pH对土壤吸持磷酸根的影响及其原因

本文选择了浙江、江苏15个性质变化范围较大的土壤样品,研究在两种支持电解质、不同pH条件下对磷酸根的吸持反应。结果表明,加碱提高强酸性土壤的pH值,导致交换性铝的水解和羟基铝聚合物的生成,增加对磷的吸持。磷酸根同酸性土壤的反应,可促进交换性铝的水解,释放出H⁺,降低体系的pH。在CaCl₂介质中,当pH>6时,可能有磷酸钙类盐形成,使溶液中磷浓度显著降低。有机质对土壤吸持磷有重要影响。在低pH下有机质通过与Al³⁺形成络合物,阻碍溶液中A1³⁺的水解,并与磷酸根竞争羟基铝化合物表面的反应点位,从而降低酸性土壤对磷酸根的吸附量。     

Phosphorus Fractionation in Soils and Wastewater Sorbent Materials as an Indicator of Material Specific and Storage‐Dependant Availability

Abstract

Wastewater treatment with reactive filters and recycling the phosphorus (P)‐saturated materials as fertilizers in plant production is a suitable concept for a sustainable society. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the Hedley P fractionation scheme to separate different P fractions, including inorganic and organic P, in soils and sorbent materials used to reduce the P content of waste water. An additional aim was to determine changes in P fractions after storage for 8 months under different humidity regimes. This was to evaluate whether extractability of P is dependent on storage conditions between sorption of P and the subsequent use of the sorbent materials as P fertilizers. This study is the first one showing that in sorbent materials used for treatment of wastewater, the Hedley fractionation scheme separated Ca phosphates in the HC1 extract from Al and Fe phosphates in the NaOH extract. The different fractions could also be used to characterize soils of different origins, to separate liming treatments, and to approximately document soil P fertility, but could not assess differences in soil P status caused by different P fertilization in a single year. No significant influence of moisture regimes during storage on resin‐exchangeable P was detected. This increases the suitability of the studied sorbent materials for recycling P from wastewater to agricultural crops, because it indicates that plant availability of sorbed P does not change drasticaIly during the studied storage conditions.     

Cadmium sorption by two acid soils as affected by clearing and cultivation

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of clearing and cultivation on the sorption of cadmium (Cd) by two acid soils from Zimbabwe with differing cultivation stories. In their original state, not cleared‐not cultivated (virgin soils), the two soils exhibited noticeable and similar capacities to sorb Cd. The Mazowe soil contains the highest level of organic matter (40 g kg^‐1) and a effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 144 mmol_c kg^‐1. Yet, Bulawayo soil (23.5 g kg^‐1 organic matter and ECEC of 146 mmol_c kg^‐1) has higher pH and Mn and Fe oxide content and these characteristics seemed to counteract the effect of lower organic matter. After 50 years of cultivation, The Mazowe soil has lost 60% of its organic matter and ECEC, and consequently the ability of its soil matrix to bind Cd has proportionally decreased. In Bulawayo (cleared in 1983 and first ploughed in 1984), on the contrary, the organic matter and ECEC of the cultivated soil remains over 95% of the values on its virgin counterpart. In this soil, the retaining ability for Cd has not still been affected. In the two soils Cd sorption was highly pH‐dependent. The extent of sorption was minimal under acidic conditions and increased sharply as the pH was raised. The immediate reversibility of the sorption process proved to be very low. When sorption and desorption data were compared it was clear that soil characteristics like high organic matter and oxide content which showed to enhanced Cd sorption, contributed at the same time to slow down the backward reaction.     

