氮磷钾肥配施对不同品种大白菜硝酸盐累积的影响

通过采用二次饱和D-最优回归设计(311B方案),对氮磷钾肥配施与大白菜硝酸盐累积之间的关系进行研究,建立了能调控大白菜硝酸盐含量的施肥模型。分析表明,不同品种大白菜硝酸盐含量与施肥有很大关系,但品种间存在着较大的差异。在相同施肥处理下,绿星80大白菜硝酸盐含量略低于五福菜的硝酸盐含量。不同品种大白菜硝酸盐累积量和硝酸还原酶活性具有很大的相关性,可作为大白菜体内硝酸盐累积的一项指标。     

菜心氮磷钾施肥效应研究

通过三个3个不同养分水平土壤上菜心氮、磷、钾"3414"田间试验,所获得的3种肥料效应方程,求取最佳施肥量。结果显示:(1)净收入最多的处理,3个试验均基本是中等水平或1水平的处理,说明试验设计水平合理。(2)3个点肥料试验的一元二次效应方程中,均是N效应的显著度最高、P效应的显著度次之、K效应的显著度最差;二元二次效应方程中只有NP效应的显著度是3个试验均较高的,NK效应则只有2个试验的显著度相对较高而PK效应则仅有1个试验的显著度相对较高;3个试验的三元二次效应方程中只有2个试验的显著;但这属于显著的2个当中又有1个的N、P、K全是负效应。(3)氮、钾肥理论最佳施肥量的高或低,基本与试验地土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量水平相吻合;磷肥的理论最佳施用量和试验中产量较高处理的施用量不与试验地土壤速效磷含量水平相吻合,而与土壤pH值有关。     

氮磷钾肥配施对大白菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响研究

采用三因素五水平最优回归设计 ,研究了贵阳黄泥土施用氮、磷、钾肥对大白菜 (ChineseCabbage)产量和硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明 ,大白菜高产和低硝酸盐含量的最佳氮磷钾用量为N180～ 2 0 0kg/hm2 ,P2 O512 0～ 15 0kg/hm2 ,K2 O12 0～ 15 0kg/hm2 。     

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus, and potassium nutrition on yield,rates of kernel growth and grain filling periods of two corn hybrids

Abstract

Depression of corn grain yields from nutrient stress has been studied extensively, but effects of nutrient stress on rates of corn development and yield determinants are less well understood. Nutritional effects on the number of kernels/unit area, growth rate/kernel, and duration of growth have implications concerning fertilization practices and yield potentials of crops. Two corn hybrids with equivalent silking dates but having different grain filling periods were grown in a field experiment. Fertility treatments consisted of a N series receiving 0, 112, or 336 kg of N/ha and a P‐K series receiving factorial combinations of 0, 22, or 112 kg of P/ha and 0, 56, or 224 kg of K/ha. Dates for grain initiation and maturity were determined for each plot along with tissue analyses of ear leaves, grain yields, and kernel weights. Concentrations of N and K in ear leaves generally corresponded to treatment levels of these nutrients, although Pioneer Hi‐bred 3390 appeared to be less efficient than Pioneer Hi‐bred 3334 in K uptake. Effects of nutrient stress on yield determinants depended on the determinant and nutrient under consideration. Severe N stress did not change length of grain filling periods, but decreased kernel numbers 30 to 70%. Stress for K, on the other hand, shortened grain filling periods about 13% and had only a slight effect on kernel number. Negligible P stress occurred in the experiment. The two hybrids produced equal quantities of grain/ha/day but the hybrid with a longer filling period (Pioneer 3334) filled many more kernels at a slightly slower rate and for a longer period of time to give a significantly greater grain yield compared to Pioneer 3390.     

