鸡Smad4基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达分析

试验旨在克隆鸡Smad4基因,并对其进行生物信息学和组织表达分析。以苏禽3号优质黄羽肉鸡为试验对象,使用RACE技术扩增并克隆了鸡Smad4基因全长序列,对其进行生物信息学分析,构建系统进化树,并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了Smad4基因在鸡各组织中的表达情况。结果显示,鸡Smad4基因全长序列包含17 bp的5'UTR、1 842 bp的开放阅读框和466 bp的3'UTR,有11个外显子和10个内含子,mRNA序列全长2 325 bp,可编码613个氨基酸。系统进化树显示,鸡Smad4与其他鸟类聚为一类。生物信息学分析显示,Smad4蛋白分子质量为65.43 ku,理论等电点为10.04,为亲水蛋白;含有2个保守结构域：MH1和MH2;二级结构由α-螺旋（18.11%）、延伸链（17.29%）和无规则卷曲（64.60%）组成。组织表达分析表明,Smad4基因在鸡的心脏、肝脏、空肠、卵巢中均有较高表达,而在胸肌中不表达。本试验成功获得了鸡Smad4基因全长序列,并初步研究了其组织表达规律,为进一步研究Smad4基因在鸡繁殖活动中的分子机制提供了理论依据。     

Kindlin-2与VEGF-C蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中Kindlin-2与VEGF-C蛋白的表达,探讨二者在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法:选取109例胃癌组织标本为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测Kindlin-2与VEGF-C的表达。结果:Kindlin-2在54.1%的胃癌组织中表达,与肿瘤TNM分期和淋巴结转移密切相关,并发现Kindlin-2表达与VEGF-C表达在胃癌组织中呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:Kindlin-2和VEGF-C可能在胃癌细胞侵袭过程中协同发挥作用。     

TGF-β1和Smad4及Smad7基因在体外培养的小鼠原代肾小管上皮细胞中表达情况的检测

采用肾小管节段贴块法培养小鼠原代肾小管上皮细胞,用免疫细胞荧光染色法鉴定细胞种类,并用RT-PCR检测了原代肾小管上皮细胞中TGF-β1、Smad4和Smad7基因的表达情况.结果表明,TGF-β1、Smad4和Smad7基因在肾小管上皮细胞中均有表达.这为探讨上述基因在肾间质纤维化中的作用奠定了基础.     

水牛Smad4基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

为了阐明Smad4基因在水牛卵巢颗粒细胞增殖及胚胎发育中的分子机制,试验采用RT-PCR扩增并克隆水牛Smad4基因,对其核苷酸序列和蛋白质序列进行生物信息学分析,构建Smad4基因的真核表达载体,通过脂质体转染法转染体外培养的牛卵巢颗粒细胞。结果表明,试验克隆得到水牛Smad4基因编码序列,编码区全长为1 662 bp,编码553个氨基酸。通过BLAST对水牛Smad4基因的核苷酸序列进行同源性比对,结果显示,水牛Smad4基因与牛的同源性为99%,与绵羊、猪、马、人的同源性分别为98%、96%、96%和95%。系统进化树分析表明,Smad4基因在不同物种的进化过程中具有高度的保守性。试验成功构建了水牛Smad4基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-Smad4,并在水牛卵巢颗粒细胞中表达出较强的绿色荧光蛋白Smad4-EGFP融合蛋白。本研究成功克隆了水牛Smad4基因,并成功构建了Smad4基因的真核表达载体,为进一步研究Smad4基因在水牛胚胎发育过程中的分子机制奠定基础。     

牛Smad4基因cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

Smad4基因在TGF-β细胞内信号传导过程中起重要作用,通过生物信息学方法,结合RT-PCR技术和SMART RACE技术,对牛Smad4基因进行了克隆,得到了3 503 bp cDNA全长序列并向GenBank递交了该序列,登录号：DQ494856。通过核酸序列分析发现,牛Smad4基因由12个外显子组成,编码553个氨基酸。该基因与绵羊、猪、人、大鼠和小鼠在核酸序列上分别有99%、96%、95%、91%、91%的同源性;在氨基酸序列上分别有99%、98%、98%、99%和98%的同源性,牛Smad4基因的组织表达谱很广,在睾丸、胰腺、肝、小肠、卵巢、淋巴结、心肌、骨骼肌、胸腺组织中都有表达。     

