玉米秸秆不同构件添加对土壤N_2O排放的影响

通过室内培养试验,研究玉米秸秆不同构件及按比例混合添加对土壤N_2O排放的影响。试验设置无枯落物土壤对照(CK)及四种枯落物添加处理:茎+土壤(CKS)、叶+土壤(CKL)、鞘+土壤(CKLS)、混合枯落物(茎∶叶∶鞘=5∶3∶2)+土壤(CKM)。结果表明:培养初期添加枯落物对土壤N_2O产生激发作用,培养6d之后趋于稳定,但各添加枯落物处理高于对照;培养结束各添加不同构件及混合枯落物土壤N_2O累积排放量都显著增加(p0.05),添加茎和混合枯落物土壤N_2O排放量显著高于添加叶和鞘枯落物(p0.05)。枯落物混合对土壤N_2O排放的影响在培养前期(10~28d)有一定的促进作用,培养后期不同枯落物之间无相互作用。培养结束后各枯落物全氮含量显著高于初始值,C/N显著低于初始值(p0.05)。枯落物混合培养结束后剩余质量实测值低于预测值,全氮含量实测值高于预测值,枯落物碳氮比实测值低于预测值,土壤N_2O累积排放量差异不显著,表明枯落物混合有利于枯落物分解和氮累积,但是对N_2O累积排放影响不大。     

两种草本层台湾桤木林地细根分解及养分动态研究

在四川省丹棱县退耕还林地上,采用网袋法对两种草本层(黑麦草和自然草)台湾桤木林地中细根分解及养分释放的对比,以及对台湾桤木 黑麦草复合模式草根与细根混合分解进行了为期1 a的实验研究。结果表明:台湾桤木细根在复合模式和自然模式中分解速率、养分释放有所不同,经过1 a的分解,复合模式中N,K,Ca的残留率显著低于自然模式,而干质量、P,Mg的残留率差异不显著;复合模式混合处理的分解速率和N,P,K,Ca释放率介于单独分解的细根和草根之间,而Mg释放率则大于单独分解的细根和草根,经过1 a的分解,混合分解对混合处理的分解速率、P,K,Mg的释放有明显的促进作用,对N,Ca的释放影响不显著,在混合分解过程中的不同阶段,表现出来的相互作用形式不同。     

外源性C、N干扰对森林凋落叶分解的影响

通过人为施加蔗糖和硝酸铵对林地进行外源性C，N干扰和凋落叶分解的原位试验，结果表明，四川岷江流域上游地区的4种典型人工林地凋落叶年分解率及其大小顺序为糙皮桦（0．4497）〉连香树（0．2710）〉云杉（0．2594）〉云南松（0．2365）；对连香树、云南松林地进行轻度的C、N干扰均可以促进微生物的活动，从而加速了凋落叶的分解．而强度的N干扰无益于凋落叶分解率的进一步增加，强度的C干扰甚至对凋落叶分解有一定的抑制作用；对糙皮桦林地，不论是C干扰还是N干扰，均使凋落叶分解率有所下降，说明该林地的C、N对微生物来说都不缺乏；对云杉林地进行不同水平的C、N干扰，均能提高凋落叶的分解速率，说明该林地的C、N对微生物都表现为缺乏，但是轻度的干扰已足以补充林地C、N的不足，再多无益。     

Composition and Organic Carbon Distribution of Organomineral Complex in Black Soil under Different Land Uses and Management Systems