氮、磷、钾、锌配施对小白菜产量和品质的效应

应用“416-B”最优混合设计，研究了氮、磷、钾、锌肥对小白菜产量和品质的效应。结果表明，施用氮、磷、钾、锌的增产效果为氮〉锌〉钾〉磷。氮与磷、钾、锌配施有利于小白菜增产和品质的改善。在本试验条件下，小白菜高产、优质施肥方案为每千克土施N0．26g、P2O5 0．11g、K2O 0．42g、Zn0．017g，目标产量790．7g/盆FW，鲜小白菜中含锌81．9mg／kg，可溶性糖1．63％，Vc117．9mg／kg，硝酸盐809.5mg／kg。     

磷对不同基因型玉米生长及氮磷钾吸收的影响

采用田间试验法,在高磷和低磷土壤上分别设置施磷和不施磷处理,研究磷对9个玉米基因型生物量、产量、氮磷钾养分吸收量的影响及其各基因型间的异同,为磷肥合理施用提供科学依据。结果表明,在高磷土壤上,不施磷对各玉米基因型的生物量、产量、产量构成因素和多数玉米基因型的氮磷钾吸收量影响不大;在低磷土壤上,不施磷降低各玉米基因型的生物量、穗粒数、产量及氮磷钾吸收量。两个磷水平下,均以蠡玉16的生物量和产量最大,冀单28最小,这与前者具有较多的养分吸收量有关。不同玉米基因型间有明显差异,在玉米生产中应该因地制宜合理施用磷肥。     

氮、磷、钾肥配施对南板蓝产量及靛玉红含量的影响

采用三因素五水平最优回归设计，研究了氮、磷、钾肥配施对南板蓝产量及靛玉红含量的影响。结果表明，不同的氮、磷、钾肥配施显著影响南板蓝的产量。N、P、K肥对南板蓝的增产效应为N〉P〉K，氮是主要的限制因子。不同的氮、磷、钾肥配施也显著影响南板蓝的靛玉红含量。施入氮肥明显地增加了南板蓝的靛玉红含量，磷、钾肥的施入在一定程度上降低了靛玉红含量。结合南板蓝的产量及靛玉红含量，确定氮、磷、钾肥适宜的用量组合区间，N为931．96～1035．55kg／hm^2，P2O5为140．80～172．80kg／hm^2，K2O为388．80～432．00kg／hm^2。     

宣威市紫色土辣椒氮磷钾肥配比试验研究

对紫色土辣椒氮、磷、钾适宜施用量研究表明，紫色土氮磷钾肥对辣椒产量的影响顺序是磷肥〉氮肥〉钾肥。磷是限制辣椒产量的主导因子。在施用菜籽饼肥600kg／hm^2，折N31．2kg／hm^2、P2O5 11.7kg／hm^2、K2O 8．1kg／hm^2的基础上，辣椒产量≥20400kg／hm^2的氮磷钾优化组合施肥范围：N=113．9～204．6kg／hm^2，P2O5=145．9～177．2kg／hm^2，K2O=49．3～153．8kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．87～1．28：0．43～0．75。建议氮、磷、钾肥适宜用量为：N159．2kg／hm^2，P2O5 161．5kg／hm^2，K2O 101．5kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：1．01：0．64，辣椒最高产量预测值为21961．5kg／hm^2，施肥利润5417．7元／hm^2，投产比1：5．00。适量的氮、磷、钾营养使得养分比例平衡，有利于增加辣椒收果数，提高鲜椒产量，从而增加效益。     

Influence of dolomitic limestone and N:P:K: Fertilization on the mineral composition of coastal bermudagrass grown under very acid soil conditions

Abstract

The influence of limestone and N:P:K fertilizer rates on elemental composition of Coastal bermudagrass forage was determined to evaluate causes for high yield responses to dolomitic limestone at high N:P:K rates, as well as severe stand loss, and chlorosis of bermudagrass in the unlimed treatments. Increasing N:P:K fertilization resulted in severe Mg deficiency. Maximum yields (when limed with dolomitic limestone) were associated with Mg concentrations of 1.0 g/kg plant tops. Magnesium lost to plant removal, Mg loss to enhanced leaching under N fertilization, and K interference associated with excess K accumulation at high rates of NK inputs all contributed to Mg deficiency. However, the accumulation of excess K, which interfered with Mg uptake when high rates of N and K were applied, was considered to be the primary cause of the observed Mg deficiency.     

