Horner's syndrome associated with Neospora infection

A working collie cross was presented with a three-month history of vague neurological signs and a right-sided Horner's syndrome. Denervation hypersensitivity testing suggested a first order syndrome. There was a significant positive titre to Neospora and clinical signs resolved completely following treatment.     

Horner's syndrome associated with a functional thyroid carcinoma in a dog

A seven-year-old entire male Irish setter was presented because of a neck mass, prolapse of the third eyelid and apparent drooping of the upper eyelid. Historical findings included increased appetite as well as polyuria and polydipsia for about two weeks. The most remarkable findings on physical examination were right-sided Horner's syndrome, pre-scapular lymphadenopathy and a large, ventral cervical mass. Lateral cervical radiographs showed a large, soft tissue opacity surrounding the trachea and retropharyngeal area which was causing displacement and narrowing of the cervical trachea and oesophagus. Results of thyroid testing suggested hyperthyroidism. At necropsy, a large, invasive tumour was identified in the ventral cervical region and multiple metastases of various sizes were detected in the lungs. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed follicular thyroid carcinoma and confirmed widespread pulmonary metastasis.     

Postenucleation orbital sialocele in a dog associated with prior parotid duct transposition

An orbital sialocele developed in a dog following enucleation for protracted glaucoma. This eye had historically been treated for keratoconjunctivitis sicca by parotid duct transposition approximately 5 years previously, and the duct was ligated distally at the time of enucleation. One month following enucleation, the dog presented with a fluctuant conical-shaped swelling ventrolateral to the orbital socket. Surgical exploration revealed a dilated, fibrotic distal portion of the previously transposed parotid duct, and saliva, within the enucleated orbit. The distal portion of the duct and saliva-containing tissues from within the orbit were excised. The remaining proximal normal portion of the parotid duct was re-routed into the oral cavity. Clinicopathologic and histologic examination of the excised orbital contents and dilated portion of duct revealed a sterile sample of saliva and moderate chronic periductal fibrosis. At a 6-month re-evaluation there was no evidence of recurrence of the sialocele, and the parotid duct was functional.     

Horner's syndrome in a puppy

A puppy was presented with unilateral Horner's syndrome thought to have been in existence since the eyes first opened. No other clinical signs were evident and the condition was attributed to trauma during assisted birth. All abnormalities resolved spontaneously by 11 weeks of age.     

Bilateral trigeminal nerve paralysis and Horner's syndrome associated with myelomonocytic neoplasia in a dog

A 5-year-old male Doberman Pinscher had nasal stenosis, dropped mandible, bilateral atrophy of masseter and temporalis muscles, and Horner's syndrome caused by aleukemic myelomonocytic leukemia. Neoplastic cellular neurotropism, diffuse turbinate and nodular peribronchial infiltrate, and a hepatic portal infiltrative pattern similar to that of lymphoma were microscopic features of interest.     

Horner's syndrome associated with a mandibular symphyseal fracture and bilateral temporomandibular luxation.

Interruption of the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic pathway to the eye is reported to be a common cause of Horner's syndrome in the cat, although there are few clinical reports identifying the site and nature of the lesion responsible. A case of Horner's syndrome resulting from trauma to the periorbital structures following reduction of temporomandibular joint luxation is presented. In this case, the ophthalmic abnormalities resolved spontaneously over eight days.     

Pancreatic duct obstruction in a stunting syndrome of broiler chickens

Broilers suffering from stunting syndrome from three farms were shown to have pancreatic atrophy and fibrosis similar to that seen in pancreatic duct obstruction in chickens and mammals. Interlobular and intercalated ducts were found to be stenotic or occluded with inflammation and necrosis of the epithelium and wall. Inclusion bodies were seen in some duct cells. It is suggested that pancreatic duct obstruction is responsible for the maldigestion and pancreatic lesions seen in stunting syndrome.     

Enucleation or exenteration in two dogs with previous parotid duct transposition: parotid duct ligation versus reverse parotid duct transposition

Two dogs with previous parotid duct transpositions presented with unrelated ocular disease. In both cases, ophthalmic examination revealed the need for enucleation or exenteration. In case 1, systemic coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed with panuveitis and secondary glaucoma of the left eye. In this case, the parotid duct was ligated at the time of enucleation to stop salivary secretions. This dog encountered morbidity in the form of a sialocele that did not resolve for 11 months. In case 2, ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a discrete mass within the left medial orbit that was suspected to arise from the nictitating membrane. A combination of exenteration and parotid duct transposition reversal was performed to avoid morbidity associated with ligation of the parotid duct. The dog encountered no complications from this novel procedure. This case report represents the first report of re‐routing a transposed parotid duct from the ventral conjunctival sac back to the mouth at the time of enucleation or exenteration in the dog.     

