓度抑制根长和苗高的生长,有明显的化感作用特征.两种辣椒幼苗丙二醛含量随着处理浓度的升高而升高,叶绿素a/b值随着处理浓度的升高而降低. 相似文献
8.
为了探索紫茎泽兰对三叶鬼针草的化感作用,研究了紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液和枯落物对三叶鬼针草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液对三叶鬼针草种子萌发有一定的抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,种子发芽率逐渐降低,3%浓度时,种子已不能萌发,对胚根的抑制作用强于胚芽,对幼苗的生长有微弱的促进作用;枯落物水浸液对种子的萌发抑制作用弱于叶片水浸液,随着枯落物添加量的增加,三叶鬼针草长势越好,能够促进植株体内物质的积累。说明三叶鬼针草能够在紫茎泽兰入侵地上生长良好,可以采用三叶鬼针草代替紫茎泽兰,为紫茎泽兰的防控发挥作用。 相似文献
9.
红小豆根系水浸提液对4种受体作物的化感作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为选择适合红小豆的接茬作物,采用室内培养皿生物测定方法,对不同浓度的红小豆根系水提液下红小豆、萝卜、白菜、小麦的化感效应进行了研究。结果表明:红小豆水提液对自身种子发芽率、发芽指数具有极强的化感抑制作用;随着红小豆根系水提液浓度的增大,3 种受体作物的种子发芽率和发芽指数均呈现降低趋势;从幼苗的根长、幼叶长、侧根数、株高及鲜质量等形态指标上来看,只有小麦随着红小豆根系水提液浓度的增大呈现出促进作用,其余2 种受体作物均呈现出抑制作用,但这种抑制作用在低浓度下差异不显著;萝卜、小麦的SOD、POD活性随着红小豆根系水提液浓度的增大而增强,但白菜的2 种酶活性呈现出下降趋势;小麦、萝卜幼苗的MDA含量表现出降低,白菜MDA含量却显著增加。说明受体作物小麦可作为红小豆的轮作作物、萝卜在与红小豆轮作方面也有着很大的应用潜力。 相似文献
10.
南方红豆杉种子不同溶剂提取液对白菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过生物检测方法研究了南方红豆杉种子的种皮和胚乳的石油醚、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醚以及水浸提液对白菜籽发芽率和幼苗生长的化感作用,结果表明,其浸提液对白菜发芽及生长均有抑制作用,且随浸提液浓度增大抑制作用增强。种皮和胚乳甲醇相抑制物质对种子的萌发及生长抑制活性最强,抑制率达100%,种皮的石油醚相、乙醚相和乙酸乙酯相对发芽率的抑制作用强于胚乳,胚乳水相的抑制作用强于种皮;对白菜苗高生长的抑制作用,水相中低浓度处理的种皮抑制作用大于胚乳,高浓度处理时则相反;种皮石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相对白菜根长生长抑制作用大于胚乳,而乙醚相和水相中则相反。胚乳中各相对白菜苗高生长的抑制作用由强到弱依次甲醇相、乙酸乙酯相、乙醚相、石油醚相、水相;对发芽率和根长生长抑制作用由大到小依次甲醇相、乙醚相、乙酸乙酯相、水相和石油醚相。种皮中各相对苗高和根长生长的抑制作用由强到弱依次甲醇相、石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、乙醚相和水相,对白菜籽发芽率的抑制作用由大到小依次为:甲醇相、乙醚相、乙酸乙酯相、石油醚相和水相。 相似文献
11.
为探讨紫茎泽兰地上部分气态挥发物对杉木种子发芽的化感作用,在半透明密闭保鲜盒内分别用25,75,225 g紫茎泽兰新鲜茎叶对杉木种子进行处理.结果表明,不同质量处理对杉木种子发芽过程有明显的影响,随着处理质量的增加,首日发芽数量下降,达到发芽高峰的天数延迟,发芽高峰当天发芽数降低,发芽过程曲线图由对照的急升急降逐渐变缓.不同质量处理对杉木种子萌发(发芽势、发芽率、发芽速率、萌发指数)及幼苗生长(胚根长、胚轴长、鲜重、干重)均有显著的影响.25 g处理时对种子萌发及幼苗生长抑制作用较弱,随着处理质量的增加,抑制作用增强.杉木种子萌发及幼苗生长与处理质量之间呈极显著或显著的负相关,这些指标随着处理质量的增加呈直线下降.紫茎泽兰在林下及林缘的广泛分布,可通过化感作用影响杉木的天然更新和生长. 相似文献
12.
2种种植方式下不同化感杂交稻组合和新品系对稗草的抑制作用 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
以美国强化感稻‘PI312777’为对照,比较不同化感杂交稻组合和新品系抑制稗草能力的田间表现,探索利用水稻化感作用的有效方法。采用移栽和直播2种水稻种植方式,对水稻封行前抑草率、竞争抑草率、灌浆期抑草率、伴生稗草平均株高和稗草单株干物重进行调查分析。化感稻移栽条件下对于稗草株高和干物重的抑制效果优于直播条件;直播条件下化感稻的化感抑草率大于移栽条件下,且变异系数较小,可见直播方式更利于化感稻种植;环境条件是化感稻抑草作用发挥的重要影响因子,其中竞争抑草率受环境的影响较大,化感作用表现相对稳定;相关分析表明化感稻的抑草作用并未对存活稗草的地上部分生长量有明显影响,增强化感稻的化感作用,能有效抑制田间稗草的萌发。实验结果显示了化感稻是更适于直播种植的材料,在生产上具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
13.