Phosphate sorption characteristics of major soils in Okinawa,Japan

Abstract

Phosphate sorption isotherms were determined for 16 representative major soils developed from different parent materials on Okinawa. Phosphate sorption characteristics were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation, which was used to determine phosphorus (P) sorption maxima of the soils. Phosphate sorption maxima ranged from 630 to 2208 mg P kg^‐1 soil (mean 1,362 mg P kg^‐1). The standard P requirement (i.e., the amount of P required to attain 0.2 mg P L^‐1 equilibrium solution) followed the same trend as sorption maximum (r =0.94***), with values ranging from 132 to 1,020 mg P kg^‐1 soil (mean 615 mg P kg^‐1). This mean value corresponds to fertilizer addition of 923 kg P ha^‐1 indicating that the soils have high P fertilizer requirements. Results of simple linear regression analysis indicated that sorption maximum was significantly correlated with clay content, organic matter, oxalate iron (Fe), pyrophosphate Fe, DCB aluminum (Al), oxalate Al, and pyrophosphate Al, but not with DCB Fe, pH, or available P content. The best regression model for predicting sorption maximum was the combination of clay, organic matter, pyrophosphate Fe, and DCB Al which altogether explained 79% of the variance in sorption maximum. The equation obtained could offer a rapid estimation of P sorption in Okinawan soils.     

Influence of organic matter on selenite sorption by Andosols

Abstract

The influence of soil organic matter on selenite sorption was investigated in the selenite adsorption capacity and the surface particle charge change by ligand exchange reaction using the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) treatment and the ignition treatment of two Andosols. The removal of organic carbon (C) in soils accelerated selenite sorption, implying that organic matter of soils had negative influence on the selenite adsorption on the soils. Positive charge decrease on soil particles, concomitant proton consumption, and release of silicon (Si), sulfate (SO₄ ^2‐), and organic C were observed in selenite sorption by the soils. The development of surface particle negative charge with selenite sorption was smaller in the H₂O₂‐treated soil than in the original soils and was scarcely observed in the ignition‐treated soil. It can be assumed that the increase of negative charge by selenite sorption was attributed to new negative sites borne by released insoluble organic matter and negative charge development directly by selenite sorption was small.     

Adsorption and Desorption of Copper in Pasture Soils

Abstract

Copper (Cu) is bound strongly to organic matter, oxides of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), and clay minerals in soils. To investigate the relative contribution of different soil components in the sorption of Cu, sorption was measured after the removal of various other soil components; organic matter and aluminum (Al) and Fe oxides are important in Cu adsorption. Both adsorption and desorption of Cu at various pH values were also measured by using diverse pasture soils. The differences in the sorption of Cu between the soils are attributed to the differences in the chemical characteristics of the soils. Copper sorption, as measured by the Freundlich equation sorption constants [potassium (K) and nitrogen (N)], was strongly correlated with soil properties, such as silt content, organic carbon, and soil pH. The relative importance of organic matter and oxides on Cu adsorption decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing solution Cu concentrations. In all soils, Cu sorption increased with increasing pH, but the solution Cu concentration decreased with increasing soil pH. The cumulative amounts of native and added soil Cu desorbed from two contrasting soils (Manawatu and Ngamoka) during desorption periods showed that the differences in the desorbability of Cu were a result of differences in the physico‐chemical properties of the soil matrix. This finding suggests that soil organic matter complexes of Cu added through fertilizer, resulted in decreased desorption. The proportions of added Cu desorbed during 10 desorption periods were low, ranging from 2.5% in the 24‐h to 6% in the 2‐h desorption periods. The desorption of Cu decreased with increasing soil pH. The irreversible retention of Cu might be the result of complex formation with Cu at high pH.     

How Can Organic Amendments Help to Bind Sulfadiazine in the Soil? – An Iranian Soil Study

ABSTRACT

Veterinary antibiotics can enter the environment especially agricultural soils via animal manure application in which Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is considered as one of the most used antibiotic. After soil application, it may be transported into subsurface water. The sorption behavior of SDZ is not only influenced by the soil type but also by soil organic matters as well. Hence, an experiment was executed aimed to study sorption/desorption processes of SDZ under experimental conditions in three various soils treated by different bio fertilizers including rice husk compost (RHC), rice husk biochar (RHB) and Micrococcus yunnanensis (My) bacterium. Sorption/desorption data of soils with and without bio-fertilizers were well fitted with Freundlich model (R² = 0.97). Results showed that bio-amended soils had higher values of k_d sorption ranged from 1.16 to 52.4 without and with bio-fertilizers application respectively, proposing low sorption of SDZ with substantial risk of leaching without bio-fertilizers application. Also for the desorption cycle values of K_d increased from 1.03 to 39.1 without and with bio-fertilizers application, respectively. Furthermore, there was a hysteresis effect using organic matter. As a result of bio-fertilizers application, a significant value of SDZ was strongly adsorbed on the soil particles which was not desorb through desorption process.     

Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar: Preparation,Characterization, and Its Effects on Soil Properties and Zinc Sorption-desorption

ABSTRACT

Application of alkaline biochar has been proposed as an alternative to lime for remediation of acidic soils. However, questions remain as to how the reactions and fate of metals in acidic soils can be affected by biochar amendment. To find out how biochar addition might affect sorption-desorption behavior of zinc (Zn) in acidic soils, a soil with an initial pH value of 4.67 was treated with different levels [0 (control), 1%, 3%, and 6%] of biochar produced from pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse at 600°C and incubated for 30 days under 80% of water holding capacity. At the end of the incubation period, important soil chemical properties were measured and batch isotherm experiments were performed to determine soil Zn sorption-desorption parameters. The results showed that the biochar-amended soils had higher pH values (up to 2.5 pH units), electrical conductivity (up to 2.66 times), and cation exchange capacities (up to 42%) relative to the un-amended acidic soil. Biochar addition also led to significant enhancements in soil exchangeable calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cations. Both sorption and desorption isotherm experiments revealed the significantly higher capacity of the biochar-amended soils to retain Zn than that of the control. Moreover, the biochar-amended soils exhibited a higher affinity for Zn sorption than did the un-amended acidic one. It can be concluded that biochar derived from sugarcane bagasse could serve as a good amendment material to reclaim acidic soils and to reduce Zn mobility and toxicity in acidic metal-contaminated soils.     

Pesticide sorption on soils treated with evergreen oak biomass at different humification stages

Abstract

The sorption of twelve pesticides (alachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, 2,4—D, 2,4—DB, methyl parathion, metoxuron, monuron, prometryne, propanil, silvex and spergon) was studied on two soil samples with a different carbonate content and treated with evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota) biomass at successive humification stages. The direct interaction between the above pesticides and lignocellulosic materials was also assayed independently. After the samples were suspended in 25 ppm pesticide solutions for 12 h, the concentrations in the supernatants were measured by derivatographic UV spectroscopy. The major fixations on the biomass of evergreen oak were found for spergon, prometryne and propanil. Except for atrazine, carbofuran, prometryne and silvex, composting the forest residue for 87 weeks significantly increased pesticide sorption. No correlations were found between the sorption values measured directly in the lignocellulosic materials and those in the soils amended with the latter, indicating the conspicuous influence of organo‐mineral interactions in the soil. Calcium carbonate played an important role in pesticide sorption: the lowest pesticide retentions were observed for the samples of the soil with the highest pH, where the addition of organic matter led to the greatest enhancements. The fixation of silvex and carbofuran increased considerably when the organic matter was added to the soil with the lowest pH, whereas in the calcic soil samples the major fixation corresponded to chlorinated phenoxy acids. Possible mechanisms involved in pesticide sorption in the systems studied are discussed.     

Differences in sorption behavior of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid on artificial soils as a function of soil pre-aging

Purpose

The sorption behavior of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) to three different artificial soil mixtures was investigated. Artificial soils serve as model systems for improving understanding of sorption phenomena.

Materials and methods

The soils consisted of quartz, ferrihydrite, illite, montmorillonite, and charcoal. In a previous study, several selected mixtures had been inoculated with organic matter, and microbial aging (incubation) had been performed for different periods of time (3, 12, and 18?months) before conducting the sorption experiments. The effect of this pre-incubation time on the sorption behavior was determined. Interaction of MCPA with soil surfaces was monitored by aqueous phase sorption experiments, using high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet and in selected cases Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy.

Results and discussion

The sorption behavior showed large differences between differently aged soils; Freundlich and linear sorption model fits (with sorption constants K _f , 1/n exponents, and K _d values, respectively) were given for pH?=?3 and the unbuffered pH of ??7. The largest extent of sorption from diluted solutions was found on the surfaces with a pre-incubation time of 3?months. Sorption increased at acidic pH values.