Horner's syndrome in ten horses

Ten cases of equine Horner's syndrome were reviewed. None of the clinical signs in this series were transient (<48 hours). Sweating and ptosis were consistently observed by the attending clinician in over half of the affected horses. Enophthalmos and prolapse of the third eyelid were not reported consistently. The average duration of the clinical signs was 4.94 months and ranged from 14 days to 15 months. Eight of the ten horses developed associated complications, some of which affected performance. Airway obstruction and impedance of passage of a fiberoptic endoscope due to nasal mucosal edema occurred in five horses. Facial paralysis (4/10) and laryngeal hemiplegia (2/10), which are not direct features of Horner's syndrome, were also observed.     

Acupuncture treatment for idiopathic Horner's syndrome in a dog

A one-year-old female English Cocker Spaniel dog with idiopathic Horner''s Syndrome is described. The specific clinical signs in this specimen were miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, and prolapsed nictitans for 2 days following sudden onset. According to history taking, ophthalmic, neurological, and radiological examination, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic Horner''s syndrome. Manual acupuncture treatment was applied to the dog on local points two times in 2 days. The local acupoints were ST-4 (Di Chang) and GB-1 (Tong Zi Liao). The day after the initial acupuncture treatment, clinical signs related to idiopathic Horner''s syndrome had almost disappeared. The day after the second treatment, specific clinical signs were completely absent. During this period, the dog did not receive any orthodox treatment. Thus, it is suggested that manual acupuncture might be an effective therapy for idiopathic Horner''s syndrome.     

Horner's syndrome in cats and dogs: a review

The literature was reviewed and reference made to a retrospective study of cases of Horner's syndrome seen at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. It was concluded that the cardinal diagnostic sign of Horner's syndrome is miosis. Ptosis, prolapse of the third eyelid and apparent enophthalmos are frequently presented but other signs of sympathetic deficit such as facial or aural vasodilatation are observed less consistently. The clinical diagnosis may be confirmed by pupillary response to cocaine. Horner's syndrome was frequently associated with trauma and less commonly with neoplasia. In a significant number of cases the cause was undetermined. Lesions of central neurons are reported infrequently while lesions of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons are described more often and appear to have a similar incidence. Preganglionic lesions most frequently involve the thoracic spinal cord and cervical sympathetic trunk while postganglionic lesions usually result from middle ear and retrobulbar disorders. The site of the lesion may be determined on the basis of clinical signs and pupillary response to phenyladrenalin or hydroxyamphetamine which both distinguish postganglionic lesions from preganglionic and central lesions.     

Idiopathic Horner's syndrome in collie dogs

Seven cases of idiopathic Horner's Syndrome in the Collie are described. Five males and two females presented with unilateral miosis, ptosis of the upper eyelid, enophthalmos and protrusion of the third eyelid. Thorough examination, pharmacological testing with phenylephrine, complete blood counts and radiography of the tympanic bullae and thorax were performed. The etiology was not identified in any of the cases. Clinical signs improved with pharmacologic testing within 20–40 min. In five dogs, total resolution of clinical signs was observed at 4 and 16 weeks after their initial appearance. Pharmacological testing suggested that the deficit could be at the preganglionic neuron.     

Hematologic and biochemical abnormalities associated with induced extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in the cat

Bile duct obstruction was induced in 6 cats by surgical ligation and transection of the common bile duct. Clinical and laboratory changes were monitored weekly for 25 to 54 days. Clinical signs of obstruction were similar in all cats and included anorexia, pyrexia, lethargy, intermittent vomiting, weight loss, palpable gallbladder, hepatomegaly, and bleeding tendencies. Tissue jaundice and acholic feces were evident grossly as early as postsurgical day (PSD) 4 with a mean onset of jaundice at PSD 5.3 +/- 0.4. Hematologic changes were initially characterized by a mild neutrophilic leukocytosis that increased with the chronicity of bile duct obstruction. Regenerative anemia developed in 4 cats associated with gastrointestinal blood loss. Acute serum biochemical changes were characterized by a marked increase in the mean values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and copper. Comparatively, only moderate increases in mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity were observed. Mean total bilirubin values increased remarkably at postsurgical week (PSW) 1, reaching a maximal value of 23.1 +/- 4.4 mg/dl at PSW 3 with 71.6 +/- 2.7% direct bilirubin. With chronicity of bile duct obstruction ranging from PSW 3 to PSW 7, the mean serum values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, serum alkaline phosphatase, and total and direct bilirubin stabilized and then declined, whereas the increased mean serum copper values persisted. At PSD 25 to 54, hepatic copper values and serum bile acids were markedly increased. Seemingly, clinicopathologic changes of induced cholestatic hepatic injury depended largely on the duration of biliary obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)