Organomineral complexes form the basis of soil fertility and have significant effects on the soil environment. In this research, we aimed to study the composition and organic carbon (C) distribution of organomineral complexes in a black soil under different land uses and management by means of ultrasonic dispersion and particle assortment. The results showed that the fine sand–size complex (20–200 μm) was dominant under different land uses and management. Silt-size (2–20 μm) and fine sand-size content increased with nitrogen and phosphorus application (NP) and NPM (NP together with organic manure) treatment, whereas clay-size (0–2 μm) content decreased. The content of <20-μm complex in GL (grassland) was less than in BL (bareland), and >20-μm complex showed the opposite trend. The silt-size content increased with the increase of SOC (soil organic C). A negative relationship was observed between the clay-size complex content and SOC content. Land-use change resulted in different dynamics in C sequestration in soil. The content of <20-μm complex in GL was more than in NP and NPM; GL has potential to sequester more C than tilled soil because of the stability of SOC stored in the <20-μm fraction. Long-term application of organic manure and vegetation restoration increased the OC (organic carbon) content of all sizes of complexes; the OC contents of clay-size complex were in the order GL > NPM > NP > BL > NF (no fertilizer applied) and increased the proportion of OC in >20-μm complexes, indicating that OC content in sand-size fractions increased with total SOC content.     

黄土高原天然草地3种优势物种细根分解及养分释放对模拟氮沉降的响应

细根分解是草地土壤有机质和养分的主要来源,全球N沉降背景下细根分解动态变化对生态系统碳和养分循环具有重要意义。采用埋袋法研究黄土高原天然草地3个优势物种细根分解速率和养分释放规律及其对模拟N沉降(10g·N/(m2·a))的响应。结果表明:细根分解过程分为快速(0~60d)和慢速分解(60~719d)2个阶段。大针茅、甘青针茅和白莲蒿细根分解60d的质量残留率分别为86.3%,86.2%,90.7%,分解719d的质量残留率分别为58.1%,64.7%,70.5%,表明细根分解速率大小为大针茅甘青针茅白莲蒿。相关分析表明,细根分解常数与细根初始N含量、N/P值呈显著的正相关关系,与初始C含量、C/N值呈显著的负相关关系。随着根系分解,3种细根C元素表现为直接释放,N元素表现为N富集,P元素表现为富集-释放模式,整体呈波动式下降。模拟N沉降显著抑制了3种植物细根的分解,使大针茅、甘青针茅和白莲蒿细根分解系数分别显著降低了21.3%,26.8%,47.4%。模拟N沉降使大针茅、甘青针茅和白莲蒿分解末期C元素分别增加了26.8%,20.7%,16.6%,N元素分别增加了18.2%,17.0%,13.4%,而对P残留率均没有显著影响。综上,未来氮沉降的增加会抑制黄土高原封育草地优势物种的细根分解速率,减慢其细根分解向土壤输入C和N养分的过程。     

Long-Term Cultivation Effects on Biological C and N Fractions in a Fluvaquentic Haplustolls of Semi-arid Region of the Northern Turkey

Conversion of a native ecosystem can impact the nature and dynamics of organic carbon (C) fractions. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of cultivation and monoculture wheat production on soil organic C and biological C fractions compared to a previously flooded native pasture in northern Turkey. Soil samples were collected from four randomly selected locations of each management system. Some soil chemical [pH, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), total nitrogen (N), and organic C], physical (sand, clay, and silt), and biological properties [microbial biomass carbon (MBC), mineralizable C, and mineralizable N] were measured. Conversion of pasture to cultivated land slightly increased soil pH, but CaCO₃, total organic C (TOC), and N contents were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with cultivation. Total organic C and N contents were more than three times less in cultivated soils compared to pasture. Microbial biomass C was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with long-term cultivation, and the greater seasonal fluctuations were measured at the surface of both ecosystems. The greatest level of potentially mineralizable C was observed in the pasture rather than the cultivated soil, but the proportional distribution of mineralized C to TOC was greater in the cultivated soil. These results suggested that the long-term cultivation (15 years) of previously flooded native ecosystems increased C mineralization and resulted in 72% C loss at the surface soil. Cultivated soils have a greater potential to restore atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) if proper cultivation and management systems are used.     