Conclusions

Regarding the influence of aging of artificial soils, the following conclusions were drawn: young artificial soils exhibit stronger sorption at lower concentrations, with a larger K _f value than aged soils. A correlation with organic carbon content was not confirmed. Thus, the sorption characteristics of the soils are more influenced by the aging of the organic carbon than by the organic carbon content itself.     

Agronomic Efficiency of Indian Rock Phosphates in Acidic Soils Employing Radiotracer A‐Value Technique

Abstract

A greenhouse pot culture study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of two rock phosphates from Mussoorie (MRP) and Purulia (PRP) in two acidic soils from Dapoli (Maharashtra) and Aruvanthklu (Karnataka), India, by growing maize (cv. Ganga) as the test crop and using ³²phosphorus (P) single superphosphate (³²P=SSP) as a tracer (A‐value technique). Dry‐matter yield and P uptake increased significantly with the application of P fertilizers compared to control treatment (without P) in both the soils. There was no significant difference with respect to dry‐matter yield among the P fertilizer treatments. However, P uptake by the shoots was found to be significantly higher in the PRP treatment in only Dapoli soil compared to other P fertilizer treatments. Phosphorus derived from fertilizer decreased in rock phosphate treatments compared to standard ³²P‐SSP treatment in both the soils, indicating an excess availability of P from the rock phosphates. A‐values of soil and rock phosphate indicate a relatively higher P availability from Aruvanthklu soil compared to Dapoli soil; A‐values for the rock phosphates were in the order PRP>MRP. The substitution ratio showed that the availability of P from both the rock phosphates were less than SSP in both the soils.     

Sorption behavior of copper,zinc, and cadmium in response to simulated changes in soil properties

Abstract

Environmental changes and management practices which alter soil properties may affect the capacity of soils to sorb trace metals, such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd), and thus influence the bioavailability and leach ability of the metals. Two agricultural soils were treated to partially oxidize organic matter and to decrease soil pH for evaluating the effects of acidification and organic matter oxidation on trace metal sorption onto soils. For the one soil with a pH value of 6.74 and organic carbon (C) content of 46.9 g‐kg^‐1, loss of 11% of its organic matter reduced by 97, 72, and 62% the original sorption capacity for Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively, while the corresponding values caused by acidifying the soil one pH‐unit were 32, 16, and 29%. For the another soil with a pH of 4.69 and organic C content of 16.3 g‐kg^‐1, a decrease in pH by one unit resulted in a loss of 43, 21, and 52% of the sorption capacity for Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively.     

Specific sorption of trace amounts of cadmium by soils

Abstract

Sorption of trace quantities of Cd in four soils of different chemical and mineralogical properties, was studied. Initial Cd concentrations were between 15 to 150 μg. 1^?1. The sorption isotherms were linear and had a positive intercept in three of the soils, indicating a constant partition‐high affinity sorption isotherm (Giles et. al⁶). The data also followed the Freundlich sorption isotherm, and the Freundlich K parameter was taken as a measure of the relative affinity of the different soils for the Cd metal sorbed. Cadmium sorbed was extracted by IN‐NH₄C1 followed by 0.1N HC1, and the fraction remaining in the soils was considered specifically sorbed Cd. This fraction also followed a linear sorption isotherm, and was around 30% for the four soils studied. The sorption order for the amount of specifically sorbed Cd showed that the Boomer soil (kaolinite‐iron oxides) had the lowest affinity for specific sorption of this metal. This was taken as evidence that kaolinite and iron oxides have a lower capacity for retaining cadmium through specific sorption mechanism(s) than the materials present on the other soils (2:1 layer silicates and humic substances). The existence of specific mecha‐nism(s) responsible by the sorption of trace quantities of Cd in soil solutions has important implications on soil‐plant relationships, Cd mobility in soil profiles and control of Cd activity in soil solutions.     