藏鸡CCL4基因克隆及组织表达谱研究

为探究C-C基序趋化因子配体4(C-C motif chemokine ligand 4,CCL4)基因特点及其在藏鸡各组织中表达水平差异情况。以藏鸡作为研究对象,使用RT-PCR技术克隆藏鸡CCL4基因并进行生物信息学分析,然后利用qPCR技术检测CCL4在藏鸡不同日龄不同组织中的表达情况并构建组织表达谱。结果表明:藏鸡CCL4基因长度为633 bp,其中开放阅读框长270 bp,编码89个氨基酸;藏鸡CCL4基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与原鸡同源性为100%;CCL4基因在藏鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和腿肌中均有表达,在脾脏中表达量相对较高。该研究为进一步了解CCL4基因的功能和藏鸡的免疫特性提供理论依据。     

牛卵巢卵泡Smad9表达模式的研究

本研究旨在探究Smad9在牛卵巢卵泡中的表达模式,为研究Smad9的功能奠定基础.从屠宰场获取牛卵巢,分离得到小卵泡(2 mm≤直径≤4 mm)、中卵泡(4 mm<直径<8 mm)、大卵泡(直径≥8 mm),用免疫组织化学技术对不同直径卵泡的Smad9蛋白进行定位分析;通过机械分离法分离卵泡颗粒细胞,用qPCR和Wes...     

TBX3在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 :探讨胃癌组织中TBX3的表达水平及其与临床病理特征的相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学对130例胃癌组织中TBX3的表达进行检测,分析其与肿瘤临床病理特征的相关性。结果:胃癌组织中TBX3阳性表达率为36.2%(47/130),TBX3在胃癌组织中的阳性表达在不同胃癌大小组间差异有统计学意义。TBX3在胃癌组织中的阳性表达与患者性别、年龄、病理分型、肿瘤部位、淋巴结有无转移、静脉内有无癌栓、神经有无侵犯均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TBX3可能涉及促进胃癌的进展、侵袭、转移,可作为提示胃癌患者的有效预后预测因子之一。     

Cloning and Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of Buffalo Smad4 Gene

This study was aimed to elucidate the molecular mecbanisms of Smad4 gene on granulose cells proliferation and embryonic development in buffalo. The Smad4 gene was amplified by RT-PCR, analyzed by bioinformatics, studied with eukaryotic vector construction, and used liposome transfection skill to transfect into the buffalo granulose cells. The results showed that Smad4 gene was cloned, the coding region was 1 662 bp, and encoded 553 amino acids. BLAST analysis showed that the buffalo Smad4 gene shared 99% of similar nucleotide sequence with Bos taurus, and shared 98%, 96%, 96% and 95% of similar nucleotide sequence with Ovis aries, Sus scrofa, Equues caballus and Homo sapiens, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Smad4 gene was highly conserved in different species. The buffalo pEGFP-N1-Smad4 eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed, and transferred into the buffalo granulose cells, and the Smad4-EGFP fusion protein was detected in the cells. The results suggested that the success cloning and construction vector of buffalo Smad4 gene laid the foundation for the research of Smad4 gene on embryo development.     

The use of ultrasound in the investigation of gastric carcinoma in a dog.

Gastric neoplasia accounts for less than 1% of all canine malignancies. Malignant epithelial tumours are the most common gastric neoplasm in dogs and are referred to as carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Dogs with gastric carcinoma usually present with vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. The duration of clinical signs is from weeks to months. 1 Survey and contrast radiography, endoscopy, and ultrasonography have been used in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma in dogs. This report describes a case of gastric carcinoma in which the survey and contrast radiographs and endoscopic findings were normal. Gastric neoplasia was suspected on ultrasound examination and confirmed histologically.     

BMP4诱导的Smad9在小鼠卵泡发育中的作用及其机制的初步研究

本研究旨在探讨Smad9在小鼠卵泡发育中的作用,为卵泡生长发育及其调控机制的研究提供新思路。将6周龄的雌性昆明小鼠随机分成3组,分别腹腔注射生理盐水、骨形态发生蛋白-4（BMP4）和Smad9抑制剂（LDN-193189）,依次作为对照组、BMP4组和LDN组。48 h后收集卵巢制作石蜡切片,HE染色后观察卵泡发育情况并对各级卵泡进行计数;采用Western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Smad9蛋白和mRNA水平。同时通过ELISA试验测定各组小鼠血清中雌二醇（E₂）、孕酮（P₄）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）和芳香化酶等的浓度,并检测了CYP19a1、LHR、PRLR和FSHR基因的表达情况,进一步探究Smad9可能的作用机制。结果显示,与对照组相比,BMP4组Smad9蛋白和mRNA水平较高,而LDN组较低;BMP4组有腔卵泡显著增加（P<0.05）,而LDN组显著减少（P<0.05）。此外,ELISA试验结果显示,BMP4组血清E₂、FSH和芳香化酶含量增加,而P₄和LH含量降低;LDN组中E₂和芳香化酶的含量降低。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,BMP4组FSHR和CYP19a1基因的mRNA水平升高,而LHR和PRLR基因的mRNA水平降低;LDN组PRLR基因的mRNA水平升高,而CYP19a1基因的mRNA水平降低。由以上试验结果可以得出,BMP4诱导的Smad9能促进小鼠有腔卵泡的发育,而其可能主要通过影响E₂、PRL和芳香化酶等的产生而起作用。     