氮磷钾配施对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响

【目的】施肥不平衡是影响砂田西瓜产量和品质的主要因子。研究氮、 磷、 钾不同施肥量和配施比例对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响,探明旱砂田西瓜高产、 优质的适宜氮、 磷、 钾施用量和配比,对提高砂田西瓜的生产效率具有重要的现实意义。【方法】本研究以中晚熟西瓜品种陇抗九号为试材,在砂田西瓜全膜覆盖栽培条件下,采用氮、 磷、 钾三因素的“311-B”D饱和最优设计,进行田间微区试验。对西瓜产量和品质结果进行二次回归拟合,建立养分回归数学模型。【结果】因素效应分析结果表明,不同因素对西瓜产量的影响以磷肥最大,氮肥次之,钾肥较小; 对西瓜品质的影响以磷肥最大,钾肥次之,氮肥较小,表明在砂田碱性土壤中,磷是影响西瓜产量、 品质的首要因素,当氮、 磷、 钾肥用量分别达231.61、 204.34、 191.78 kg/hm2时,边际产量效应值降至0。氮磷、 氮钾、 磷钾的交互作用对西瓜的产量也有显著影响,某一单一肥料施用量偏高或偏低均不利于西瓜产量的形成,而由于肥料间的交互作用,两者配施则对产量的提高有较强的促进作用。对氮而言,磷的交互效应大于钾; 对磷而言,氮的交互效应大于钾; 对钾而言,磷的交互效应大于氮,其交互作用最显著的区域为N 115.0~341.8 kg/hm2、 P2O5 86.5~298.2 kg/hm2、 K2O 101.6~298.4 kg/hm2。利用模型进行决策表明,砂田西瓜产量超过50 t/hm2的施肥方案为N 193.19~238.18 kg/hm2、 P2O5 162.41~206.72 kg/hm2、 K2O 164.85~214.53 kg/hm2; 西瓜品质综合评分在85分以上的施肥方案为N 195.96~239.44 kg/hm2、 P2O5 167.86~207.52 kg/hm2、 K2O 212.87~267.62 kg/hm2。【结论】砂田西瓜产量达50 t/hm2、 品质综合评分达85分以上的施肥方案为N 195.96~238.18 kg/hm2、 P2O5167.86~206.72 kg/hm2、 K2O 212.87~214.53 kg/hm2,适宜的N、 P2O5、 K2O施用比例约为1∶0.86∶0.98。     

氮磷钾肥用量对紫云英产量效应的研究

采用"3414"肥料效应试验设计方案对紫云英氮、磷、钾肥施用效应及养分的交互作用进行了研究,结果表明:与不施肥处理(CK)相比,13个施肥处理紫云英鲜草平均增产21.1 t·hm-2,平均产量为不施肥处理的2.35倍;分别固定磷(P2O5 60 kg·hm-2)、钾(K2O 60 kg·hm-2)肥,氮(N75 kg·hm-2)、钾(K2O 60 kg·hm-2)肥和氮(N 75 kg·hm-2)、磷(P2O5 60 kg·hm-2)肥用量,在施N 0～112.5 kg·hm-2,P2O5 0～90 kg·hm-2和K2O 0～90 kg·hm-2范围内,紫云英产量随相应肥料用量的增加而显著提高,N、P、K各养分施用的最高增产率分别为65.0%、27.8%和44.5%;从养分效率看,中量水平的氮(N 75.0 kg·hm-2)、磷(P2O5 60 kg·hm-2)和低量水平的钾(K2O 30 kg·hm-2)增产效果最好;氮、磷、钾肥之间存在一定的交互作用,互相影响肥效的发挥,中量水平的养分用量(N 75.0 kg·hm-2、P2O5 60 kg·hm-2和K2O 60 kg·hm-2)有利于各养分效果的发挥.结果说明,施肥对紫云英增产效果明显,氮、磷、钾肥用量和配比是影响紫云英产量的重要因素.     