Clay,Organic Carbon,Available P and Calcium Carbonate Effects on Phosphorus Release and Sorption–Desorption Kinetics in Alluvial Soils

Information on phosphorus (P) release kinetics and sorption–desorption in soils is important for understanding how quickly reaction approaches equilibrium and replenishes the depleted soil solution. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the P release and sorption–desorption kinetics in soils differing in clay, soil organic carbon (SOC), available P, and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) contents. Phosphorus release from soils proceeded in two phases: initially faster phase followed by a slower phase as equilibration progressed. Elovich equation (R² ≥ 0.97**) described well the P release versus time data. P release coefficients for power function were significantly correlated with available P and SOC. Freundlich sorption constants increased with increase in clay and CaCO₃ content. With increase in SOC and available P concentration in soils, substantial reduction in sorption constants was observed. It was concluded that for efficient P management, it is important to take into account soil texture, the existing soil P level, SOC content, and soil calcareousness.     

Dissipation and sorption processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to organic matter in soils amended by exogenous rich-carbon material

Purpose

The aim of the research was to assess the effect of biochar addition on aging, degradation, and sorption processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to soil organic matter. The study was carried out as a sorption experiment in strictly controlled water and air conditions, which allowed for the accurate observation and prediction of PAH behavior in soils.

Materials and methods

Four soils were fortified with a PAH mixture (Fluorene-Flu, Anthracene-Ant, Phenanthrene-Phe, Pyrene-Pyr, Chrysene-Chry) at 20 mg kg^?1 of single-compound concentration level. The experiment was carried out in two trials: soils?+?5PAHs amended with biochar and soil?+?5PAHs without biochar addition with incubation times of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. After each interval time, the extractable (E-SOM) and stable organic matter (S-SOM) were measured as well as PAHs determined in two forms: total concentration (PAH-tot) and residual concentration (PAH-rest) after E-SOM extraction. The PAH loss and half-life times were estimated according to pseudo first-order kinetics equation.

Results and discussion

The amounts of PAH-tot in the soils without biochar decreased by an average of 92%, while in soil with biochar, this was 41% after 9 months of aging. The amount of PAHs-rest bounded with S-SOM after 9 months of incubation varied from 0.9 to 3.5% and 0.2 to 1.3% of the initial PAH concentration, respectively, for soils non-induced and induced by biochar. In soils without biochar, Flu, Ant, Phe, and Pyr exhibited similar T_1/2 (43–59 days), but Chry was characterized by a much higher and broader T_1/2 than other hydrocarbons (67–280 days). Biochar addition to the soils significantly influenced the half-life changes for all PAHs. The highest changes were noted for Phe (14-fold increase), and the lowest was for Flu (7-fold increase).

Conclusions

The addition of exogenous-rich carbon material such as biochar to the soil significantly changes the behavior and sorption potential of PAHs in the soil. Soils enriched with biochar are characterized by a higher persistence of PAHs, longer aging time, and lower affinity for sorption by native organic matter structures. Soils freshly polluted by PAH are mainly sorbed by E-SOM, which significantly increases their accessibility and reduces formation of bound-residues in the soil.

     

几种有机酸对可变电荷和恒电荷土壤吸附镉的影响

The objectives of this study were to illustrate the reaction processes, to identify and quantify the precipitates formed, and to estimate the porosity losses in order to eliminate drawbacks during remediating monochlorobenzene （MCB） and trichloroethylene （TCE）-contaminated aquifers using the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system. The system consisted of four columns （112 cm long and 10 cm in diameter） with oxygen-releasing compound （ORC）, granular activated carbon （GAC）, zero-valent iron （Fe^0）, and calcite used sequentially as the reactive media. The concentrations of MCB in the GAC column effluent and TCE in the Fe^0 column effluent were below the detection limit. However, the concentrations of MCB and TCE in the final calcite column exceeded the maximum contaminant level （MCL） under the Safe Drinking Water Act of the US Environmental Protection Agency （US EPA） that protects human health and environment. These results suggested that partitioning of MCB and TCE into the gas phase could occur, and also that transportation of volatile organic pollutants in the gas phase was important. Three main precipitates formed in the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system： CaCO3 in the ORC column along with Fe（OH）2 and FeCO3 in the Fe^0 column. The total porosity losses caused by mineral precipitation corresponded to about 0.24% porosity in the ORC column, and 1% in the Fe^0 column. The most important cause of porosity losses was anaerobic corrosion of iron. The porosity losses caused by gas because of the production and entrapment of oxygen in the ORC column and hydrogen in the Fe^0 column should not be ignored. Volatilization, precipitation and porosity losses were considered to be the main drawbacks of the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system in remediating the MCB and TCE-contaminated aquifers. Thus, measurements such as using a suitable oxygen-releasing compound, weakening the increase in pH using a buffer material such as soil, stimulating biodegradation rates and minimizing the plugging caused by the relatively high dissolved oxygen levels should be taken to eliminate the drawbacks and to improve the efficiency of the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system.     