人工降雨条件下不同坡长和覆盖度对氮素流失的影响

用植被覆盖度(20%,45%,60%,90%)和坡长(1,2,3,4,5m)作为可变因素,设定固定雨强2.0mm/min进行室内模拟降雨,研究氮素的流失特征,探索坡长、覆盖度和径流对氮素流失的影响。通过对试验数据的分析,结论为:(1)相同覆盖度,不同坡长全氮(TN)流失量随时间延长而逐渐增加,并且随着坡长的增加,流失量逐渐增大,但径流中总氮的浓度变化差异不明显。硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)流失量的变化与TN较为相似,流失浓度随着时间变化主要表现为径流前期浓度较高,随着降雨时间的延长,浓度逐步降低并最终趋于稳定。(2)降雨过程中,径流中的氮流失主要以溶解态的氮为主,并以NO3--N比NH4+-N含量高,但是随着降雨时间的延长,不溶性氮的比例也会有所增加。(3)径流量对各形态氮的流失影响十分明显,植被覆盖度和坡长分别与TN、NO3--N的流失量呈显著负相关和显著正相关。     

秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对砂性土壤性质及滴灌玉米生长的影响

为探究秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对宁夏扬黄灌区土壤改良和玉米增产的效应,在秸秆还田条件下施用3种不同腐熟剂[生物秸秆速腐剂(SR+BS)、EM菌秸秆腐熟剂(SR+RJ)、有机废物发酵菌曲(SR+OW)],以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂处理为对照(CK),研究其对秸秆生物失重率、砂性土壤理化性状和滴灌玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明,3种腐熟剂均能有效促进玉米秸秆腐解,其中SR+RJ的秸秆腐解程度最佳,翻埋130 d后其秸秆生物失重率为49.9%,SR+OW和SR+BS次之,3种处理分别较CK显著提高7.1、5.7、5.2个百分点。SR+RJ对改善0～40 cm土层土壤容重效果最佳,较CK显著降低4.2%,同时显著提高了耕层土壤有机质和速效养分含量及生育中后期土壤贮水量,SR+OW和SR+BS次之。施用秸秆腐熟剂能明显促进玉米生育中后期植株生长,其中SR+RJ最佳。SR+RJ和SR+OW对玉米增产增收效果最明显,分别较CK显著增产26.9%、23.4%,显著增收28.8%、23.4%。可见,秸秆还田配施腐熟剂可有效促进玉米秸秆腐解,改善土壤理化性质,促进玉米生长发育,显著提高作物产量与经济效益,以EM菌秸秆...     

Effects of P fertilization level on phosphorus uptake and agronomic traits under deficit irrigation in winter wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Abstract

Enhancing the phosphorus (P) use efficiency is critical for the sustainable cultivation of winter wheat. In this study, we investigated the effects of P fertilization level on plant P-uptake and agronomic traits under deficit irrigation, by using two wheat cultivars sharing contrasting water responses (i.e., Jimai 585 and Shimai 22). The high P level treatment (P120) improved plant biomass and P accumulation at each growth stage, grain yields, P remobilization amount to grain (PRA), P remobilization rate (PRR), and P contribution rate (PRR) of the cultivars with respect to the low P treatments (i.e., P90 and P60). Compared with Jimai 585, a cultivar acclimated to affluent water, the drought tolerant cultivar Shimai 22 exhibited similar behaviors on plant biomass, P-associated traits at each stage, and agronomic traits at maturity under P120. However, Shimai 22 was more improvement on P-associated and agronomic traits than Jimai 585 under P60 and P90. P contents were increased whereas moisture contents decreased in soil profile treated by P120 with respect to those by P60. Meanwhile, the soil profile cultivated by Shimai 22 displayed reduced moisture and P contents under P deprivation (i.e., P90 and P60) respect to that by Jimai 585, suggesting the contribution of more consumption of soil P and water storage to improved agronomic traits of Shimai 22. Together, our investigation suggested that suitable P input management positively mediates plant P-associated traits and grain formation capacity under deficit irrigation by improving supply and internal translocation of P across tissues in winter wheat plants.     