铁膜对水稻根表面电化学性质和氮磷钾短期吸收的影响

通过水培试验研究了水稻根表铁膜对根表电化学性质、根表对NH4+、K+和磷酸根吸附和吸收的影响。结果表明,铁膜降低根表阳离子交换量,使根表zeta电位绝对值减小,说明根表负电荷数量减少。与对照相比,铁膜抑制了水稻根表对NH4+和K+的吸附,但促进了其对磷酸根的吸附。6 h培养实验结果表明,铁膜使水稻对NH4+、K+、H2PO4-的吸收速率分别降低了21.1%、42.7%、59.1%。因此,作为物理、化学屏障或者临时储存库,铁膜抑制了水稻对大量营养元素的短期吸收。     

不同灌水量下氮磷钾配施对青稞产量和品质的影响

为探明在不同灌水量下青稞氮磷钾适宜施用量和最佳配比,研究不同灌水量下氮磷钾配施对青稞产量、品质的影响, 2018 — 2019年以春性二棱青稞品种陇青1号为指示品种,在甘肃河西灌区大田栽培条件下采用裂区试验设计,设置灌水为主区、施肥为副区并采用“3414”设计进行田间试验。对青稞产量及其构成因素及品质进行方差分析的结果表明,在各灌水处理下,青稞产量构成因素各项测定指标至少与1个其他指标极显著或显著相关性;在相同氮磷钾配比下青稞平均产量全生育期灌水2次和全生育期灌水1次较全生育期不灌水分别显著增产59.5%、52.8%,灌水2次较全灌水1次增产4.4%;各灌水处理下,13个施肥处理较不施肥处理显著增产,增产率分别为不灌水0.1%～26.2%、灌水1次0.9%～28.3%、灌水2次7.8%～22.7%,且施肥处理N2P2K3、N2P2K0和N3P2K2产量始终较高;各灌水处理下,氮、磷、钾施用量和产量的三元二次回归方程均能反应青稞产量与氮磷钾三要素之间的极显著相关关系。一元二次肥料效应方程下,青稞最高产量施肥量分别为N 189.11 kg/hm2(全生育期不灌水)、186.75 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水1次)和196.50 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水2次);P2O5 61.69 kg/hm2(全生育期不灌水)、48.77 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水1次)和-27.38 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水2次);K2O 61.11 kg/hm2(全生育期不灌水)、60.60 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水1次)和77.44 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水2次)。整体而言,青稞籽粒蛋白质含量随着灌水量增加而降低,籽粒淀粉含量随着灌水量增加而升高。推荐该区春青稞生育期浇水1次,即于拔节期按1 500 m3/hm2灌入。在此水分条件下推荐的N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为186.75、48.77、60.60 kg/hm2,此时青稞籽粒产量可达到4 355.24 kg/hm2。     

不同生长条件下槟榔叶片氮、磷、钾含量及其比例的研究

采用田间调查与实验室分析相结合,探讨海南地区不同产量水平、不同生长年限、正常结果与黄化槟榔叶片氮、磷、钾含量变化规律.结果表明,槟榔叶片氮、磷、钾比例约为1:0.081:0.356.高产组槟榔叶片平均氮含量比中高产组和中产组的分别高10.45%和21.73%;而比低产组槟榔叶片的高了36.86%.正常结果树(低产组槟榔...     

冬小麦地上部器官氮磷钾的积累分配和运转的研究

对潮土肥力定位试验地有关施肥处理采样测定 ,结果表明 ,有机、无机肥配合可提高冬小麦吸收N、P、K数量和延续吸收时间到灌浆期 (乳熟中期 ) .扬花期是吸收P、K高峰期 ,之后茎秆叶鞘中K开始向其他器官转移或被再利用 ,灌浆期至成熟期有、无机肥配施及N、P、K处理茎秆叶中K显著减少 1 / 3到1 / 2 .生产实践中重施底肥 ,提倡拔节追施N肥和后期根外追肥是行之有效的措施     

长江中下游甘薯氮磷钾肥施用效果与区域土壤养分丰缺指标研究

根据2009—2014年在长江中下游薯区实施的68个氮、磷、钾肥料用量田间试验结果，建立了基于养分丰缺指标法——肥料效应函数的甘薯氮、磷、钾施肥指标体系。结果表明：施用氮肥、磷肥、钾肥均对甘薯具有极显著的增产效果(P<0.01)；植薯土壤水解性氮含量的“高”、“低”指标分别为170 mg/kg和100 mg/kg，有效磷含量的临界指标为17 mg/kg，土壤速效钾含量“高”、“低”的指标分别为110 mg/kg和30 mg/kg；高产田块甘薯的氮、磷、钾肥最佳经济推荐施用量分别为N 125 kg/hm²、P₂O₅160 kg/hm²和K₂O 182 kg/hm²，中低产田块的氮、磷、钾肥最佳经济推荐施用量分别为N 155 kg/hm²、P₂O₅120 kg/hm²和K₂O 220 kg/hm²。     