猪miR-23a靶向调控Smad3基因表达的研究

为了确定miR-23a是否靶向调控Smad3基因,试验利用NotⅠ和XhoⅠ酶构建包含Smad3-3′-UTR的野生型(psiCHECKTM-2-W-Smad3-3′-UTR)和突变型双荧光酶报告载体(psiCHECKTM-2-M-Smad3-3′-UTR),并在PK-15细胞中转染miR-23amimics、miR-23ainhibitor及其阴性对照,采用双荧光酶检测试剂盒检测荧光素酶活性,用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting法分别检测Smad3基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果表明,将含Smad3-3′-UTR的野生型和突变型双荧光酶报告载体与miR-23amimic共转染PK-15细胞,野生型报告质粒表达的荧光素酶活性显著低于其阴性对照组(P<0.05);转染miR-23amimics能显著下调Smad3基因mRNA及其蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);而转染miR-23ainhibitor组与miR-23ainhibitor阴性对照组相比,Smad3基因蛋白表达差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合上述结果可知,猪miR-23a可靶向作用于Smad3基因。     

Bmp/Smad信号通路及其在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的作用

开展绵羊多羔性状基因的研究对于揭示其分子调控机制和提高绵羊繁殖力具有重要意义。骨形态发生蛋白(BMPs)为转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)超家族成员,与哺乳动物繁殖活动密切相关。研究表明,BMPs可促使原始卵泡向次级卵泡转化,对哺乳动物卵巢颗粒细胞增殖、生殖激素的合成和分泌以及卵母细胞成熟和排卵等方面起重要调节作用,而BMPs发挥功能主要依赖于经典的Bmp/Smad信号通路。本文就Bmp/Smad信号通路成员的表达、对早期胚胎发育的影响以及在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的作用等方面的研究进行总结,以期为进一步研究BMPs及其信号通路的调控机制提供参考。     

Myostatin down‐regulates the IGF‐2 expression via ALK‐Smad signaling during myogenesis in cattle

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator during muscle differentiation, whereas insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for muscle development. MSTN and IGFs act oppositely during myogenesis, but there is little information on the mutual relationship of MSTN and IGFs. The present study was conducted to examine whether MSTN affects IGF expression during early myogenesis in cattle. IGF‐1 mRNA was similarly expressed in M. longissimus thoracis of double‐muscled (DM) and normal (NM) Japanese shorthorn cattle. IGF‐2 mRNA expression was consistently higher in the normal and regenerating muscle of DM cattle than those of NM cattle. When myoblasts were isolated from regenerating M. longissimus thoracis, IGF‐2 mRNA expression showed a significant increase in differentiating DM derived myoblasts (DM‐myoblasts) as compared with differentiating NM derived myoblasts (NM‐myoblasts). An addition of recombinant mouse myostatin (rMSTN) to myoblast cultures attenuated IGF‐2 mRNA expression and decreased myotube formation, but did not effect IGF‐1 mRNA expression. An activin‐like kinase (ALK) inhibitor, SB431542, mediates MSTN action, suppressed the translocation of Smad2/3 into the nucleus in DM‐myoblasts, and restored the attenuated IGF‐2 mRNA expression and the decreased myotube formation induced by rMSTN in myoblast cultures. The findings indicate that MSTN may negatively regulate myoblast differentiation by suppressing IGF‐2 expression via ALK‐Smad signaling.     

Squamous gastric ulceration complicated by gastric stenosis in a foal

A 2-month-old Warmblood colt presented with recurrent colic and regurgitation. Gastroscopy, performed on several occasions, and barium-contrast radiography revealed severe squamous gastric ulceration and stenosis at the level of the margo plicatus. Treatment with omeprazole reduced the extent and severity of the gastric ulcers but did not affect the stenosis. The foal was euthanised because of a poor prognosis, and post-mortem examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Severe squamous gastric ulceration, granulation tissue formation and cicatrisation of deep gastric lesions were considered to have caused the stenosis. Gastroduodenal outflow obstruction is a recognised disorder in foals, but stenosis at the level of the margo plicatus has not been reported in foals or adult horses. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of severe squamous gastric ulceration, complicated by stenosis at the level of the margo plicatus, in a foal. Although rare, gastric stenosis should be considered in foals suffering recurrent colic and regurgitation.