Effects of Epigeic Earthworms on Decomposition of Wheat Straw and Nutrient Cycling in Agricultural Soils in a Reclaimed Salinity Area:A Microcosm Study

Earthworms,one of the most important macroinvertebrates in terrestrial ecosystems of temperate zones,exert important influences on soil functions.A laboratory microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the earthworm Eisenia fetida on wheat straw decomposition and nutrient cycling in an agricultural soil in a reclaimed salinity area of the North China Plain.Each microcosm was simulated by thoroughly mixing wheat straw into the soil and incubated for 120 d with earthworms added at 3 different densities as treatments:control with no earthworms,regular density(RD)with two earthworms,and increased density(ID)with six earthworms.The results showed that there was no depletion of carbon and nitrogen pools in the presence of the earthworms.Basal soil respiration rates and metabolic quotient increased with the increase in earthworm density during the initial and middle part of the incubation period.In contrast,concentrations of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass quotient decreased in the presence of earthworms.Earthworm activity stimulated the transfer of microbial biomass carbon to dissolved organic carbon and could lead to a smaller,but more metabolically active microbial biomass.Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and NO₃^--N increased significantly with the increase in earthworm density at the end of the incubation(P<0.05),resulting in a large pool of inorganic nitrogen available for plant uptake.Cumulative net nitrogen mineralization rates were three times higher in the ID treatment than the RD treatment.     

汾河上游不同土地利用方式对坡地水土流失的影响

以汾河上游阳坡小流域为研究区,在2015—2017年进行了天然降雨条件下的坡面产流产沙小区试验,结果表明:(1)研究区的侵蚀性降雨在年内和年际间分布很不均匀。少数几次强降雨对降雨侵蚀力的贡献很大。(2)不同侵蚀性降雨条件下,鱼鳞坑+乔木或灌木拦蓄径流或泥沙能力最强,裸地最弱;坡面产流量大小依次为:裸地坡耕地草地油松黄刺玫鱼鳞坑+油松鱼鳞坑+黄刺玫。坡面产沙量大小规律为:鱼鳞坑+乔或灌草地乔或灌坡耕地裸地。(3)随着雨量增加,各植被小区的径流调控率和泥沙调控率均呈下降趋势;相近雨量时,随着雨强的增加,径流调控率和泥沙调控率明显下降。(4)各小区的降雨量和产流量、产流量和产沙量之间呈现显著正相关(P0.05)。在裸地、黄刺玫及草地小区,I30与产流量之间是均无显著相关。在裸地、油松、黄刺玫、耕地小区,I30和产沙量之间无显著相关。     

植物功能群多样性对人工湿地微生物生物量和营养滞留的影响

为了检验植物功能群多样性是否影响人工湿地植物生物量、微生物生物量和填料营养滞留,本研究在垂直流人工湿地中设置了5个植物功能群丰富度处理（未栽培处理以及分别栽培1、2、3和4个功能群处理）,分别分析了不同处理下的植物生物量、微生物生物量碳和氮、填料中有机碳、NH+4N、NO-3N和有效磷含量。单因素方差分析表明:植物生物量、微生物生物量碳和氮均随着植物功能群丰富度显著提高 (P 0.05),而填料中的NH+4N和NO-3N含量仅依赖于植物栽培与否。相关分析揭示出植物功能群丰富度与植物生物量、微生物生物量碳和氮以及填料中的NO-3N含量均呈正相关关系,而微生物生物量碳分别与填料中的NH+4N和NO-3N含量呈正相关。本研究突出了植物功能群多样性在改善人工湿地中的植物生物量、微生物生物量碳和氮方面的重要性。     

Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol

Silicon(Si) has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate(115.2 g L~(-1) Si and 60.5 g L~(-1) Na_2O) and nanosilica( 200 nm), on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C:N:P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1 210,and 2 420 g ha~(-1). Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation,physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control(0 g ha~(-1) Si), regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation(increased by 1.83%) and transpiration rates(increased by 48.3%);however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles;however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.     