Impact of mineral and organic fertilization on yield,C content in the soil,as well as on C,N and energy balances in a long-term field experiment

Data from a 49-year-long organic–mineral fertilization field experiment with a potato–maize–maize–wheat–wheat crop rotation were used to analyse the impact of different fertilizer variations on yield ability, soil organic carbon content (SOC), N and C balances, as well as on some characteristic energy balance parameters. Among the treatments, the fertilization variant with 87 kg ha^?1 year^?1 N proved to be economically optimal (94% of the maximum). Approximately 40 years after initiation of the experiment, supposed steady-state SOC content has been reached, with a value of 0.81% in the upper soil layer of the unfertilized control plot. Farmyard manure (FYM) treatments resulted in 10% higher SOC content compared with equivalent NPK fertilizer doses. The best C balances were obtained with exclusive mineral fertilization variants (?3.8 and ?3.7 t ha^?1 year^?1, respectively). N uptake in the unfertilized control plot suggested an airborne N input of 48 kg ha^?1 year^?1. The optimum fertilizer variant (70 t ha^?1 FYM-equivalent NPK) proved favourable with a view to energy. The energy gain by exclusive FYM treatments was lower than with sole NPK fertilization. Best energy intensity values were obtained with lower mineral fertilization and FYM variants. The order of energy conversion according to the different crops was maize, wheat and potato.     

氮磷钾配施对玛咖产量和品质的影响及肥料效应

为探究玛咖优质高效种植的合理施肥量和施肥配方,本研究采用“3414”随机区组设计开展田间小区试验,测定玛咖植株农艺性状、产量和品质性状等指标,通过拟合肥料效应函数方程并结合品质性状确定氮、磷、钾施肥量。结果表明,氮磷钾的合理配施能不同程度促进玛咖地上部和地下部的生长,提高其产量和品质,其中N₂P₂K₂(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=8:6:8)的玛咖地下部农艺性状、产量、玛咖烯、芥子油苷和灰分含量最高;氮、磷、钾3种元素对玛咖产量存在明显的互作效应,表现为N₂P₂K₂施肥水平有利于氮、磷、钾肥效的发挥;通过田间小区试验得出玛咖最高理论产量为9 346.95 kg·hm^-2。综合肥料三因素、产量和品质分析得出,N₂P₂K₂的玛咖产量最高、品质最好。最高产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N:P₂O₅:K₂O=120.71:92.16:144.22 kg·hm^-2,产量达到8 577.35 kg·hm^-2;经济最佳产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N:P₂O₅:K₂O=120.58:91.76:143.35 kg·hm^-2,产量达到8 577.29 kg·hm^-2。本研究结果为指导和规范玛咖的施肥技术提供了理论依据。     

大气CO2浓度升高对黄花蒿生长和氮磷钾养分吸收的影响

Annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) is the only viable source of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug. There is a pressing need to optimize production per cultivated area of this important medicinal plant; however, the effect of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration on its growth is still unclear. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) facility in Yangzhou City, China. Two A. annua varieties, one wild and one cultivated, were grown under ambient (374 μmol mol^-1) and elevated (577 μmol mol^-1) CO₂ levels to determine the dry matter accumulation and macronutrient uptake of aerial parts. The results showed that stem and leaf yields of both A. annua varieties increased significantly under elevated CO₂ due to the enhanced photosynthesis rate. Although nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations in leaves and stems of both varieties decreased under elevated CO₂, total shoot N, P, and K uptake of the two varieties were enhanced and the ratios among the concentrations of these nutrients (N:P, N:K, and P:K) were not affected by elevated CO₂. Overall, our results provided the evidence that elevated CO₂ increased biomass and shoot macronutrient uptake of two A. annua varieties.     

氮、磷、钾施用量及其配比对白芷产量的影响

采用三元二次回归正交组合设计,试验研究N、P、K施用量及其配比对白芷产量的影响结果表明,白芷产量与N、P、K的供应均为正效应,N、P、K单施低于零水平时,随施用量的增加而白芷产量逐步提高,N、P、K配合施用比单施的产量高。