桉树的分子标记技术及遗传图谱构建进展 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
桉树是世界上的三大类速生树种之一,具有重要经济价值。本文着重论述了RFLP、RAPD、AFLP和SSR等4种DNA分子标记技术在桉树上的应用和推广,讨论了基于上述分子标记构建的桉树遗传连锁图的现状及其应用,提出了当前桉树遗传图谱构建存在的问题,进一步探讨了桉树的分子标记技术和遗传图谱构建的发展趋势。 相似文献
14.
为探讨林地树叶对牧草的影响,研究了阿丁枫、钟花樱桃、枫香和红花油茶鲜叶与枯落叶的浸提液对宽叶雀稗种子萌发及4种枯落叶覆盖对幼苗生长的影响,并研究了浇灌钟花樱桃鲜叶、阿丁枫枯落叶浸提液对宽叶雀稗幼苗的影响。结果表明:1)4种树叶对宽叶雀稗的发芽率和发芽指数有不同程度的降低作用,并抑制幼根生长,抑制程度随浓度增大而增强,低浓度时促进幼芽生长;2)枯落叶覆盖抑制株高和分蘖;3)浇灌钟花樱桃鲜叶和阿丁枫枯落叶浸提液抑制分蘖、减少地上生物量。研究表明,4种树叶主要抑制宽叶雀稗幼根生长、幼苗分蘖、株高和减少生物量,其中钟花樱桃鲜叶和阿丁枫枯落叶的抑制程度较强。 相似文献
15.
核桃醌对黄芩种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨核桃和黄芩复合种植的可行性,本文通过室内盆栽试验的方法研究了核桃主要化感物质核桃醌溶液对黄芩种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明:核桃醌对黄芩种子的萌发主要表现出抑制作用,随着浓度的升高,抑制作用逐渐增强;对幼苗生长的影响则受到核桃醌浓度和黄芩幼苗密度双因素的影响,在高浓度或高密度下表现出较强的抑制作用,在低浓度高密度下则表现出一定程度的促进作用,但此促进作用主要针对地上部分生物量,对具有较高药用价值的根部则表现出强烈的抑制作用,因此本文认为核桃和黄芩并不适宜采用林药复合种植模式。 相似文献
16.
17.
Allelopathic Effects of Parthenium hysterophorus Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Eragrostis tef 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Tefera 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(5):306-310
The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus weed on seed germination and seedling growth of tef. Flower, stem, root and leaf aqueous extracts of Parthenium at 0, 1, 5, and 10 % concentrations were applied to determine their effect on tef seed germination and seedling growth under laboratory conditions. Increasing concentrations of aqueous extracts of Parthenium from leaf and flower inhibited seed germination and complete failure of seed germination was recorded when the extract concentration from the leaf part was 10 %. In contrast, aqueous extracts from stem and root had no effect on tef seed germination. Roots appeared more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoots. Extracts from flower, root and stem had a stimulatory effect on shoot length at all concentration levels, as against an inhibitory effect of leaf extracts. Root extracts at low concentration (1 %) greatly promoted root length but aqueous extracts from leaf and flower inhibited root length. 相似文献
18.
以绿豆种子为受体,采用室内生测法,探讨黄花蒿不同部位水浸提液对绿豆种子的萌发率、幼苗生长及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:黄花蒿各部位(根、茎、叶)水浸提液随处理浓度增加,对绿豆的化感效应增强,对种子萌发的抑制强弱为:叶>茎>根,且随处理浓度升高,发芽率降低;对幼苗的根系生长表现为低浓度(20mg/mL根、茎水浸提液)促进,当浓度高达40mg/mL均有明显抑制作用;幼苗高度总体降低,最高降幅分别为46.29%,47.67%和56.48%;叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量也不同程度减少。可见黄花蒿影响绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长,因此大面积栽培黄花蒿或绿豆种植应考虑黄花蒿的化感效应。 相似文献
19.
用紫茎泽兰地上部分的完整鲜样、剪碎鲜样及杀酶烘干样3种不同处理方法的水提液对云南松种子进行处理,观察其对种子萌发的影响.结果表明,不同处理方法水提液对云南松种子萌发的化感作用不同.完整鲜样及低浓度(0.002 5 g/ml)杀酶烘干样水提液发芽高峰出现在第6天,其它处理及对照高峰出现在第7天.就发芽势及发芽速度而言,高浓度时(0.04 g/ml),剪碎鲜样及杀酶烘干样抑制作用较完整鲜样的强,中(0.0l g/ml)低浓度时完整鲜样促进作用大于剪碎鲜样,大部分完整鲜样与杀酶烘干样、剪碎鲜样之间差异达到极显著或显著水平,而杀酶烘干样与剪碎鲜样之间差异不显著.对发芽率来说,3种不同处理方法之间差异都不显著.化感作用的作用形式及作用大小往往与样品处理方式密切相关,在水提实验中,建议用完整鲜样进行浸提. 相似文献
20.
甘肃马先蒿化感作用对禾本科牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用三江源区"黑土滩"次生毒杂草群落优势植物甘肃马先蒿全株浸提液,对4种禾本科牧草种子发芽、幼苗生长的化感作用进行了研究。结果表明:甘肃马先蒿浸提液对禾本科牧草种子发芽和幼苗生长具有显著抑制作用(p0.05)。4种牧草对甘肃马先蒿浸提液敏感性强弱顺序为披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)青海冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophilacv.Qinghai)同德老芒麦(Elymus sibircus cv.Tongde)青海中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis cv.Qinghai.);4种牧草幼苗生长对甘肃马先蒿浸提液敏感性弱于种子萌发。 相似文献