潮土长期不同施氮水平对秸秆降解及其细菌群落结构的影响

农田过量施氮所引发的问题已经引起广泛关注,但长期施氮后土壤无机氮水平状况及其对秸秆降解的作用尚不清楚。本研究以中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站长期（2005～2018年）施氮肥（5个施氮水平：0(N0)、150(N1)、190(N2)、,230(N3)和270 (N4)kg ha-1 yr-1）的潮土为研究对象,开展短期（50天）的秸秆降解-土壤培育实验。培育期间监测秸秆碳的矿化、土壤无机氮（硝态氮和铵态氮）、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳的动态变化,利用高通量测序测定细菌群落结构。结果表明,长期施氮后,土壤无机氮含量和秸秆碳的矿化率随施氮水平的升高而增加。不同长期施氮水平的土壤细菌群落结构呈现显著差异。网络分析揭示：秸秆降解过程中细菌群落内部物种间的共现模式随长期施氮水平发生改变,具体体现为长期高施氮水平下细菌群落彼此间的负相关得到了加强;同时,变形菌主导地位减弱、酸杆菌主导地位增强。综上,土壤无机氮含量、细菌群落结构及物种之间的关系随着长期施氮水平的不同发生了改变。本研究探究了长期不同施氮水平下土壤中无机氮的水平状况、秸秆降解状况以及秸秆降解过程中土壤细菌的生物特性,以期为秸秆还田和科学施氮提供一定的数据支撑和思路启示。     

不同有机物料对原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质结合形态及组成的影响

为了探究不同种类有机物料及同种有机物料的不同形态对原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质结合形态及组成的影响。以吉林省西部地区原生盐碱地为研究对象,采用连续3年的大田试验,通过大田取样和室内分析相结合的方式对其进行研究。试验设颗粒秸秆(KL)、正常玉米秸秆(JG)、羊粪(YF)、牧草(MC)和对照(CK)5个处理,采用Anderson结合态腐殖质分组法提取土壤腐殖质,研究了不同有机物料对原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质结合形态及组成的影响。结果表明:(1)施加不同有机物料较CK处理均提高了原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质含量,促进土壤中各种结合形态腐殖质含量的增加,其中KL、MC、YF 3个处理间松结合态腐殖质含量差异不显著,但相比CK处理均差异显著。对联结合态腐殖质含量影响较大,各处理间均差异显著。KL处理与其他处理稳结合态腐殖质含量差异显著,其中JG、MC、YF 3个处理间差异不显著,但相比CK处理均差异显著。紧结合态腐殖质含量各处理同CK相比差异显著,KL处理同JG处理差异显著,其他处理间差异不显著。(2)不同有机物料均能提高松/紧比值和松/稳比值,有利于腐殖质的更新及土壤肥力的提高。(3)对胡富比(H/F)的影响则表现为各处理同CK处理相比差异显著,胡富比(H/F)的增加表征着富里酸的缩合转化,进一步形成结构复杂,芳香化程度高胡敏酸,增加了土壤胡敏酸含量,促进土壤腐殖质的聚合程度以及腐殖化度的提高。综合得出,有机物料能够增加原生盐碱地土壤腐殖质含量,提高各结合形态腐殖质含量。同种有机物料不同形态作用差异显著,中颗粒秸秆(正常玉米秸秆经过粉碎高温高压处理,长2cm、直径0.5cm的圆柱形颗粒)效果远好于其他处理。     

Long‐Term Tillage and Cropping System Effects on Chemical and Biochemical Characteristics of Soil Organic Matter in a Mediterranean Semiarid Environment

Several studies have reported how tillage and cropping systems affect quantity, quality, and distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) along the profile. However, the effect of soil management on the chemical structure of SOM and on its hydrophobic and hydrophilic components has been little investigated. In this work, the long‐term (19 years) effects of two cropping systems (wheat monoculture and wheat/faba bean rotation) and three tillage managements (conventional, reduced, and no tillage) on some chemical characteristics of SOM and their relationships with labile carbon (C) pools were evaluated. Soil samples were taken from the topsoil (0–15 cm) of a Chromic Haploxerert (central Sicily, Italy). After 19 years of different tillage and cropping systems management, total organic C significantly differed among treatments with the labile organic C pools showing the greater amount in no till and in wheat/faba bean plots. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of SOM, determined by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, were mainly affected by cropping system, whereas aromatic components of SOM by tillage. Soil organic matter components and characteristics showed significant correlations with the soil biochemical parameters, confirming the expected synergism between chemical and biochemical properties. This study demonstrated that (i) no tillage and crop rotation improve the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM of Vertisols under semiarid environment; and (ii) tillage management and cropping systems have affected, after 19 years, more the chemical and biochemical properties of SOM than its quantity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