Calcium requirements for peanuts

Abstract

Surface soils from ten soil series representing five great groups were collected from Alaska. These soils were selected from the important agricultural areas covering a wide geographic distribution. These soils can be divided into two distinct groups based on their parent material: loess and volcanic ash. Phosphorus sorption maxima were calculated based on the Langmuir isotherms. The volcanic ash soils (Cryandept and Cryorthods) showed an average P‐sorption maxima of 10,122 mg/kg and loess soils averaged 3,934 mg/kg. Both groups have similar portions of phosphorus in the organic form (19%) and occluded form (8 to 9%). The nonoccluded‐P in the volcanic ash soils and the loess soils was 68% and 43% respectively, and the Calcium‐P was 4% and 29% respectively.

Regression analysis indicated that aluminum and iron are primarily responsible for P‐sorption. The dithionite extractable Al is responsible for P‐sorption in volcanic ash soils, while oxalate extractable Al is responsible for P‐sorption in loess soils. Dithionite and oxalate extractable Fe probably play a secondary role in P‐sorption. The sorption isotherm, regression analysis and the P‐fractionation data provide the agronomist with useful information to estimate P requirement of newly cleared soils.     

Factors Influencing the Dissolution of Phosphate Rock in a Range of High P‐Fixing Soils from Cameroon

Abstract

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the soil factors that influence the dissolution of two phosphate rocks (PRs) of different reactivity (Gafsa, GPR, reactive PR; and Togo‐Hahotoe, HPR, low reactivity PR) in seven agricultural soils from Cameroon having variable phosphorus (P)‐sorption capacities, organic carbon (C) contents, and exchangeable acidities. Ground PR was mixed with the soils at a rate of 500 mg P kg^?1 soil and incubated at 30°C for 85 days. Dissolution of the PRs was determined at various intervals using the ΔNaOH‐P method (the difference of the amount of P extracted by 0.5 M NaOH between the PR‐treated soils and the control). Between 4 and 27% of HPR and 33 and 50% of GPR were dissolved in the soils. Calcium (Ca) saturation of cation exchange sites and proton supply strongly affected PR dissolution in these soils. Acid soils with pH‐(H₂O)<5 (NKL, ODJ, NSM, MTF) dissolved more phosphate rock than those with pH‐(H₂O)>5 (DSC, FGT, BAF). However, the lack of a sufficient Ca sink in the former constrained the dissolution of both PRs. The dissolution of GPR in the slightly acidic soils was limited by increase in Ca saturation and that of HPR was constrained by limited supply in protons. Generally, the dissolution of GPR was higher than that of HPR for each soil. The kinetics of dissolution of PR in the soils was best described by the power function equation P=At^B. More efficient use of PR in these soils can be achieved by raising the soil cation exchange capacity, thereby increasing the Ca sink size. This could be done by amending such soils with organic materials.     

Effects of liming and phosphorus on three soils from the wet coast of North Queensland

Abstract

A pot experiment using Urochloa mozambicensis as the test plant showed that the P requirements of three acid soils from the wet coast of North Queensland are in accord with their P sorption characteristics; P requirements of two soils with dark, humic A horizons were very high. Responses to liming (dolomite) were also found on two soils.

Effects of liming on P sorption, P concentration in solution, and plant response to P were small and thus liming does not offer a means of reducing P needs on these soils.

Analyses of the plant dry matter, the soil and soil solution recovered from the cropped soils indicate that aluminium and manganese toxicities were not important for the growth of the test plant on these soils, but magnesium deficiency was a contributing factor to the response to dolomite on one soil.