凋落物和根系输入对亚热带米槠天然林土壤有机碳组分的影响

植物残体添加和去除试验(the detritus input and removal treatments,DIRT)作为一种研究碳输入来源变化对土壤质地与质量影响的试验设计,对研究土壤养分来源以及主要影响机制具有关键作用.选择福建省三明森林生态系统与全球变化研究站的米槠常绿阔叶天然林,设置对照(CT)、去除凋落物(N...     

不同氮肥管理方式对华北粮田2排放和作物产量的影响分析

通过华北小麦和玉米田已发表文献分析,明确不同施氮量、氮肥基追比及氮素调控措施对土壤N2O排放和作物产量的影响。结果表明：高氮水平下减少氮肥用量并调整基追比有助于减少土壤N2O排放;添加硝化抑制剂双氰胺（DCD）对小麦和玉米产量的提高和土壤N2O的减排效果均较好。兼顾华北粮田N2O减排和作物产量,小麦季推荐合理施氮量167~174 kg·hm-2,基追比1：1,添加DCD,土壤N2O总排放量为0.31 kg·hm-2,籽粒产量6200 kg·hm-2以上;玉米季推荐合理施氮量177~181 kg·hm-2,基追比2：3~1：2,添加DCD,土壤N2O总排放量1.70 kg·hm-2,籽粒产量9000 kg·hm-2以上。     

Short‐term effect of biochar and compost on soil fertility and water status of a Dystric Cambisol in NE Germany under field conditions

Crop growth in sandy soils is usually limited by plant‐available nutrients and water contents. This study was conducted to determine whether these limiting factors could be improved through applications of compost and biochar. For this purpose, a maize (Zea mays L.) field trial was established at 1 ha area of a Dystric Cambisol in Brandenburg, NE Germany. Five treatments (control, compost, and three biochar‐compost mixtures with constant compost amount (32.5 Mg ha^–1) and increasing biochar amount, ranging from 5–20 Mg ha^–1) were compared. Analyses comprised total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), plant‐available nutrients, and volumetric soil water content for 4 months under field conditions during the growing season 2009. In addition, soil water‐retention characteristics were analyzed on undisturbed soil columns in the laboratory. Total organic‐C content could be increased by a factor of 2.5 from 0.8 to 2% (p < 0.01) at the highest biochar‐compost level compared with control while TN content only slightly increased. Plant‐available Ca, K, P, and Na contents increased by a factor of 2.2, 2.5, 1.2, and 2.8, respectively. With compost addition, the soil pH value significantly increased by up to 0.6 (p < 0.05) and plant‐available soil water retention increased by a factor of 2. Our results clearly demonstrated a synergistic positive effect of compost and biochar mixtures on soil organic‐matter content, nutrients levels, and water‐storage capacity of a sandy soil under field conditions.     

林地开垦后对不同质地红壤碳氮和磷库的影响

林地开垦农用后,土壤有机C和总N、P的浓度及在各团聚体粒级中的分布可发生较大的变化。对亚热带山地两类不同质地的红壤研究表明,林地开垦为旱地和茶园后,有机质和全N明显下降,全P呈轻微下降。下降量壤质土壤(黄泥土)大于粘质土壤(黄粘泥)。表土(0～15cm)的有机C和总N、P下降大于亚表土(15～30cm)。在三个团聚体粒级中,砂粒中有机C和总N、P的下降幅度最大,并随粒径变细下降幅度逐渐变小,表明与砂粒和粉砂结合的有机C和N、P易受利用方式的改变而变化。从林地到茶园、旱地,各团聚体粒级中有机P及有机P占总P的比例趋向下降。砂粒和粉砂中Olsen-P也呈下降的趋势。